4 the fleshhooks, and the firepans: all the vessels thereof made he of brass. And 8 9 And he made the court: on the south side southward the hangings of the court 10 were of fine twined linen, an hundred cubits: their pillars were twenty, and their brasen sockets twenty; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets were of silver. 11 And for the north side the hangings were an hundred cubits, their pillars were twenty, and their sockets of brass twenty; the hooks of the pillars and their 12 fillets of silver. And for the west side were hangings of fifty cubits, their pillars ten, and their sockets ten; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver. 13 And for the east side eastward fifty cubits. The hangings of the one side of the 15 gate were fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three. And for the other side of the court gate, on this hand and that hand, were hangings of 16 fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three. All the hangings of 17 the court round about were of fine twined linen. And the sockets for the pillars were of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver; and the overlaying of their chapiters of silver; and all the pillars of the court were filleted 18 with silver. And the hanging for the gate of the court was needlework, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: and twenty cubits was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits, answerable to the hangings of the 19 court. And their pillars were four, and their sockets of brass four; their hooks 20 of silver, and the overlaying of their chapiters and their fillets of silver. And all the pins of the tabernacle, and of the court round about, were of brass. This is the sum of the tabernacle, even of the tabernacle of testimony, as it was counted, according to the commandment of Moses, for the service of the Levites, 21 22 by the hand of Ithamar, son to Aaron the priest. And Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made all that the LORD commanded Moses. 23 And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen. 24 25 All the gold that was occupied for the work in all the work of the holy place, even the gold of the offering, was twenty and nine talents, and seven hundred and thirty shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary. And the silver of them that were numbered of the congregation was an hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and threescore and fifteen shekels, after 26 the shekel of the sanctuary; a bekah for every man, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for a six hundred thousand and three thousand and five 27 hundred and fifty men. And of the hundred talents of silver were cast the sockets of the sanctuary, and the sockets of the vail; an hundred sockets of the 28 hundred talents, a talent for a socket. And of the thousand seven hundred seventy and five shekels he made hooks for the pillars, and overlaid their chapiters, and filleted them. 29 And the brass of the offering was seventy talents, and two thousand and four 30 hundred shekels. And therewith he made the sockets to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the brasen altar, and the brasen grate for it, and 31 all the vessels of the altar, and the sockets of the court round about, and the sockets of the court gate, and all the pins of the tabernacle, and all the pins of the court round about. ch. 30. 18–21. 1 Sanı. 2. 22. ch. 27. 9. ch. 27. 19. t Num. 1. 50, 53; 9. Y ch. 30. 13, 24: Le. 5. 15; 27. 3, 25; Num. 3. 47; 18. 16. ch. 30. 13, 15. a eh. 12. 37: Num. d ch. 31. 10; 35. 19. ch. 28. 2-4 39 And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do ch. 35. 3. service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses. 2 And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined ch. 28. 6. 3 linen. And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work 1 Brazen (or, copper) or other metallic mirrors were a common female ornament among the Egyptians and Israelites. 2 Perhaps 'of the serving,' or ministering 'women, who served at the gate of the tabernacle of the congregation.' The same Hebrew word is used with reference to the services of the priests. See Numb. iv. 23, 35, 39, etc.; viii. 25. A Jewish commentator, Aben Ezra, says, "They came daily to the tabernacle to pray, and to hear the words of the law.' See 1 Sam. ii. 22; Luke ii. 37. 3 The talent being three thousand shekels, this exactly agrees with ver. 26. The value of the gold and silver was about 200,000.; towards which the parting gifts of the Egyptians no doubt contributed largely. it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with 4 cunning work. They made shoulder-pieces for it, to couple it together: by the 5 two edges was it coupled together. And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses. 6 And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets ch. 28. 9. And A ch. 23. 12. * ch. 28. 17, etc. 8 And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; ch. 28. '5. the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on the ends of the breastplate. 