Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982University of California Press, 1 sept. 2023 - 506 pagini A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions. |
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Pagina 11
... percentage of the labor force ( Fain , 1980 ) . Indeed , in the period 1972-1984 , nonagricultural self - employment actually in- creased 28 percent faster than the wage and salary labor force . Be- tween 1972 and 1984 , the self ...
... percentage of the labor force ( Fain , 1980 ) . Indeed , in the period 1972-1984 , nonagricultural self - employment actually in- creased 28 percent faster than the wage and salary labor force . Be- tween 1972 and 1984 , the self ...
Pagina 14
... percentage of entrepreneurially inclined persons in the population . In 1970 , 9.8 percent of foreign- born men age sixteen or older were self - employed in twenty - two large metropolitan areas for which the U.S. Census published data ...
... percentage of entrepreneurially inclined persons in the population . In 1970 , 9.8 percent of foreign- born men age sixteen or older were self - employed in twenty - two large metropolitan areas for which the U.S. Census published data ...
Pagina 21
... percentage of self - employed in the Los Angeles labor force . Uti- lizing class and ethnic resources , Koreans in Los Angeles achieved overrepresentation in the business population . How they achieved this overrepresentation is the ...
... percentage of self - employed in the Los Angeles labor force . Uti- lizing class and ethnic resources , Koreans in Los Angeles achieved overrepresentation in the business population . How they achieved this overrepresentation is the ...
Pagina 29
... Percentage of U.S. 1969 $ 535 $ 40 7.5 1970 567 57 10.0 1971 605 59 9.8 1972 646 61 9.4 1973 690 68 9.9 1974 743 88 11.8 1975 799 95 11.9 1976 857 129 15.1 1977 925 170 18.4 1978 1001 230 22.9 1979 1084 295 27.2 1980 1276 267 22.9 1981 ...
... Percentage of U.S. 1969 $ 535 $ 40 7.5 1970 567 57 10.0 1971 605 59 9.8 1972 646 61 9.4 1973 690 68 9.9 1974 743 88 11.8 1975 799 95 11.9 1976 857 129 15.1 1977 925 170 18.4 1978 1001 230 22.9 1979 1084 295 27.2 1980 1276 267 22.9 1981 ...
Pagina 35
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Cuprins
3 | |
25 | |
27 | |
The Role of the Korean Government | 68 |
Emigration From South Korea | 102 |
KOREAN BUSINESS IN LOS ANGELES | 127 |
Immigration And Settlement | 129 |
Entrepreneurs and Firms | 156 |
Reaction and Solidarity | 298 |
KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS IN AMERICAN CAPITALISM | 327 |
The Protection of US Labor Standards | 329 |
The Cheapness of Korean Immigrant Small Business | 352 |
The Use of Korean Small Business by US Capital | 369 |
The Making of Immigrant Small Business | 399 |
CONCLUSION | 421 |
The Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship | 423 |
Class and Ethnic Resources | 178 |
Business Location | 204 |
The Retail Liquor Industry | 225 |
Raising Capital | 242 |
Sources of Entrepreneurship | 271 |
Telephone Survey 1977 | 435 |
Notes | 437 |
References | 461 |
Index | 485 |
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 1991 |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
American Angeles County areas Asian Asian American Association Bank benefits big business business enterprises business owners business population capitalist Census chain migration cheap labor Christians City coethnics competition contractors corporations countries cultural economic emigration employees employment ethnic resources exemption exports foreign Franchising garment industry Hankook Ilbo Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurship immigrant small business important increased investment Korean business Korean community Korean Directory Korean entrepreneurs Korean entrepreneurship Korean firms Korean government Korean immigrants Korean labor Korean population Korean workers Korean-owned firms Koreatown labor certification labor force labor standards license liquor industry loans Los Angeles County manufacturing ment middleman minorities million ness non-Korean organization percent of Korean percentage political reported retail sector self-employed self-employment Seoul social solidarity Source South Korea subcontracting Table Third World tion trade U.S. Bureau U.S. capital U.S. Congress U.S. Senate United USGPO zip codes