CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

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Adaptation of Food to Animals-Animal Manufacturers-Brigands-

Messmates-Mutualists-Theory of Spontaneous Generation xiii

CHAPTER I.

ANIMAL MESSMATES.

Definition-Free Messmates-Fixed Messmates

CHAPTER II.

FREE MESSMATES.

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Found in all Classes-Fierasfers in Holothuridae-Pilot Fish-
Remora-Crustacean Messmates-Poisoning by Mussels-Pearl
Mussel and small Crab-Dromia-Turtle Crabs-Macrourous
Decapods-Hermit Crabs-Friendship of Pagurus and Anemone
-Isopods - Messmates on Whales - Molluscan Messmates-
Lerneans - Distomes-Messmates of the Echinodermata-Of
Sponges-Infusorial Messmates

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CHAPTER III.

FIXED MESSMATES.

Cirrhipedes - Importance of Embryology-Recurrent Development

-Messmates, characteristic of the various Species of Whales

-Cirrhipedes on Sharks - Crustaceans, Messmates on other

Crustaceans Cirrhipedes on Molluscs - Bryozoa - Fossil

Messmates-Messmates on Sponges-Spicules of Hyalonema-

Ophiodendrum

CHAPTER IV.

MUTUALISTS.

Definition Ricinidae-Trichodectes of Dog harbouring Larva of

Tænia-Arguli-Caliguli-Ancei-Praniza-Cyami-Nematode

Mutualists-Strange form of Histriobdella-Egyptian Distome

in Man

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Distinction between Parasites and Carnivora-Parasites found on all

Classes of Animals-Males dependent on Females-Parasites on

Man-Abundant Parasites in Stork-All the Organs nourish

Parasites Different size of Male and Female-Lerneans-

Diplozoa-Migration of Parasites-Corresponding Changes of

Form-Parasites restricted to certain Regions-Former Theory

of Spontaneous Generation

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CHAPTER VI.

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PARASITES FREE DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE.

Leeches-Vampires-Cylicobdella-Branchellions-Gnats-Black-
flies-Mosquitoes-Gnats in high Latitudes-Tsetse-Ox-flies-
Pteropti-Nycteribia-Bugs-Lice-Fleas-Itch Insect-Acari

on Beetles and Bees-Cheyletus eruditus

CHAPTER VII.

PARASITES FREE WHILE YOUNG.

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Isopod Parasites - Chigoe-Ticks-Pigeon-mite-Bopyride-Ich-

thoxenus - Peltogasters-Tracheliastes-Penella-Lerneans-

Leptodera of Snail - Nematodes in Bones-

PARASITES THAT ARE FREE WHEN OLD.

Utility of Ichneumons-Scoliæ of Tan-beetles-Scolyti of Seychelles
Cocoa-nut Trees - Elms at Brussels destroyed by Scolyti

-Polynema in Eggs of Dragon-fly-Sphex - Platygaster-

Horse-fly-Livingstone-Animals in Paraguay destroyed by

Hippobosci-Dipterous Parasites on Sheep and Stag-Gordius—

Shower of Worms-Eels in Ears of Corn

CHAPTER IX.

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PARASITES THAT MIGRATE AND UNDERGO

METAMORPHOSES.

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Nostosites-Xenosites-Hosts serving as a Crèche, a Vehicle, or a

Lying-in Hospital-Lamarck on Spontaneous Generation-Tre-

matodes-Monostomes-Sporocysts and Cercariæ-Passage from

one Host to another - Distomes - Flukes - Hemistomes

Amphistomes-Taniæ of the Dog and Wolf-Hydatids-Tania

solium in Man-Cysticercus of Pig-Cysticercus of Rabbit and

Hare passing into Dog-Conurus of Sheep-Bothriocephalus-

Linguatula in Negro-Strongyli-Trichinæ—Panic in Germany

-Vibriones in Corn-Echiuorrhynchus-Dicyema

CHAPTER X.

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PARASITES DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE.

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Strepsitera-Stylops-Rhipiptera-Tristomida-Epibdella - Diplo-
zoon, two Individuals-Polystomum of Frog-Gyrodactyles-
Cochineal Insect-Aphides-Phylloxera of Vine-An Acaris,
its Mortal Enemy-Ant-Cows - Bonnet's Theory of Germs-
The Reduvius personatus, a valuable enemy to the Bed-bug

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162

183

255

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG.

1.-Ophiodendrum abietinum on Sertularia abietina

2. Ricinus of the Pygarg

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3.-Caligulus elegans, female: ditto, natural size 4.-Different forms of the Bite of a Leech

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