heartily responded to. The procession, headed by the Flint Cadets, in columns of four, began to move; the band, tired and worn out, playing old familiar airs, marched to the band room, where the Cadets formed into line and presented arms as the band passed up stairs into their rooms, amidst the hurrahs, the clapping of hands and waving of handkerchiefs-such a scene as was never known here before. Old men and young men, on the march to the rooms, so overcome with excitement and joy in seeing the band return, having borne the heat and burden of the day, and coming home victorious, fairly hugged the members, so anxious were they to be near them. The band was composed as follows: J. Henry Gardner, leader and E flat cornet. Bernhard G. Berger, E flat clarionet. Eugene Parsoll, first B flat tenor. John Shroder, second B flat tenor. Charles Mack, second E flat tuba. E. W. Murray, Drum Major. THE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. This organization was introduced into Michigan about the year 1844, the Grand Lodge having been organized at Detroit November fifth of that year. There are at the present time 275 working lodges, with a membership of about 14,000. The “Encampment of Patriarchs" is an advanced grade of Odd Fellowship, holding a relation to that fraternity somewhat analagous to that which the Knights Templar hold to Masonry. The Right Worthy Grand Encampment was organized at Kalamazoo, February 4, 1847. There are at this time in the State eighty-eight subordinate encampments, with a membership of nearly 3,000. The Odd Fellows of Michigan were represented by an excursion to Philadelphia, leaving Detroit September fifteenth, going by way of the Canada Southern, Erie and Lehigh Valley railroads, and returning by way of New York. The excursion embraced members of the order, with their families and friends, from all parts of the State, numbering about 2,000 persons, about one-half of whom were members of the order. Detroit Encampment, No. 1, Uniformed Patriarchs, was the only organized feature of the excursion. This body sent about forty members, uniformed and bearing swords. The Grand Lodge of the United States being in session at Philadelphia, was the occasion of bringing together representatives of the order from all parts of the country, culminating in a grand procession September twentieth. Of this procession, and the participation of the Detroit Patriarchs in it, a press dispatch gives the following account: season. Over fifty thousand persons were in the line of march, being the largest procession of the There were seventy-five bands. Detroit took the honor, as usual. All along the route they were cheered and applauded. You heard the cry, "They're the boss company," "They are the Detroit company." The fancy movements were highly applauded by members of the Grand Lodge. An immense crowd thronged the line of march, and Detroit may well feel proud of her company of Patriarchs. Every man did his best, and every movement was well executed. The Patriarchs are in fine spirits to-night, and feel highly flattered over the laurels they have gained. The officers of the Grand Lodge and of the Grand Encampment for the year 1876, were: GRAND LODGE OFFICERS. John N. Ingersoll, M. W. Grand Master, Corunna. George Dean, R. W. G. Rep. G. L. U. S., Detroit. GRAND ENCAMPMENT OFFICERS. O. W. Oviatt, M. W. Grand Patriarch, St. Joseph. J. W. Ely, W. Grand Inside Sentinel, Allegan. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. This is a secret organization of quite recent date, the first lodge being said to have been formed in Washington in 1864. A membership in the entire country of 100,000 was claimed in 1872, with some variations but no increase up to 1876, when the number of lodges was given at 1,526, and the membership at 100,000. The fraternity has for its motto Friendship, Charity and Benevolence, and claims to have chosen its name as exemplifying the devoted friendship represented by the legend of Damon and Pythias. Olympic Lodge, No. 1, the first lodge in Michigan, was organized in Detroit on March 15, 1871, by Supreme Chancellor Samuel Read, of New Jersey. Among the prominent members at that time were W. S. Wood, now of Coshocton, Ohio, John Hosmer, C. H. Horton, George C. Chandler, M. S. Smith, Thomas H. Armstrong, and others. At the present time there are twenty-eight lodges in Michigan, with a membership, January 1, 1876, of over 1,000. The Supreme Lodge of the United States met in Philadelphia August twenty-third, calling together representatives from different parts of the country. The occasion embraced a parade on August twenty-sixth, which was participated in by a delegation from Michigan, including representatives from Pythian lodges in Saginaw, Bay City, Detroit, Hastings and Flint, all uniting under the banner of Rowena Lodge, No. 29, of Jackson. The visit of these parties to Philadelphia was made the occasion of an excursion under the auspices of the order, in which some four hundred persons, including members of the order and their friends, participated. OTHER EXCURSIONS. The Mechanics and Inventors' Association, of Detroit, of which Thomas S. Sprague is president, H. F. Eberts, treasurer, and H. S. Sprague, secretary, is organized as an agency generally for procuring patents and other similar work in connection with mechanical inventions. Two large excursions under the auspices of the association, leaving