THE MAN WITH THE HOE. Written after seeing Millet's World-Famous Painting.-By EDWIN MARKHAM. There is no shape more terrible

"The Man with the Hoe and Other Poems. "-Doubleday & McClure Co.

THE ORIGIN OF PHYSICLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY,

The movement had its precursory stages in the early part of the century, notably in the mathematical psychology of Herbart, but its first definitive output to attract general attention came from the master hand of Hermann Helmholtz in 1851. It consisted of the accurate measurement of the speed of transit of a nervous impulse along a nerve tract. To make such measurement had been regarded as impossible, it being supposed that the flight of the nervous impulse was practically instantaneous. But Helmholtz readily demonstrated the contrary, showing that the nerve cord is a relatively sluggish message bearer. According to his experiments, first performed upon the frog, the nervous "current" travels less than one hundred feet per second. Other experiments performed soon afterward by Helmholtz himself, and by various followers, chief among whom was Du Bois-Reymond, modified somewhat the exact figures at first obtained, but did not change the general bearings of the early results. Thus the nervous impulse was shown to be something far different, as regards speed of transit, at any rate, from the electric current to which it had been so often likened. An electric current would flash half-way round the globe while a nervous impulse could travel the length of the human body -from a man's foot to his brain.-Henry Smith Williams, in "Harper's Magazine.”

AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES.

Edouard Rod, the distinguished French scholar who visited the United States last year to deliver a course of lectures, and incidentally to investigate the condition of the higher education in the United States, writes of "American Universities" in the September number of the "North American Review" in a spirit of high appreciation and admiration. M. Rod was specially impressed by the great vitality and enterprise shown not only in the multiplication of palatial buildings for the use of the universities, but in the establishment and endowment of courses of study which are unknown in the seats of learning of the Old World. While all the universities bore the unmistakable stamp of a common American character, each, he found, had an individuality of its own; and among the most taking portions of his article are those in which he delineates the special features of the various universities visited by him. M. Rod is enthusiastic in his commendation of American students.

THE SPIRIT AND THE FLESH.

Into this glorious world I came,
The free-born of the wind and flame.
I bound to me for good or ill
A body-serf to do my will.

Though he was frail and prone to rest,

I snatched him from his mother's breast
And bade him serve me. What would you?
I had a great king's work to do:
Wrong to make right; comfort to bring
To those in trouble sorrowing.

I needed one both swift and strong:
Great was the load, the journey long.
Yet this my slave was weak and lame;
Faitering at my behest he came :
So, when his strength was almost gone,
I took the scourge and urged him on.

Yet hurry as I might to keep
The minutes' pace, both food and sleep
My slave must have. Impatiently
I saw the glorious hours pass by
(I could not leave him, for we must
Have hands of dust to work with dust.)
At last he fell and would not rise.
He called me with imperious eyes,
And bade me pause.

This small white room, this cot of snow,
Ministering forms that come and go—
I crouch here listening for his breath,
And with my hands I hold back Death,
My work neglected and undone.

If he but beckon, swift I run

This worthless serf of mine to save.

How hard they toil who serve a slave!

-L. B. Bridgman in September "Century."

WORK OF THE CUBAN EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION.

The work done by the Cuban Educational Association has passed the experimental stage. The practical results obtained by bringing these young men from the Antilles and placing them in our American colleges, academies and schools have been far-reaching, and the influence for good specifically direct in turning the attention of the Cuban and the Porto Rican from militarism to the much-coveted pacific methods of our people and government. The importance of the work has already become national, and officers of the army and navy and civil attaches of the Government are co-operating to advance the work.

That these young boys in most of the cases in which the association has acted are bright, ambitious, malleable, winsome and worthy of the best work of the American educator has been easily demonstrated. The parents and guardians of these boys are more than grateful because the way has been opened for them to come to the United States and complete their education. Many of these people are willing to mortgage their futures that their boys may become beneficiaries in our educational institutions, knowing that such tuition will aid in the development of the boys and set them thinking how best to advance the interests of their own country.

We already have young men at schools in New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Alabama, Ohio and Michigan, and we expect before the new year arrives to have students in each State in the Union.-From "The Cuban Educational Association of the United States," by Gilbert K. Harroun, in the "American Monthly Review of Reviews" for September.

DEATH RATHER THAN A BATH.-The warden of the Hudson County Jail at Jersey City is authority for the statement that Giacomo Moreda, an Italian wife murderer, who committed suicide on August 8, killed himself to avoid taking a compulsory bath. The man had not washed his face or hands during the three months he spent in jail, and death appears to have been preferable to him to being placed in a tub and scrubbed till he was clean, a treatment that was ordered for him in order that he might be in a fit condition to put on a new suit of prison clothes which the warden had provided.

THE SANITARIAN.

NOVEMBER, 1899.
NUMBER 360.

OCEANIC HEALTH RESORTS.

By A. N. BELL, A. M., M. D.

WINTER HEALTH RESORTS for invalids and persons of tender constitution virtually resolve themselves into domiciles and places with healthful surroundings and appointments, under climatic conditions which comprehend the largest proportion of sunshiny days and atmospheric temperature which admits of unrestricted outdoor exposure.

The maximum of these conditions obtains at sea and, approximately, on some islands, insular and sea-coast places, where the soil is well drained and clean, and in such latitudes, or at such elevation, as to afford a congenial temperature. Such places the world over are exceptionally free from pulmonary diseases and noted for their general healthfulness. It has been too much the case hitherto, and particularly in this country, to disregard the advantages of islands and seacoast places, thus favorably conditioned, on account of atmospheric moisture. The erroneous estimate, in this regard, is based upon the consequences of exposure to dirty-soil moisture everywhere, and in particular to such of our seacoast places as are most exposed to the northeast winds of the Atlantic States that sweep down the fogs and mists of, and emanations from, a swampy seashore. Such places are particularly predisposing to pulmonary consumption and should be avoided by all invalids.

But sea-air proper is of a wholly different character. Though damp, as compared with the air of great altitudes, it is less damp than the air of sea-coast places, and is entirely devoid of the impurities common to such places. For example: The mean relative humidity of the air at noon observed by Wilson ("The Ocean as a Health Resort") during a voyage from Melbourne to London, via Cape of Good Hope, was 77 (100 per cent. representing com