18 And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the two ouches, 19 and put them on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, before it. And they made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, upon the border of 20 it, which was on the side of the ephod inward. And they made two other golden rings, and put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the fore part of it, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the 21 ephod. And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses. 'And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue. And there 23 was an hole in the midst of the robe, as the hole of an habergeon, with a band 24 round about the hole, that it should not rend. And they made upon the hems of 25 the robe pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen. And they made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates upon 26 the hem of the robe, round about between the pomegranates; a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, round about the hem of the robe to minister in; as the LORD commanded Moses. 22 27 "And they made coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and for his sons, 28 and a mitre of fine linen, and goodly bonnets of fine linen, and P linen breeches 29 of fine twined linen, and a girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses. 30 And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a 31 writing, like to the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses. 32 33 Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation finished: and the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they. And they brought the tabernacle unto Moses, the tent, and all his furniture, 34 his taches, his boards, his bars, and his pillars, and his sockets, and the covering of rams' skins dyed red, and the covering of badgers' skins, and the vail of the 35 covering, the ark of the testimony, and the staves thereof, and the mercy seat, 36 the table, and all the vessels thereof, and the showbread, the pure candlestick, 37 with the lamps thereof, even with the lamps to be set in order, and all the vessels 38 thereof, and the oil for light, and the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the 39 sweet incense, and the hanging for the tabernacle door, the brasen altar, and his 40 grate of brass, his staves, and all his vessels, the laver and his foot, the hangings of the court, his pillars, and his sockets, and the hanging for the court gate, his cords, and his pins, and all the vessels of the service of the tabernacle, for the 41 tent of the congregation, the cloths of service to do service in the holy place, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons' garments, to minister in the 42 priest's office. According to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so the children 43 of Israel made all the work. And Moses did look upon all the work, and, ch. 28. 31-35. ch. 28. 33. behold, they had done it as the LORD had commanded, even so had they done it: and Moses "blessed them. "Le. 9. 22, 23; Num. 6. 23–7; Jos, 22. 6; 2 Sam. 6. 18; 1 K. 8. 14: 2 Chr. 30, 27. ch. 12. 1, 2; 13. 4. y ver. 17: eh. 26, 1, 30. a ver. 22 ch. 26. 35. e vers. 24, 25. The tabernacle set up, and filled with the glory of the Lord. 40 AND the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, On the first day of the first month 3 shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation. And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and cover the ark with the vail. 4 And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick, and light the 5 lamps thereof. And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before the 6 ark of the testimony, and put the hanging of the door to the tabernacle. And thou shalt set the altar of the burnt offering before the door of the tabernacle of 7 the tent of the congregation. And thou shalt set the laver between the tent of 8 the congregation and the altar, and shalt put water therein. And thou shalt set 9 up the court round about, and hang up the hanging at the court gate. And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is therein, eh. 30. 26. 10 and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels thereof: and it shall be holy. And thou shalt anoint the altar of the burnt offering, and all his vessels, and sanctify the 11 altar and it shall be an altar most holy. And thou shalt anoint the laver and ch. 29. 36, 37. 12 his foot, and sanctify it. And thou shalt bring Aaron and his sons unto the door 13 of the tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water. And thou shalt e put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he 14 may minister unto me in the priest's office. And thou shalt bring his sons, and 15 clothe them with coats: and thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their father, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office: for their anointing shall surely be an everlasting3 priesthood throughout their generations. 