P. 18, l. 1. Ridley, Robert, doctor of divinity (d. 1536), opposed the Reformation. He was uncle of Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London and Protestant martyr. P. 21, 1. 21. Mary, daughter of Henry VIII. and Katharine, reigned as queen from 1553 to 1558, and married in 1554 Philip, afterwards King of Spain, son of Charles V. French king, Francis I. 27. Arthur, Prince. See note on Queen Katharine, 4. I. P. 22, ll. 13, 14. my Lord of Lincoln. This was John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln from 1521 to 1547. P. 23, 1. 28. Wiltshire. See note on Boleyn, 13. 1. P. 24, 1. 22. other cardinal, that is, Campeggio. P. 28, 1. 4. Duke of Suffolk (d. 1545). Charles Brandon, created Duke of Suffolk in 1514, married Mary, sister of Henry VIII., soon after the death of her first husband, Louis XII. of France, in 1515. P. 30, 1. 3. the Moor. Moor Park in Hertfordshire. This P. 33, 1. 4. had but late of, had lately exacted from. probably refers to the amicable loan' of 1525, by which property owners were compelled to lend a certain sum to the king. 13. Norfolk. Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk from 1524 to 1554, the chief of the old nobles, was Wolsey's enemy. He was condemned for treason at the end of Henry VIII.'s reign, but escaped execution through Henry's death. He was released when Mary became queen. my Lord of Suffolk. See note on 28, 4. P. 34, 1. 19. Michaelmas Term. See term in Glossary. In 1529 Michaelmas Term began on October 9th. P. 35, 1. 25. delivered unto them the great seal, November 18th, 1529. P. 39, 1. 12. the Holy Cross, the cross upon which Christ was crucified. P. 40, 1. 4. Fool, said to have been named Master Williams. It was at this time a custom of great people to keep a jester, a witty fellow, who often, like Shakespeare's Touchstone in As You Like It, mixed much sound sense with his jesting. 10. took on. The fool's devotion shews, as does Cavendish's, that Wolsey was loved by the members of his own household. P. 41, 1. 4. Cromwell, Thomas, helped Henry to secure his divorce by suggesting he should declare himself head of the Church in England. He became Earl of Essex and Chancellor of England. He was executed for high treason in 1540. 18. diligent service. Wolsey had employed him to help him with suppressing the smaller monasteries, and also with the founding of the school at Ipswich and Cardinal College at Oxford. In 30. board's end was taken up, the table was cleared. noblemen's houses long tables were used; the lord and chief guests sat at the upper end, called "the lord's board-end." In the middle of each table stood a great salt-cellar; the more honoured guests were at the lord's side of this, the less, at the lower end. P. 45, 1. 6. Parliament. The Seven Years' Parliament, or the Reformation Parliament, which was to separate the English Church from the Papacy, was opened on November 3rd, 1529. 13. his room, post, appointment. This account is noteworthy, as it shews how Tudor officials managed elections to Parliament much as they chose. P. 46, 1. II. Bill of Articles, or Bill of Attainder against Wolsey to "attaint him of treason," was passed on Dec. Ist against him by the House of Lords, but it was thrown out by the Commons. 17. indict him in a praemunire. On Oct. 22nd, 1529, Wolsey signed an acknowledgment that he had deserved to suffer forfeiture of his goods under the Statute of Praemunire. Praemunire, 'to forewarn,' was the first word of the Statutes which in Edward III.'s reign had been enacted to check encroachments of foreign powers on the royal power. Wolsey was held to fall under these for having accepted legative authority. P. 47, 1. 23. Master Shelley, Sir William Shelley. P. 49, 1. 23. wrote my lord's recognisance. See Glossary. On Feb. 7, 1530, Wolsey gave up York Place. P. 50, 1. 20. fret his heart out. Letters Wolsey wrote at this time to Cromwell and to Gardiner shew his anguish of mind. (See Appendix to Singer's edition.) 23. Buttes, Dr. Butts, afterwards Sir William. P. 55, 1. 2. Winchester. On April 6th, 1529, the see of Winchester had been given to Wolsey 'in commendam,' 16. St. Albans. See note on 9. 30. P. 56, 1. 6. powers. Cromwell in this way made powerful friends, who later helped in his promotion. P. 58, 1. 4. Colet, John (d. 1519), was Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, from May 1505 to Sept. 1519. In 1512 he founded St. Paul's School. He was one of the truest friends of the New Learning. Paul's, St. Paul's Cathedral. P. 59, 1. 21. Peterborough. Here he stayed from Palm Sunday, April 10th, to the 21st, the Thursday in Easter week, 1530. P. 60, 1. 3. Palm Sunday, the Sunday before Easter Day, in 1530 April 10th. 7. Maundy Thursday, Thursday in Holy week, the day before Good Friday. 