But héerin, the better for conceyuing of my minde, and instruction of yoors, ye must gyue mee leaue a littl, az well to preface vntoo my matter, az to discoors sumwhat of Killyngwoorth Castl. A Territory of the right honorabl, my singular good Lord, my Lord the Earl of Leicester: of whooz incomparabl cheeryng and enterteynment thear vntoo her Maiesty noow, I will shew yoo a part heer, that coold not sée all; nor had I seen all, coold well report the hallf: Whear thynges, for the parsons, for the place, time, cost, deuisez, straungnes, and aboundauns, of all that euer 1 sawe (and yet haue I been, what vnder my Master Bomsted, and what on my oun affayres, whyle I occupied Merchaundize, both in Frauns and Flaunders long and many a day,) I saw none ony where so memorabl, I tell you plain. Killingwoorth Castl. The Castl hath name of Killingwoorth, but of truth grounded vppon feythfull storie, Kenelwoorth. It stonds in Warwykshyre, a lxxiiii. myle northwest from London, and az it wear in the Nauell of Englande†, foure myle sumwhat south from Couentree, (a propper Cittee,) and a lyke [†p. 3.] distauns from Warwyk, a fayre Sheere Toun on the North: In ayr sweet and hollsum, raised on an eazy mounted hill, iz sette eeuenlie coasted with the froont straight intoo the East, hath the tenaunts and Tooun about it, that pleasantly shifts from dale too Hyll, sundry whear wyth sweet Springs bursting foorth: and iz so plentifullie well sorted on euery side, intoo arabl, meado, pasture, wood, water, & good ayrz, az it appeerz to haue need of nothing that may perteyn too liuing or pleazure. Too anauntage1) hath it, hard on the West, still nourisht with many liuely Springs, a goodly Pool of rare beauty, bredth, length, deapth, and store of all kinde freshwaterfish, delicat, great, and fat, ane also of wildfooul byside. By a rare situacion and natural amitee seemz this Pool conioynd to the Castlz, that on the West layz the head (az it wear) vpon the Castlz boosom, embraceth it on either side, Soouth [a]nd North, with both the armz, settlz it self az in a reach a flightshoot brode2), stretching foorth body and legs a myle or to Westward; between a fayre Park on the one side, which by the †Braiz 3) is linked [†p. 4.] too the castl on the South, sprinckled at the entrauns with a feaw Coonyez, that for colour and smallnes of number seem too bée suffered more for pleasure then commoditée: And on the oother side, North and West, a goodlie Chase: wast, wyde, large, and full of red Deer and oother statelie gamez for hunting beautified with manie delectabl, fresh & vmbragioous Boow[r]z, Arberz, Setz, and walks, that with greath art, cost, & diligens, wear very pleazauntly appointed: 1) Orig. anauntage. 2) This passage may have two significations: one derived from the same expression which Laneham uses when speaking of the fire-works (p. 16), in which place it is understood to mean a flying shot, or one discharged from a mortar, The other.. supposing that a flight signified a small arrow; in contradistinction to shafts, quarrels, bolts, and piles. The latter of these is, however, the most pro; bable, as the pool itself was not more than 300 ft. in breadth.-Burn, p. 94Nichols, i. 427 (edit. 1823). 3) The old military word for an outwork defended by palisades, with watchtowers at intervals, to protect sentinels. See Le Duc, under braie. -E. H. Knowles. The Park at Kenilworth was separated from the Castle on the South side by a part of the pool. Burn, p. 94; Nichols, i. 427. which also the naturall grace by the tall and fresh fragrant treez & soil did so far foorth commend, az Diana her selfe might haue deyned thear well enough too raunge for her pastime. The leaft arme of this pool Northward, had my Lorde adooourned with a beautifull bracelet of a fair tym bred bridge, that iz of xiiii. foot wide, and a six hundred foot long: railed all on both sidez, strongly planked for passage, reaching from the Chase too the Castl: that thus in the midst hath clear prospect ouer théez pleasurz on the1) backpart: and forward, ouer all the Toun, and mooch of the Countree beside. Héertoo, a speciall commoditee at hand of sundrie quarreiz