16 4 Thus did Moses: according to all that the LORD commanded him, so did he. 17 And it came to pass in the first month, in the second year, on the first day of the 18 month, that the 'tabernacle was reared up. And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, 19 and reared up his pillars. And he spread abroad the tents over the tabernacle, and put the covering of the tent above upon it; as the LORD commanded Moses. And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, 21 and put the mercy seat above upon the ark: and he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the vail of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the LORD commanded Moses. 20 22 And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the side of the 26 And he put the golden altar in the tent of the congregation before the vail: 27 and he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the LORD commanded Moses. 28 And he set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle. And he put the 29 altar of burnt offering by the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation, and offered upon it the burnt offering and the meat offering; as the LORD commanded Moses. 30 And he set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and 31 put water there, to wash withal. And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed 32 their hands and their feet thereat: when they went into the tent of the congregation, and when they came near unto the altar, they washed; "as the LORD commanded Moses. 33 34 And he reared up the court round about the tabernacle and the altar, and set up the hanging of the court gate. So Moses finished the work. Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the LORD 35 filled the tabernacle. And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the LORD filled the 36 tabernacle. And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the 37 children of Israel went onward in all their journeys: but if the cloud were not 38 taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up. For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys. 1 This means the interior wooden structure. See ver. 19. 2 Or, 'hide.' The ark was behind the vail. 3 To last as long as the Jewish dispensation did. 4 Of the Israelites' deliverance. 5 The under or linen covering. 6 That is, the tables of the covenant. ver. 30; ch. 30. 18. A Le. 8. 1-13. i eh. 28. 41. Num. 25 13. I ver. 1; Num. 7. 1. eh. 25. 16. "ch. 26. 33; 35. 12. ⚫ch. 26. 35. 9 ch. 26. 35. ver. 5; ch. 30 6. teh. 39. 7. "ver. 5; ch. 26. 36. J ver. 6. y ch. 29. 28, etc. ver. 7; ch. 30. 18. a eh. 30. 19, 20. b ver. 8; eh. 27. 9, 16. ech. 29. 43; L. 16, 2: d Lev. 16. 2; 1 K. 8. 7 The visible sign of Jehovah's special presence, called the Shekinah. THE THIRD BOOK OF MOSES, CALLED LEVITICUS. THIS book is called 'Leviticus,' because it contains the laws relating to Divine worship, of which the Levites were the appointed ministers among the Hebrews. Its ceremonial, civil, and judicial enactments are unrivalled by those of any nation of antiquity, for their pure morality-the wisdom, justice, and beneficence of their provisions and the dignity and impressiveness of their rites. The ceremonial observances here prescribed had, among others, the following important designs :— 1. They were evidently in some respects sanitary regulations. This was one purpose of the laws relating to various purifications, the separation of lepers, and the distinction of meats, etc. 2. They also served to perpetuate among the Israelites the knowledge of the true God, to maintain reverence for holy things, and to call forth and exercise religious feelings in the midst of their daily conduct, and in all the relations of life. The sacred festivals, in particular, were valuable for these purposes, as well as for keeping up the remembrance of the distinguished benefits which had been conferred upon the nation. 3. They had the effect, further, of preventing too close connection and admixture of the Israelites with surrounding nations (see Eph. ii. 14); and thus of guarding them from the idolatry and corruption which reigned universally in the world; and preserving them as an entirely distinct nation, until the time came when this barrier should no longer be necessary, because the gospel should be sent to every creature which is under heaven.' 4. The ceremonial institutions had another important use connected with their symbolical meaning. In condescension to the moral and intellectual state of the people, who were not yet capable of readily apprehending Divine truth, spiritual things were represented by outward and visible objects. For instance, ideas of moral purity and of the Divine holiness were communicated and cherished by the repeated ablutions of their persons and dwellings; by the selection of clean animals for sacrifice; by the The law of the 1 unblemished perfection required in the victim to be offered; and by the restriction of the priestly functions to a class of men who were specially set apart for these duties, and upon whom repeated purifications were enjoined. Further, by the death of the atoning victim, to which the worshipper had transferred his sins by laying his hands upon its head, and by the presentation to God of the