Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982University of California Press, 1 sept. 2023 - 506 pagini A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions. |
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Pagina 11
... force ( Fain , 1980 ) . Indeed , in the period 1972-1984 , nonagricultural self - employment actually in- creased 28 percent faster than the wage and salary labor force . Be- tween 1972 and 1984 , the self - employed increased from 6.8 ...
... force ( Fain , 1980 ) . Indeed , in the period 1972-1984 , nonagricultural self - employment actually in- creased 28 percent faster than the wage and salary labor force . Be- tween 1972 and 1984 , the self - employed increased from 6.8 ...
Pagina 14
... Force 0.06 0.70 * FBLF Foreign - born Labor Force 0.13 0.34 * Constant 57.00 R2 0.97 * P < .01 Source : U.S. Bureau of the Census , Census of Population and Housing , 1980 : Public - Use Microdata Sample A ( Washington , D.C .: Bureau ...
... Force 0.06 0.70 * FBLF Foreign - born Labor Force 0.13 0.34 * Constant 57.00 R2 0.97 * P < .01 Source : U.S. Bureau of the Census , Census of Population and Housing , 1980 : Public - Use Microdata Sample A ( Washington , D.C .: Bureau ...
Pagina 16
... forces tending otherwise toward the progressive reduction of small capital . Four important interventions were ideology ... force , and an increase in the supply of entrepreneurs . Liberalization of the immigration law was an obvious ...
... forces tending otherwise toward the progressive reduction of small capital . Four important interventions were ideology ... force , and an increase in the supply of entrepreneurs . Liberalization of the immigration law was an obvious ...
Pagina 21
... force self- employed . An influx of Korean immigrants ( arrow 6 ) after 1968 increased the supply of entrepreneurs , thus increasing the number and percentage of self - employed in the Los Angeles labor force . Uti- lizing class and ...
... force self- employed . An influx of Korean immigrants ( arrow 6 ) after 1968 increased the supply of entrepreneurs , thus increasing the number and percentage of self - employed in the Los Angeles labor force . Uti- lizing class and ...
Pagina 22
... force . In fact , Korea presented the United States with an army of able - bodied workers wishing to enter . Why were Koreans available for immigration to the United States ? Over- looking for the moment the sources of their desire to ...
... force . In fact , Korea presented the United States with an army of able - bodied workers wishing to enter . Why were Koreans available for immigration to the United States ? Over- looking for the moment the sources of their desire to ...
Cuprins
3 | |
25 | |
27 | |
The Role of the Korean Government | 68 |
Emigration From South Korea | 102 |
KOREAN BUSINESS IN LOS ANGELES | 127 |
Immigration And Settlement | 129 |
Entrepreneurs and Firms | 156 |
Reaction and Solidarity | 298 |
KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS IN AMERICAN CAPITALISM | 327 |
The Protection of US Labor Standards | 329 |
The Cheapness of Korean Immigrant Small Business | 352 |
The Use of Korean Small Business by US Capital | 369 |
The Making of Immigrant Small Business | 399 |
CONCLUSION | 421 |
The Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship | 423 |
Class and Ethnic Resources | 178 |
Business Location | 204 |
The Retail Liquor Industry | 225 |
Raising Capital | 242 |
Sources of Entrepreneurship | 271 |
Telephone Survey 1977 | 435 |
Notes | 437 |
References | 461 |
Index | 485 |
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 2023 |
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982 Ivan Light,Edna Bonacich Previzualizare limitată - 1991 |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
American Angeles County areas Asian Asian American Association Bank benefits big business business enterprises business owners business population capitalist Census chain migration cheap labor Christians City coethnics competition contractors corporations countries cultural economic emigration employees employment ethnic resources exemption exports foreign Franchising garment industry Hankook Ilbo Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurship immigrant small business important increased investment Korean business Korean community Korean Directory Korean entrepreneurs Korean entrepreneurship Korean firms Korean government Korean immigrants Korean labor Korean population Korean workers Korean-owned firms Koreatown labor certification labor force labor standards license liquor industry loans Los Angeles County manufacturing ment middleman minorities million ness non-Korean organization percent of Korean percentage political reported retail sector self-employed self-employment Seoul social solidarity Source South Korea subcontracting Table Third World tion trade U.S. Bureau U.S. capital U.S. Congress U.S. Senate United USGPO zip codes