of large building stone, the goodnes whearof may the feazlyar be iudged in the bilding and auncienty of the Castl, that (az by the [*p. 5.] name & by storiez, well may be gathered) waz first reared by Kenulph, and hiz young sun and successor Kenelm2): born both indeed within the Ream héer, but yet of the race of Saxons: and reigned kings of Marchlond from the yeer of oour Lord .798. to .23. yéerz toogyther, aboue 770. yéer ago. Although the Castl hath one auncient, strong and large Kéep, that iz called Ceazarz Tour, rather (az I haue good cauz to think) for that it iz Guil. Mal- square and hye foormed, after the maner of Cezarz Fortz, then that mesb. li. 1. euer he bylt it. Florileg. 225. Nay, noow I am a littl in, Master Martin, ile tell you all. This Marchlond, that Storyerz call Mercia, iz numbred in their bookes, the foourth3) of the seauen Kingdomes that the Saxans had whilom heer diuided among them in the Ream. Began in Anno Domi. 616. 139. yéer after Horsins) and Engist continued in the race of a 17. Kings a .249. yéer togyther: and ended in Ann. 875. Reyzed from the rest (sayz the book) at first by Pendaz prezumption: ouerthroun at last by Buthreds Hascardy), and so fel to the kingdoom of the West Saxons. [*p. 6.] Mercia. +And Marchlond had in it, London, Mildelsex, héerin a Bishoprik; and Had more of Shyrez): Glocester, Woorcester, and Warwik, héerin a Bishoprick; Chester (that noow we call Chesshyre), Darby, - 1) Orig. &. 2) This is all gammon. <<Sir William Dugdale says, that the land on which the Castle is situate was given by King Henry I. to a Norman, named Geoffry de Clinton, his Lord Chamberlain and Treasurer, by whom the building was first erected.» Note in Gascoigne's Princely Pleasures, ed. 1821, p. 81. ") Robert Manning of Brunne makes it the sixth: be syxte was Merce, now ys Lyndeseye, pe hed toun þer to Lincolne lay. Stori of Inglande, 1. 14761-2, vol. ii. p. 512, ed. 1871, F. J. F. 4) Another copy reads «Horsus,» rectius Horsa. Nichols, 1788, i. 428. 5) Hask, harsh, Linc.: Bailey. «Hask, coarse, harsh, rough: Brockett. «An Haskarde, proletarius, ignobilis»: Levins. «Haskerde, a rough fellow»: Dekker. «Vilane hastarddis» [for hascarddis]. Percy's Rel. p. 25. — Halliwell. 6) See these (save Middlesex and Hertford) in English of ab. 1300 A. D. in the Life of St. Kenelm, in my Early English Poems and Lives of Saints, p. 48-9, 1. 21-42. Mercia is there called 'pe march of Wales.' and Staffoord, whervntoo one Bishop, that had also part of Warwik and Shrewsbery, and hiz See at Couentree, that waz then aforetime at Lychfeeld. Héertoo: Hereford, (wherin a Bishoprik, that had more too iurisdiction, half Shreusbury, part of Warwik, and also of Gloceter, and the See at Hereford;) Also had Oxford,. Buckingham, Hertford, Huntingdon, and halfe of Bedford, and too theez, Northampton1), part of Lecyter and also Lincoln, (whearvnto a Bisshop, whoz See at Lincoln Citee, that sumtime before waz at Dorchester.) Heerto, the rest of Leiceter & in Nottingham, that of old had a speciall Bishop, whooz See waz at Leyceter, but after, put to the charge of the Archbishop of Yorke. [ập. 7.] Vpon Tacit fol. 142. The Germains call werk, that we work. Werlt: Noow touching the name, that of olld Recordes I vnderstand, and of auncient writers I finde, iz calld Kenelworth. Syns most of the Worths in England stand ny vntoo like lakez, and ar eyther small Ilandz, such one az the seat of this +Castl hath been, & eazly may bee, or is londground by pool or riuer, whearon willoz, alderz, or such like doo gro: which Althamerus 2) writez precizely that the Germains cal Werd: Ioyning these too togither, with the nighness allso of the woords, and sybred 3) of the toongs, I am the bolder to pronoouns, that az our English Woorth), with the rest of our auncient langage, was leaft vs from the Germains: éeuen so that their Werd and our Woorth is all one thing in sign[i]fiauns, common too vs wood. So both, éen at this day. I take the case so cléer, that I say not az mooch as I moought. Thus proface ye") with the Preface. And noow to the matter. woorld. Wermut: woorm viel wert: So much woorth. On Saterday the nyenth of Iuly, at long Ichington, a Toun and Lordship of my Lord's, within a seauen) myle of Killingworth, hiz honor made her Maiesty great chéer at Dinner, and pleazaunt pastime in hunting by the wey after, that it was eight a clock in the euening ear her highness came too Killingwoorth. Whear, 1) Orig. Norhampton. 