you shall do us much pleasure, nor it shall not be unrewarded." "Sir," said I, "if it please your highness, after the departure of David Vincent from my lord at Scroby, who had then the custody thereof, leaving the same with my lord in divers bags, sealed with my lord's seal, he delivered the same money in the same bags sealed unto a certain priest (whom I named to the king), safely to keep to his use." "Is this true?" quoth the king. "Yea, Sir," quoth I, "without all doubt. 10 The priest shall not be able to deny it in my presence, for I was at the delivery thereof." "Well then," quoth the king, "let me alone, and keep this gear secret between yourself and me, and let no man be privy thereof; for if I hear any more of it, then I know by whom it is come to knowledge." "Three may," quoth he, "keep counsel, if two be away; and if I thought that my cap knew my counsel, I would cast it into the fire and burn it. And for your truth 20 and honesty ye shall be one of our servants, and in that same room with us, that ye were with your old master. Therefore go to Sir John Gage our vice-chamberlain, to whom I have spoken already to give you your oath, and to admit you our servant in the same room; and then go to my Lord of Norfolk, and he shall pay you all your whole year's wages, which is ten pounds, is it not so?" quoth the king. "Yes, forsooth, Sire," quoth I, "and I am behind thereof for three quarters of 30 a year." That is true," quoth the king, “for so

we be informed, therefore ye shall have your whole year's wages, with our reward delivered you by the Duke of Norfolk." And thus I departed from him.

And my Lord of Norfolk came from the council into the chamber of presence; as soon as he espied me, he came unto the window where I stood, to whom I declared the king's pleasure. Sir," quoth I, "would it please your Grace to move the king's majesty in my behalf, to 10 give me one of the carts and horses that brought up my stuff with my lord's (which is now in the Tower), to carry it into my country." "Yea, marry, will I," quoth he, and returned again to the king. And incontinent my lord came forth, and showed me how the king had given me six of the best horses that I could choose amongst all my lord's cart horses, with a cart to carry my stuff, and five marks for my costs homewards; and "hath commanded me," quoth he, "to deliver you 20 ten pounds for your wages, being behind unpaid; and twenty pounds for a reward;" who commanded me to receive both my money, my stuff, and horses, that the king gave me the next day at London and so I did. I received all things according, and then I returned into my country.

30

And thus ended the life of my late lord and master, the rich and triumphant Legate and Cardinal of England, on whose soul Jesu have mercy! Amen.

Finis quod G. C.

NOTES.

P. 1, 1. 2. poor man's son. Wolsey is usually said to have been son of a butcher. Whether this is so or not, his father Robert Wolsey was a man of substance, and owned considerable property in Ipswich.

3. born probably in 1475.

13. Fellow of Magdalen College, about 1497.

15. Lord Marquess Dorset. Thomas Grey, first Marquis of Dorset, son of Elizabeth Woodville (who afterwards married Edward IV.) and Sir John Grey.

P. 2, 1. 6. benefice of Limington in Somerset.

12. depart out of this present life, in 1501.

20. Sir John Nanphant is a mistake for Sir John's father, Sir Richard Nanfan, who was Deputy of Calais and employed Wolsey. P. 3, 1. 1. promoted to the king's service, as chaplain to Henry VII., about 1507.

12. Doctor Fox, Bishop of Winchester. Richard Fox (d. 1528) was in succession Bishop of Exeter, Durham, and Winchester; he was Lord Privy Seal to Henry VII. and Henry VIII., founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and a friend of the New Learning.

14. Sir Thomas Lovell, knight (d. 1524) was at different times Speaker of the House of Commons, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Constable of the Tower (1509), and Surveyor of the Court of Wards.

24. out of this present life, April 1509. Henry VII. had in February made Wolsey Dean of Lincoln.

P. 4, 1. 1. Queen Katharine, daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon, married (1) in 1501 to Henry VII.'s eldest son, Arthur, Prince of Wales, and (2) in 1509 to Henry VIII.

14. the almoner. Henry VIII. at once on his accession made Wolsey 'Almoner' or distributor of charity. This office was always held by an ecclesiastic. See Glossary.

20. house at Bridewell. It had an orchard and twelve gardens, stretching right to the Thames, and stood south of Fleet Street, where Salisbury Square and Dorset Street now arę.

21. Empson had been one of Henry VII.'s chief agents for extorting money from the people. He was executed in 1510 on a charge of high treason.

27. filed tongue, smooth and winning speech.

