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CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Elected.

1812 Rev. Francis Parkman, Boston, U.S.

1812 Peter Mark Roget, M.D. Edin., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.R.A.S.. F.R.G.S., &c., London.

1813 Very Rev. William Buckland, D.D. Oxon., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.G.S., Hon. F.C.P.S., Dean of Westminster, Deanery, Westminster.

1814 Alexander Blair, L.L.D., London.

1815 Benjamin Smith Barton, M.D., Philadelphia.

1816 Thomas Stackhouse.

1816 George Cumming, M.D., Edin., L.R.C.P., Denbigh.

1816 John Wakefield Francis, M.D., Bond-street, New York.

1817 John Bradbury, New York.

1817 George Cantrell, Eaton.

1818 Willis Earle, Calcutta.

1819 John Stanley, M.D., Edin., Whitehaven.

1819 and 1825 Rev. W. Scoresby, D.D., F.R.S.S.L. and E., &c., &c. 1820 Joseph Carne, F.R.S., M.R.I.A., F.G.S., &c., Penzance, Cornwall. 1823 John Reynolds.

1824 Rev. H. Jones.

James Thomson, Mexico.

1827 Rev. William Hincks, F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.B.S.E., Queen's College, Cork. 1828 Rev. Brock Aspland, Duckinfield, Cheshire.

1831 Charles Pope, Portishead, Bristol.

John Ashton Yates, M.R.G.S., Bryanston-square, London.

1833 Professor Traill, M.D. Edin., F.R.C.P.E., F.R.S.E., F.G.S., &c., Edinburgh.

1833 Earl of Harrowby, P.C., D.C.L., Sandon-hall, Staffordshire.

1833 James Yates, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c., Lauderdale-house, Highgate, London.

1834 William Macdowall Tartt.

1835 George Patten, A.R.A., London.

1835 William Ewart, M.P., Cambridge-square, Hyde-park, London.

1835 Henry, Lord Brougham and Vaux, M.A., F.R.S., &c., &c., &c.

1835 Francis, Earl of Ellesmere, D.C.L., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.S.A., &c., London. 1835 Samuel Angell, Gower-street, Bedford-square, London.

1836 H. B. Robinson, London.

1836 Chevalier de Kirkhoff, Antwerp.

1837 Earl of Burlington, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., M.R.I.A., F.G.S., F.R.G.S.. F.C.P.S., F.Z.S., &c., Belgrave-square, London.

1838 Professor Airey, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., Hon. F.R.S.E., Hon. M.R.I.A., F.R.A.S., F.Č.P.S., &c., Astronomer Royal, Greenwich.

1840 James Naysmith, Patricroft.

1840 Richard Duncan Macintosh, L.R.C.P., Exeter, Devonshire.

1841 Charles Bryce, M.D., Glasg., Fell. F.P. and S.G., Socio dell' Accad. de Lin. Roma., Ludlow.

1842 J. W. Dixon, Cape of Good Hope. 1844 George Chater, Norwich.

1844 J. B. Jukes, M.A., F.R.S., F.G,S., Local Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin.

1844 Professor Edward Forbes, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Hon. F.C.P.S., University, Edinburgh.

1844 T. B. Hall, Coggeshall, Essex.

1844 Peter Rylands, Warrington.

1844 Professor Scouler, M.D., Royal Society, Dublin.

1844 Professor T. Rymer Jones, F.R.S., F.Z.S., F.L.S., M.R.C.S.E., &c., King's College, London.

1844 W. H. White, M.B.S., London.
1844 Robert Patterson, Belfast.
1844 Signor L. Bellardi, Turin.
1844 Signor Michelotti, Turin.

1844 M. L. Phillips, Brighton.

1844 Thomas Bell Salter, M.D. Edin., M.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., F.L.S., F.B.S.E., Ryde, Isle of Wight.

1844 Professor Alger, Boston, U.S.

1844 Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.A. Cantab., F.R.S., F.G S., Cardew, Cornwall.

1844 Il Cavaliere Carlo Passerini, Pisa.

1844 Professor William Carpenter, M.D., Edin., M.R.C.S.E., F.R.S., F.G.S..

London University.

1846 Rev. Professor Baden Powell, M.A., Oxon, F.R.S., F.R.A.S., F.G.S.. &c., Oxford.

1847 Sir William Rowan Hamilton, LL.D., Hon. F.R.S.E., M.R.I.A.. F.R.A.S., F.C.P.S., Hon. F.C.P.S., &c., Astronomer Royal of Ireland, Dublin.

1849 Thomas Nuttall, F.L.S., Rainhill, Lancashire.

1849 Rev. Thomas Corser, M.A., Stand, Bury.

1850 Rev. St. Vincent Beechey, M.A. Cantab. Worsley, near Eccles.

1851 James Smith, F.R.SS.L. and E., F.G.S., Jordan-hill, Glasgow.

1851 Henry C. Pidgeon, Putney College, and 37, Berners-street, London.

1851 Rev. Robert Bickersteth Mayor, M.A. Cantab. Fell. St. John's. Cantab., F.C.P.S., Rugby.

1851 George Johnston, M.D. Edin., LL.D. Aberd., F.R.C.S. E., Berwickupon-T -Tweed.

1852 Thomas Spencer, London.

1852 William Reynolds, M.D., Coed-du, Denbighshire.

1853 Rev. James Booth, LL.D., F.R.S, &c., Wandsworth, Surrey.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

OF LIVERPOOL.

SESSION FORTY-THREE, 1853-4.

FIRST MEETING.

ROYAL INSTITUTION.-October 17, 1853.

