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in Turkey, it is an obvious case in which the exception is appropriate.

So I may regrettably have to disagree because of the national security dimensions of that particular case.

Mr. YATRON. Thank you, Professor.

I want to thank you both, gentlemen, for being here today and for giving us the benefit of your views. I think it is going to be most important and most helpful to the subcommittee.

Thank you very much.

The subcommittee stands adjourned subject to the call of the Chair.

[Whereupon, at 3:50 p.m., the subcommittee adjourned, subject to the call of the Chair.]

APPENDIX 1

TEXT OF ARTICLE BY PETER OSNOS ENTITLED "BUSH PROMOTES WORLD CONSERVATIVE GROUP," PUBLISHED IN THE WASHINGTON POST JUNE 25, 1983, SUBMITTED BY DAVID CARLINER 1

LONDON, June 24.-Vice President Bush joined other leading conservative politicians from 19 countries today in launching the International Democrat Union, an organization, Bush said, to "carry on the great work of promoting democracy."

British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and the prime ministers of Denmark and Norway were on hand. They were among representatives of parties in 14 European countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States that are members of the group.

In addition to Bush, the United States was represented by Republican National Committee Chairman Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. His Democratic counterpart, Charles T. Manatt, was present, but only as "an observer."

For the Europeans especially, such intraparty organizations are nothing particularly new. The Socialist International is a longstanding group with members from 40 countries who meet regularly, and European conservatives formed a similar organization in 1978.

But American participation reflects an initiative that began with the Reagan administration and has drawn some support from Democrats as well for a more systematic effort to bolster democratic parties around the world. In his remarks today, Bush recalled that President Reagan pledged such an effort in a speech to the British Parliament a year ago.

The International Democrat Union's chairman, Alois Mock of the Austrian People's Party, picked up that theme in his opening statement, asserting: "Political ideas have no national frontiers, and we will not be slow to export ours. For too long many of us have left the promotion of ideas to the left.'

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Bush, Thatcher, Kohl and other speakers stressed the contrast between their own democratic societies and the repression in communist nations. "Ten years ago,' Thatcher said "people were writing about the crisis of democracy. Today attention has turned to the crisis of state socialism."

The vice president singled out U.S. support for the "free nations" of Central America, which he said are receiving "the aid they need to build and perfect democracies of their own."

Speaking at the start of an eight-nation European trip in which he will explain administration policy in Central America, Bush pointed out that U.S. economic assistance to the region is three times as great as the military aid earmarked to help the countries "resist attempts at subversion by forces beholden to totalitarian powers.'

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Later, at a press conference, Bush acknowledged that many Europeans, including some from countries represented in the new conservative organization, are uneasy about U.S. intentions in Central America. "Our objectives are honorable," Bush said. "We just haven't gotten out as well as we should what motivates this president in Central America."

1Copyright the Washington Post.

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This morning Bush conferred with Thatcher and her new foreign secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe. Saturday he flies to West Germany and later will visit other countries including Scandinavia and Ireland.

The union brings together the European Democrat Union and a similar group formed last year by the Pacific countries. It will be based at the headquarters of Britain's Conservative Party and in time is likely to be one of the agents of the U.S. program to boost democratic parties. A bill for the establishment of a National Endowment for Democracy has been passed by the House, although its exact nature is still not fixed.

APPENDIX 2

EXCERPTS FROM "CRITIQUE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE'S COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1982," SUBMITTED BY AMERICAS WATCH, HELSINKI WATCH, AND THE LAWYERS COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS

INTRODUCTION

In evaluating the Country Reports on Human Rights

Practices for 1981, the Lawyers Committee for International
Human Rights, the Americas Watch and the Helsinki Watch found
them to be:

an invaluable source of information about
the human rights situation world-wide.
Though most of the work in compiling the
Country Reports has been carried on
responsibly and effectively by the
Department of State, political biases are
evident in some of the reports. There is
no general overstatement of human rights
abuses in countries with which United
States relations are not friendly. Nor
is there any general understatement of
abuses in countries friendly to the United
States: Rather, distortions in the report-
ing seem to reflect efforts to further
political ends relating to particular
countries.

The same general assessment applies to 1982 with
the qualification that, in several instances, the reporting
has improved. A number of the improvements appear to have
been made in specific response to the criticisms we made of
the previous year's reports. We commend the Department of
State for its attentiveness to criticisms and for its evident
concern to improve the standards of reporting.

Unfortunate

ly, despite what we take to be that concern for improvement, in in a couple of the country reports we examine here, the

24-825 0-84--13

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