2) Andrew Althamer, a Lutheran minister of Nuremberg, who lived about 1560; he wrote several controversial works, and some valuable notes on Tacitus, from which the passage in the text is taken. See Dictionnaire Universel. p. 95; Nichols, i. 429. 3) A. Sax. sibræden, consanguinity. Burn, 4) The termination worth, which is mentioned in the text to signify land situate by water, is more properly derived from the Saxon 'ford', a court or farm; and hence the place was originally denominated Kenelm's Worth, or the Court of Kenelm. Burn, p. 95; Nichols, i. 429. 5) That is, 'I'. 6) Another copy erroneously states this town to be only three miles distant from Kenilworth. In Dr. Thomas's edition of Dugdale's Warwickshire, Lond. 1730, vol. i. p. 345, it is related that at the period mentioned in the text, «the Earl of Leicester gave the Queen a glorious entertainment here, in her passage to Kenilworth Castle, erecting a tent of extraordinary largeness for that purpose, the pins belonging whereto amounted to seven cart-loads; by which the magnificence thereof may be guessed at». Laneham also subsequently notices this circumstance, when speaking of the preparations for the Queen's reception at Kenilworth (p. 78). Burn, p. 95 (from Nichols's first edition of 1788, vol. i. p. 5); Nichols, ed. 1823, vol. i. p. 429. Sibyl. The Porter. in the Park, about a flightshoot from the Brayz, & first gate of the Castl, one of the ten Sibills, that (wée réed) wear all Fatidica and Theobulæ†), (az partiez and priuy too the Gods gracious good wilz), cumly clad in a pall1) of white sylk, pronounced a proper poezi in English rime and méeter2): of effect, hoow great gladnesse her goodnesse prezenze3) brought into euerie steed*) whear it pleazed her too cum, and speciall now into that place that had so long longed after the same: ended with prophesie certain, of mooch and long prosperitée, health, and felicitée: this, her Maiestie beningly accepting3), passed fooorth vntoo the next gate of the Brayz, which (for the length, largenes and vse, az well it may so serue), they call noow the Tyltyard, whear a Porter, tall of person, big of lim, & stearn of coountinauns, wrapt also all in silke, with a club & keiz of quantitée according, had a rough speech, full of passions, in méeter aptly made to the purpose: whearby (az her highnes was cum within his warde) hée burst out in a great pang of impatiens to see such vncooth trudging too and fro, such riding in and out, with such dyn and noiz of talk within the charge of his offis; whearof hee neuer saw the like, nor had any warning afore, ne yet coold make too himselfe any cauze of the matter: at last, vpon [† p. 9.] better vieu and auisement as hee preast too cum neerar: confessing anon that hee found him self pearced at the prezens of a personage so euidently expressing an heroicall Soueraintee ouer all the whole estates & hy degréez thear besyde, callmd hiz stonizo), proclaims open gates and frée passage to all, yéelds vp hiz club, hiz keyz?), hiz office, and all, and on hiz knéez humbly prayz pardon of hiz ignorauns and impaciens: which her highnes graciouslie graunting, The Trum- he cauzd hiz Trumpetoourz that stood vppon the wall of the gate thear, petoours. too soound vp a tune of welcum: which, besyde the nobl noyz, was so mooch the more pleazaunt too behold, becauz théez Trumpetoourz, beeing sixe in number, wear euery one an eight foot hyes) in due proportion of parson besyde, all in long garments of sylk sutabl, eache with hiz syluery Trumpet of a fiue foot long, foormed Taperwyse, and straight from the vpper part vntoo the neather eend, whear the Diameter was a 16. ynchez ouer, and yet so tempered by art, that being very eazy too the blast, they cast foorth no greater noyz, nor a more vnpleazaunt soound for time and tune, then any oother common Trumpet, bee it neuer so arti 1) A long and large upper mantle was denominated a pall, from the Latin pallium, or palla, a cloak. The great mantle worn by the Knights of the Garter, is by ancient writers called pallium. Burn, p. 95; Nichols, i. 430. 