Detroit September twelfth and twenty-eighth respectively, visited the Centennial-the first numbering 1,641 persons, and the second over 1,000 persons. Two large excursions, known as farmers' excursions, although not confined exclusively to that class, were gotten up chiefly under the management of the proprietors of the "Michigan Farmer." They were quite successful in every feature. There were a number of other minor excursions during the season. These were chiefly private enterprises, yielding pecuniary profits to the managers, but they demand mention as part of the great tide that flowed from Michigan to the Centennial Exhibition. RATES OF FARE AND RAILWAY ROUTES. Early in the season, through the concurrent action of railway passenger agents, the rates of fare from the west to Philadelphia, during the Exhibition, were fixed at twenty-five per cent below the regular schedule, the arrangement taking effect May first, and all tickets purchased to be good until November first. The fare for the round trip from Detroit under this arrangement was $23.40. This rate continued until September thirteenth, when through competition the price was reduced to $18. The regular fare one way between Detroit and Philadelphia was, at the opening of the Exhibition, $16.25, but early in June it was reduced to $12, and later in the same month it was further reduced by competition to nine dollars, which rate was maintained during the balance of the season, the ticket conditioned that it should be used within five days. Commutation rates to excursions were $14 for the round trip, tickets good for sixty days. On all round trip tickets one dollar was added where the purchaser desired to return by way of New York. The principal routes taken by Michigan people were: 1. By the Canada Southern, Erie and Lehigh Valley railways to Philadelphia, returning by way of the New Jersey Southern or Pennsylvania Central to New York, thence by the Erie and Canada Southern; 2. By the Great Western, New York Central, and Northern Central, to Philadelphia, returning by the Pennsylvania Railroad to New York, thence homeward by the New York Central and Great Western railways. A FINANCIAL COMPUTATION. The number of persons registered at the Michigan Building during the Exhibition is stated by Mr. Secretary Noble, in his final report to the Board of Managers (page 476 of this work), at nearly 32,000. It seems hardly probable that this number of people from Michigan visited the Exhibition. A prevalent social lawlessness, it is believed, prompted many persons who visited the Michigan Building to register their names, who were not residents of the State, to prevent which no efficient check could be devised. To attempt to say what number were thus improperly registered would be mere guess-work. If we accept 30,000 as the number from Michigan, and $20 as the average cost of transportation, the expenditure for this item would amount to $600,000. Presuming that each person would consume, on an average, two weeks' time, at an average daily expense of three dollars, for 30,000 persons, would give an aggregate of $1,260,000, which, added to the cost of transportation, would be $1,860,000 as the amount expended by the people of Michigan in visiting the Centennial Exhibition. Although these figures are made from very uncertain data, they are below the general aggregates of other computations, and do not take into account extra expenses to which exhibitors were subjected, cost of transportation, etc. APPENDIX. MEN CONCLUDING NOTES ON THE CENTENNIAL. MICHIGAN PEOPLE AT THE EXHIBITION. ENTION is made following only of those Michigan people who were officially connected with the Exhibition, or whose continued attendance there was worthy of special note. The attendance of members of the State Centennial Board at the Exhibition is spoken of in other parts of this work. The Secretary, Mr. Noble, with the exception of a short visit to Detroit during the summer, was at Philadelphia from the latter part of April until December, giving his undivided attention to the duties of his position, and being aided at the Michigan headquarters by Mrs. Noble and daughter. Mr. Samuel Brady, in charge of the mineral exhibit, was in attendance from July until the close of the Exhibition. Dr. Jacokes, in charge of the educational department, spent a large portion of the summer there. Mr. Ilgenfritz, in the agricultural department, was there during the entire period, and received from the executive committee of the State Agricultural Society a unanimous resolution of thanks for his services. Mr. H. S. Fralick was also an attendant at the Michigan Building during the last three months of the Exhibition. Mr. Bronson Howard and Mr. Henry S. Clubb, both of whom are contributors to this volume, were in attendance at the Exhibition during its continuance. Of the judges of award, two were given to Michigan. Professor J. C. Watson, of the State University, was appointed to Group xxv, comprising philosophical instruments and apparatus, such as instruments of precision, research, experiment, and illustration. T. T. Lyon, Esq., of South Haven, was one of the judges in pomology. THE PRESS OF MICHIGAN. A printed history of the press of Michigan, prepared by Thomas S. Applegate, of the "Adrian Times," at the request of Governor Bagley, was included in the Michigan educational exhibit at the Centennial Exhibition. It was |