P. 6, ll. 21, 22. wars between England and France. Henry VIII. had in 1511 joined the Holy League with the Pope, the Emperor, Spain and Venice against France. In 1512 Wolsey organised an expedition against France which failed. In 1513 the expedition which Cavendish here describes was planned by Wolsey and was fairly successful. From this time till his death Wolsey was the director of our foreign policy, and it was largely through his skill that England's friendship became important to Spain and the Emperor, the two greatest powers in Europe. He aimed at making

England "the tongue of the balance" between them.

P. 7, 1. 12. Thérouanne and Tournay, towns in Flanders, both episcopal sees, were taken in 1513 after Henry VIII. had defeated Louis XII. of France at the Battle of the Spurs.

23. Bambridge, or Bainbrigg, was first made Bishop of Durham, in 1508 translated to the archbishopric of York, in 1511 was made a cardinal, and in 1514 was poisoned by his own steward.

26. three bishopricks in one year, 1514. He became Bishop of Lincoln in February, Archbishop of York in September, and Bishop of Tournay between the two dates. When he was translated to York he gave up Lincoln.

31. Primas Angliæ. Primate of England.

P. 8, 1. 1. Canterbury. William Warham became Lord Chancellor in 1503 and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1504.

7. primas totius Angliæ, Primate of all England. 24. Priest Cardinal, 1515. Cardinals are of three kinds, Cardinal Bishops, Cardinal Priests, and Cardinal Deacons. Each Cardinal Priest takes his title from some ancient parish church in Rome. Wolsey was Cardinal Priest of St. Cecily beyond Tiber.

Legatus de latere was a special legate appointed directly from Rome. The Archbishop of Canterbury was legatus natus, or ordinary legate of the Pope, but such an extraordinary commission as Wolsey's gave him precedence over the legatus natus. It was not till 1518 that Wolsey became legatus de latere.

P. 9, 1. 8. Chancellor in 1515.

9. dismissed is inaccurate. Warham had for some time wished to resign, and did so two days before Wolsey's appointment. 30. bishoprick of Durham in 1523.

Abbey of St. Albans in 1521. Wolsey was made abbot, though he was not a monk, but held the office in commendam only. See

next note.

31. in commendam means in trust or keeping. This phrase was used when benefices were given to persons who enjoyed their revenues without performing the duties attached to them.

P. 10, 1. 1. Fox died in 1528.

4. in ferme, in farm, that is, at a fixed rental. This means that Wolsey paid a yearly sum in return for the right of drawing what revenues he could from these bishoprics.

Bath. Wolsey resigned the bishopric of Bath and Wells in 1523.

P. 12, 1. 25. Venus, goddess of Love.

P. 13, 1. 1. Sir Thomas Boleyn was made Earl of Wiltshire on 8th Dec. 1529. His wife was the Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of the Duke of Norfolk.

3. Anne Boleyn was born in 1507, married Henry VIII. in 1533, and was beheaded in 1536.

P. 15, 1. 31. Bishop of Bath. This is a mistake. Campeggio was never Bishop of Bath, but was Bishop of Salisbury from 1524 to 1534.

P. 16, 1. 6. it came. Campeggio reached London in October 1528.

P. 17, l. 10. Dr. Stephens (d. 1555) was Dr. Stephen Gardiner, who had been secretary first to the Duke of Norfolk and then to Wolsey. On Wolsey's fall he became Secretary of State, and in 1531 was made Bishop of Winchester; in 1550 he was deprived and was a state prisoner most of Edward VI.'s reign; on Mary's accession in 1553 he was made Lord Chancellor and restored to his see of Winchester.

17. Sampson, Richard (d. 1554), gained his first promotions in Wolsey's service. He helped Henry to obtain his divorce, was made Bishop of Chichester in 1536, and in 1542 was translated to the bishopric of Coventry and Lichfield.

18. Bell, John (d. 1556), was an ecclesiastical lawyer much consulted by Wolsey. He was Bishop of Worcester from 1539 to 1543. 20. Peter. Sir William Peter or Petre (d. 1572) was Secretary of State in 1543.

22. Tregonell, afterwards Sir John Tregonell or Tregonwell, was one of Henry VIII.'s helpers in the dissolution of the monasteries.

24. Fisher, John, became Bishop of Rochester in 1504, opposed Henry VIII. in his efforts to get a divorce, and was executed in 1535.

25. Standish, Henry, doctor of divinity (d. 1535), a Franciscan friar, was made Bishop of St. Asaph in 1518.