9. fifty-nine. It was usual to wash the feet of as many poor men as there had been years in one's life, but it is not safe to assume that Wolsey was now 59, for Cavendish, writing so long after, may have forgotten the precise number of men whose feet Wolsey washed. 15. Easter Day in 1530 fell on April 17th. P. 62, 1. 19. latter end of grease time, i.e. in September. 28. Michaelmas, the feast of the archangel Michael, celebrated on 29th September. P. 63, 1. II. seven, really twelve. P. 64, 1. 11. next Monday after All-hallown day would be Monday, November 7th. P. 65, 1. 1. went upon cloth, carpet laid down in the street to walk upon. 3. vamps of our hosen. 'Vamp' means the foot of a stocking; thus the phrase means 'in our stocking feet,' shoeless. II. for the close, that is, for the clergy of the cathedral, who lived in its 'close' or enclosed precincts. P. 66, 1. 19. Earl of Northumberland. This was Henry Algernon Percy, the sixth Earl of Northumberland. Born about 1502, he became a page in Wolsey's house; he fell in love with Anne Boleyn, but married in 1524 Mary, daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury. He became Earl in 1527. In 1536 he was one of the court to try Anne Boleyn, but when he saw her he grew faint and left the court. He died in 1537. 24. Friday, November 4th, 1530. P. 69, 1. 30. Doctor Augustine was Wolsey's Italian physician, who was a traitor to his master, having invented and told the Duke of Norfolk a lie, that Wolsey had asked the Pope to excommunicate the king if he did not part from Anne Boleyn. Augustine was arrested to deceive Wolsey, so that he should not suspect his disloyalty. P. 74, 11. 17, 18. foul evil, a loathsome disease. P. 75, 1. 1. Pomfret, Pontefract. 25. There was no abbey of the Blackfriars at Doncaster, but there were houses of the Grey and of the White Friars, and it was at one of these two that Wolsey passed the night. P. 76, 1. 2. Earl of Shrewsbury. Francis Talbot, died 1560, born 1500, became fifth Earl of Shrewsbury in 1538. At the coronation of Anne Boleyn he carried her sceptre. In 1536 and 1537 he helped his father in suppressing the Pilgrimage of Grace. He spent much of his life in defending the Scottish borders. P. 79, 18. Kingston, Sir William (died 1540), fought at Flodden, was knighted in 1513, tilted at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, helped in 1523 to defend the Scottish border, and in 1524 became Constable of the Tower. In 1530 he signed the petition to Pope Clement VII. to hasten the divorce. In 1533 he took an official part in Anne Boleyn's coronation, and in 1536 received her as a prisoner in the Tower. P. 82, 1. 6. Hardwick Hall, not Hardwick in Derbyshire, but Hardwick-upon-Line in Nottinghamshire. 26. Saturday, November 26th. 28. Monday, November 28th. P. 85, 1. 4. Hickden or Higden, John, was the first Dean of Cardinal College, the college Wolsey founded in Oxford, and held the office till 1535. In 1545 Cardinal College was refounded as Christ Church. P. 87, 5. St. Andrew's Eve, November 29th. P. 89, 1. 2. Richard II. Wolsey refers to the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, which was partly caused by Wickliffe's 'poor priests,' who attacked the Papacy and the monastic orders and preached church reform. 7. Oldcastle headed a Lollard rising against Henry V. in 1413. He died on November 29th, 1530. This was the church in Leicester Abbey. P. 90, 1. 1. departed. P. 91, 1. 6. church. QUESTIONS. CHAPTER I. I. Give some account of Wolsey's rise to power. 2. Describe in your own words, the 'order of Wolsey's going' to Westminster Hall. 3. What do you know of the condition of England at Henry VIII.'s accession? 4. What do you know of (1) Fox, (2) Sir John Nanphant, and (3) Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury? CHAPTER II. 1. What is your opinion of the character of Queen Katharine ? 2. If you had been Campeggio, would you have given the same decision in the divorce case as he gave? If not, what decision would you have given? Why? 3. Describe the events leading up to Queen Katharine's trial. 4. What light is thrown in this chapter on Henry VIII.'s character ? CHAPTER III. 1. Describe in your own words the reception of Wolsey at Grafton. 2. Was Wolsey's fall due to his own fault? 3. Give a sketch of Sir Henry Norris' character from all you learn of him in this chapter. 4. Describe in your own words Wolsey's interview with his servants at Esher. 5. What were the cloth of estate, the amicable loan, Michaelmas term? What do you know of the Duke of Norfolk? CHAPTER IV. 1. What do you learn from Cavendish of Tudor official methods as to (a) elections to parliament, (b) respect for property, |