2) These verses, written by Mr. Hunnis, Master of Queen Elizabeth's Chapel, are the first in Gascoigne's Princely Pleasures, p. 3–4, ed. 1821. 3) Another copy reads «gracious presence». Nichols, i. 430. 4) Stead, is from the Saxon Stede, a room or place. See Somner. — Burn, p. 96; Nichols, i. 430. 5) Orig. accepning. 6) Astonishment. 7) Orig. heyz. 8) Sham ones with sham trumpets, but real men and trumpets behind. — See p. 5 of Gascoigne's Princely Pleasures. Lady of the Lake. - ficially foormed. Theese armonious blasterz, from the foreside of the [†p. 10.] gate at her highnes entrauns whear they began, walking vpon the wallz, vntoo the inner, — had this muzik mainteined from them very delectably while her highness all along this tiltyard rode vnto the inner gate next the base coourt of the Castl: where the Lady of the Lake (famous in King Arthurz book)1) with too Nymphes waiting vppon her, arrayed all in sylks, attending her highness comming: from the midst of the Pool, whear, vpon a moouabl Iland, bright blazing with torches, she, floting to land, met her Maiesty with a well penned meter and matter') after this sort: first of the auncientée of the Castl, whoo had been ownerz of the same éen till this day, most allweyz in the hands of the Earls of Leyceter, hoow shée had kept this Lake sins king Arthurz dayz, and now, vnderstanding of her highness hither cumming, thought it both office and duetie in humbl wize to discouer her and her estate: offering vp the same, her Lake and poour therein, with promise of repayre vnto the Coourt. It pleozed her highness too thank this Lady, & too ad withall, «we had thought indéed the Lake had been oours, and doo you call it yourz noow? Wel, we will héerin [†p. 11.] common more with yoo héerafter». This Pageaunt was clozd vp with a delectable harmony of Hautboiz 2), Shalmz3), 1) Verses printed in Gascoigne's Princely Pleasures, p. 7-9, ed. 1821, and 'devised and penned by M. Ferrer's, sometimes Lord of Misrule in the Court'. Nichols, i. 431. 2) Straight wooden wind-instruments, with holes down the front, and conical ends, blown through reed mouthpieces at the top. 3) Shalmz. See Chappel's Popular Music of the Olden Time, i. 35, note b. A very early drawing of the Shalm or Shawm, is in one of the illustrations to a copy of Froissart, in the Brit. Mus. Royal MSS. 18 E. Another in Comenius' Visible World, translated by Hoole, 1650, (he translates the Latin word gingras, shawm,) from which it is copied into Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, edited by Singer, vol. i. p. 114, ed. 1825. The modern clarionet is an improvement upon the shawm, which was played with a quill, or reed, like the wayte, or hautboy, but being a bass instrument, with about the compass of an octave, had probably more the tone of a bassoon. It was used on occasions of state. "What stately music have you? You have shawms? Ralph plays a stately part, and he must needs have shawms'. Knight of the Burning Pestle. Drayton speaks of it as shrill-toned: E'en from the shrillest shawm, unto the cornamute'. Polyolbion, vol. iv. p. 376. - I conceive the shrillness to have arisen from over-blowing, or else the following quotation will appear contradictory: A Shawme maketh a swete sounde, for he tunythe the basse, It mountithe not to hye, but kepithe rule and space. Yet yf it be blown withe to vehement a wynde, It makithe it to mysgoverne out of his kynde.' <<This is one of the proverbis' that were written about the time of Henry VII., on the walls of the Manor House at Leckingfield, near Beverley, Yorkshire, anciently belonging to the Percys, Earls of Northumberland, but now destroyed. There were other proverbs relating to music and musical instruments (harp, lute, recorder, claricorde, clarysymballis, virgynalls, clarion, organ, singing, and musical notation), and the inscribing them on the walls adds another to the numberless proofs of the |