JOSEPH DICKINSON, M.D., F.L.S., &c., PRESIDENT, in the Chair.

The SECRETARY read the following Report of the retiring Council:In surrendering their trust into the hands of the members, the Council cannot but congratulate the Society on the successful termination of the Forty-second Session.

During the past Session the following gentlemen have been added to the list of ordinary members: namely, Rev. A. Fischel, Messrs. William Lassell, jun., John Brewer, Wm. Ferguson, Henry J. Cauty, Morris C. Jones, F. P. Marrat, Dr. D. Cohen, Mr. James Rowe, and Rev. J. W. Milner; and the name of Mr. William Jevons has been transferred from the list of corresponding to that of ordinary members.

The Council have to regret the removal, by death, of Mr. Edward Hebson.

Resignations have been received from the following gentlemen: namely, Messrs. F. Brent, John Conway, Henry Curry, S. M. South, Dr. Trench, Dr. M'Naught, and Mr. John Wybergh, jun.

The names of Messrs. Robert Rockliff, R. B. Reid, E. B. Spence, C. J. Ross, Dr. Parr, and Dr. R. H. Brett, have been removed from the list of members under the operation of the second law, which provides that, "if any member shall omit to pay his subscription for three consecutive years, his connexion with the Society shall cease."

The Society now numbers 199 members; namely, 133 ordinary, and 66 corresponding.

During the session the following papers, many of which are of great interest, have been read, namely:

"On Time-balls and Sympathetic Clocks," by Mr. Hartnup.

"On some Greek Inscriptions at Ince Blundell," by Mr. Yates. "On the Earthquake of the 9th Nov., 1852," by Mr. J. P. G. Smith. "On the Coffees of Commerce," by Mr. H. S. Evans.

"On the true Mythological Conception of Janus," by Dr. Ihne. "On the Rheno-Danubian barrier of the Roman Empire," by Mr.. James Yates.

"An Account of an Explosion in a Granite Quarry at the village of Furnace, on the western shore of Loch Fine," by Mr. John James Moss. "On the Trustworthiness of the Account respecting the Regal Period of the Roman History," by Dr. Ihne.

"Who was Macbeth?" by Dr. Hume.

"On the Occurrence in this Country of Bombycella Carolinensis, Bombycella garrula, and Merops Apiaster," by Mr. W. Ferguson.

"On the Practical Application of Comparative Philology," by the Rev. Arthur Ramsay.

"On the Deviation of the Compass on board Iron Steamers proceeding to the Southern Hemisphere," by Mr. Towson.

"Architecture and Nature," by Mr. Samuel Higgins.

"On the History of Nautical Terms," by the Rev. J. S. Howson. "On the Fall of an Aerolite in Corrientes, one of the Argentine Provinces, in January, 1844," by Mr. H. E. Symonds.

"On the History, Present Position, and Future Prospects of the Literary and Philosophical Society," by Dr. Hume.

"Results of Meteorological Observations taken at the Liverpool Observatory during the two years ending December, 1852," by Mr. Hartnup.

"On the General Character of Storms which pass over the British Isles, with some Practical Suggestions, by which the damage occasioned by them may be diminished," by Mr. W. Stevenson.

Donations to the Library have been received from the following individuals and Societies, namely:-The Right Hon. Lord Londesborough, the Rev. Dr. Hume, Mr. Sansom, the Rev. Dr. Booth, Dr. Turnbull, Messrs. Chambers, Royal Society of Edinburgh, Liverpool Architectural and Archæological Society, Committee of the Salford Free Library, Committee of the Liverpool Free Public Library, Royal Astronomical Society, Society of Arts, Historic Society of Lancashire

and Cheshire, Royal Institution of Great Britain, Literary and Philosophical Societies of Hull and Manchester, Royal Irish Academy, and the Peace Conference Committee.

The Council refer with great pleasure to two resolutions passed by the Society during the early part of the session.

Ist. "That Visitors be admitted at the commencement of the meeting." 2nd. "That the privilege of attending the public meetings be given to the presidents and secretaries, ex officio, of such societies as meet in the Royal Institution, or may be approved by the Society."

In accordance with the last mentioned regulation, the Society, on the recommendation of the Council, invited the attendance, at our meetings, of the President and Secretary of the Polytechnic Society, Architectural and Archæological Society, Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, and the Chemists' Association.

This has been most gracefully acknowledged by these societies, and the same privilege has been extended to the officers of this society in

return.

Your Council are fully aware of the desirableness of encouraging that friendly feeling which now exists between the learned Societies of the town, and in order to cultivate it more fully, the Council are of opinion that, when papers of public or general interest are to be brought before this Society, they should be authorized to invite the members of other Societies and the public to attend the meeting.

Invitations of this nature were received during the Session from the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, to attend a day meeting on the 5th May, and also from the Chemists' Association, to attend the exhibition, by Mr. Staite, of the Electric Light, in the Theatre of the Royal Institution, on the 29th April.

Both these invitations were gladly accepted by the members of this Society, and the meetings were numerously attended.

The Council refer with satisfaction to a most agreeable re-union of the Societies at the celebration of the centenary of the birthday of William Roscoe, on the 8th March last. On this occasion the members of the learned Societies of the town, with their friends, met together (1,200 in number), at a public breakfast in the Philharmonic-hall, under the presidency of the Right Hon. the Earl of Sefton, Lord-Lieut. of the County, when we were also honoured with the presence of our excellent Chief Magistrate, the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, and other distinguished visitors.

The opening of the valuable museum presented to the town by the Earl of Derby followed, and the day's proceedings closed with an

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