want to earn money, or they want you to leave them alone otherwise. I think that's very important. When I look at the work release programs here and community centers it's one of the reasons why I say I think it's the best system in the country. They really lay it on in terms of building up these work release programs and community centers which is another word for halfway houses. I suppose they had me down to two houses and I spoke with them. I rapped with them and worked out these ideas with them and they say the idea of the community center work release program is perhaps the best thing yet in the correctional system. The idea of private industry and full wages within the institution would be second best. I think I can agree with them now. The work release program quality improved and I think it is a very good program. It could be improved but it's really in a sense outside some of the things the Department can do. I think the high rate of unemployment we now have, what is it, 6.2 percent is a crime control disaster. It's not just an employment effect-it's the crime control factor. So it's very obvious these men do have a hard time finding good jobs. One thing we could use, that is outside the jurisdiction of the Department, would be to create willingness on the part of our major employers, the Federal Government and private industry the National Capital area, to lean over backwards to find quality jobs for offenders. Now, the men tell me they have trouble in getting employment. Even though they are helped by the Department in job hunting. It's finding the job. Don't give me jazz, man, give me a job. That's what I hear. They want jobs and I think that is the area I could see the greatest work on.

Senator STEVENSON. We are talking about two things now, aren't we? Work release and the halfway house program.

Dr. TREBACH. In my mind they are the same thing. As far as I know the work release program operates in a way where a man is put into a community correctional center house and one of his conditions of staying there is to find a job. It isn't easy and they are in this status while he is in the correctional center. Some men do succeed but to get on work release from Lorton, but the great majority as I understand are literally in the correctional center and there in that status they are work release.

Senator STEVENSON. Can you give us any estimate as to the percentage of those who are in work release and who are actually getting work?

Dr. TREBACH. I can't.

Senator MATHIAS. I just want to make an observation. Somebody commented about culinary work having no value. I spent a good many hours in culinary work in the Navy and it had this value for me that everything else I have ever done since would be progress of a

sort.

Dr. TREBACH. While we're on that I want it known that I was an emptier of waste, a busboy, and I think everything has been up from then while I was going to college.

Senator MATHAIS. Then you understand my philosophy.

Dr. TREBACH. Excellently.

Senator MATHIAS. Almost anything that has happened since has been progress.

Senator STEVENSON. I have a suspicion there, Dr. Trebach, that even as things are now in the institutions, once released they end up working for less pay than they did in the institution if they can get a job.

Dr. TREBACH. They have part time. And these are compensated times. I tell you when doing the study for the coalition I found many people said to me look, we'll work on the Defense Department official. I asked them, our ranking officials, would you consider doing what you could with your economic power and they looked at me very oddly and said no. He said I'm worried about the fact there's a million people, that's the number he grabbed from the air and I'm going to do the same thing, you know some civilian employees of the Department are trimmed, and some civilian employees of the defense contractors are out of employment because of the 3-year constant cut in contracts and they are out of work for the next 3 years or so because of cuts in defense spending and they kept their noses clean. And you know, this is the philosophy that people have and so we've got to face the fact. I think that our policy is one of who has the responsibility to attack the unemployment problem with enormous vigor. You know, the felon is the last hired and the first fired. Senator STEVENSON. Thank you, Dr. Trebach.

Mr. Hardy, proceed.

Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Moore will give his remarks.

STATEMENT OF WARREN H. MOORE, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS

Mr. MOORE. Mr. Chairman, Senator Mathias, I will speak to four of the recommendations of the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia and give reference to the fifth. They are the Commission's recommendations for the establishment of director of counseling for the District of Columbia jail. That was 6.20 of the Commission's recommendations. The establishment of a diagnostic and outpatient clinic and a dependent facility was 6.21. And 6.30 of the establishment of a position for recreational segments of the District of Columbia jail program and the Department expanded its educational program as it is detailed; and just honorable mention of the health program to which Mr. Montilla has already alluded.

With reference to the establishment of a director of counseling at District of Columbia jail not being pursued-this recommendation along the budgetary route should be successful-we meant to but we failed to present a more innovative approach than we did need. We were fortunate in receiving a law enforcement system plan which became effective in March 1970 to establish a visitor's center in the vicinity of the District of Columbia jail. This center can be operated under contract, which concept originated in California, by a group known as visitors on the outside.

The staff in this particular activity is made up of volunteers. Many are professionals who go into the jail and interview the inmates and

counsel them. They count it an advantage not being officially a part of Corrections in the sense of employment. They are able, with professionals like attorneys and social agencies like the Welfare Department, to draw on existing resources to meet many of the counseling needs of the inmates of the District of Columbia jail. We have been quite pleased with the operation even though they have been in operation only a short period of time. I think this program started in March 1971.

Another program that we have instituted through cooperation with the American University Law School is the law-cor program. Senator STEVENSON. What program?

Mr. MOORE. The law-cor program. What Mr. Riley, the superintendent of District of Columbia jail and staff, found was that many of the problems came from inmates who were arrested and brought to the jail by the police department. Their cars were left parked and payments were not kept up-or he missed payments on the homeso there are many needs. Through cooperative efforts with American University we came up with this program where they regularly go into the District of Columbia jail and interview the inmates and speak of their problems of various kinds but mostly about civil matters. We have also expanded the role of the chaplain to include and go beyond the traditional conduction of religious services to help them with their family and so forth and in addition to our own staff which consists of three persons who work with the inmates about their own personal problems.

The other recommendations pertain to the new facility. I can say very briefly that the plans for the establishment of a diagnostic facility in connection with the new facility is still in our present plan. However, we might mention we have gone ahead and tried to meet at least part of the needs as reflected by the Commission. This relates to efforts of the Department of Vocation and Rehabilitation. We did examine the diagnostic center as a lawyer complex. We currently have planned application for grants with LEAA which would expand and enlarge there. Even if the grant does not come through we hope to expand this program. This would be a pilot project depending on when establishment of the District of Columbia jail program went into effect.

With reference to the recommendation for the hiring of recreational specialists for the District of Columbia jail-this has been accomplished and we do have professional personnel. But regarding the expansion of the educational program in the District of Columbia jail we have an additional person but we are still far behind here. I cannot say that we have fully met the terms of the recommendation of the President's Commission. In connection with the Court Reorganization Act-we do have some projects which we are hoping to add to our program at the District of Columbia jail in terms of the improvement of inmate records the general recommendation is made in the report. We have accomplished this by publishing a manual in January 1969 that has had the effect of improvements of some inmates' summaries. Going beyond this, however, we will be

submitting a recommendation by the 1st of July to transfer to the use of ADT, a status processing form, for the filing and retention of inmates' records. This would mean we would be able to make a variety of uses for a variety of information related to inmates.

Briefly I would like to say while we are not able to carry out our recommendation principally, as Mr. Montilla indicated, the public health service is not interested in taking over the health facilities, we were able to beef up our staff somewhat by nine persons to be exact. In addition to this we were fortunate to learn just today that we received favorable consideration of a grant proposal at LEAA to establish a psychiatric unit. Those services are very badly needed at the Lorton complex, which will serve inmates from all the correctional facilities who need psychiatric care.

Mr. HARDY. I think Mr. Moore violated one of the fundamental principles of management-that he knew something before I was told about it. It's quite all right.

Senator STEVENSON. That's a very impressive summary of your activities, Mr. Moore.

I will now place the charts submitted by the District of Columbia Department of Corrections in the record.

(The charts follow.)