blood, which represented the life, the important truth was taught that the desert of sin was that extreme and irremediable punishment called the second death,' which could be averted only by the substitution of a vicarious sacrifice. Thus, by means of impressive symbols, the worshippers were constantly reminded of the justice and sanctity of the violated law, and of their own guiltiness and need of Divine mercy; and, when these services were performed in a right spirit, their minds would be inspired with a humble hope of mercy, leading to corresponding gratitude, obedience, and love. 5. These various institutions also prefigured greater and better things to come. We learn, from the inspired commentary on this book contained in the epistle to the Hebrews, that the priesthood, the sacrifices, and the whole Mosaic ritual, typified the person and work of the Great Deliverer, who had been announced from the very era of the fall, and that complete and everlasting redemption which he was to accomplish when the fulness of the time was come.' This book may be divided into four principal sections:-I. The laws concerning the several kinds of SACRIFICES: the burnt-offering (ch. i.); meat-offering (ii.); peace-offering (iii.); offering for sins of ignorance (iv.); trespass-offering (v., vi. 1-7); and instructions to the priests concerning the offerings (vi. 8—30; vii.) II. The institution of the PRIESTHOOD, and the consecration of Aaron and his sons; together with the sin and punishment of Nadab and Abihu (viii.—x.) III. Laws relating to PURIFICATIONS (Xi.-xxii.) IV. Laws concerning the SACRED FESTIVALS, VOWS, and TITHES (xxiii.—xxvii.) burnt-offering. b AND the LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the tabernacle 2 of the congregation, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, 3 If any man of you bring an offering unto the LORD, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock. e If his offering2 be a burnt sacrifice of the herd, 3 let him offer a male without blemish he shall offer it of his own voluntary will at the door of the taber4 nacle of the congregation before the LORD. And he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement 5 for him. And he shall kill the bullock before the LORD: 'and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall bring the blood, "and sprinkle the blood round about upon 6 the altar that is by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And he shall 7 flay the burnt offering, and cut it into his pieces. And the sons of Aaron the 15. 25; 2 Chr. 29. 22-24; Dan. 9. 24; Ro. 3. 25; 5 11; Heb. 2. 17; 10. 10-12. • Ex. 19. 3 b Ex. 40. 34, 35; Nam. 12. 4,5 ch. 2. 18, 19; Ge. 4. 3-5 d ch. 6 9-13: P. G 15; Am. 5 2 eh. 3 1; 4:3: 22 19-22, 24: Ex. 12 5; Deu. 15 21: M. L 14; Eph. 5. 27. Heb, 9 14; 1 Pet. 1. 19 Ps. 47, 8; 2 Cor. 8. 12; 9. 7. eh, 32, 8, 13: 4. 15, 21, 29: 8. 11. 22: 16. 21; Ex. 29, 10, 15, 19. A eh. 22. 21, 27 1x 56 7; Ro. 12. 1; Pl, 4. 18 ich. 4. 2, 26. 31, 35; 9. 7; 16 24; Num. ch. 3 * ch. 16. 15; Mic. 6. 6. 12 Chr. 35. 11; Heb. 10. 11. 2, 8, 13; Heb. 12. 24; 1 Pet. 1. 2. 1 Various kinds of sacrifices, with different ceremonies, were prescribed, in order to give as complete a representation as possible of all the great truths respecting the sinner's reconciliation to God; and to afford suitable expression to the diversified wants and feelings of the worshippers. 2 This is evidently a voluntary offering, like those in ch. ii., iii.; but it is to be wholly consumed. It might be made under a deep sense of general sinfulness (as distinguished from the sin and trespass offerings, ch. iv., v.), or as an expression of special and entire devotion to God. 3 The three classes of victims here mentioned, viz., bullocks (ver. 3), sheep or goats (ver. 10), and fowls (ver. 14), were suited to the means of different classes of persons; for God accepteth according to what a man hath (2 Cor. viii. 12). The discretion thus permitted would also tend to turn attention to the substance as distinguished from the mere type. 4 Or, for his acceptance before Jehovah.' 5 That is, the offerer, taking some ostensible part in what was chiefly done by the practised Levites. 6 By this act the life of the victim was considered as presented to God. 8 priest shall put fire upon the altar, and "lay the wood in order upon the fire: and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the fat, in order upon 9 the wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar: but his inwards and his legs shall he wash in water: and the priest shall burn all on the altar, to be a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a "sweet savour unto the LORD. 10 Ge. 8, 21; Eze. 20. 28, 41; 2 Cor. 2. 15; Eph. 52; Phil. 4. 18. 9 ver. 5. And if his offering be of the flocks, namely, of the sheep, or of the goats, for a 11 burnt sacrifice, he shall bring it a male without blemish. And he shall kill it see ref. ver. 3. on the side of the altar northward before the LORD: and the priests, Aaron's sons, 12 shall sprinkle his blood round about upon the altar. And he shall cut it into his pieces, with his head and his fat: and the priest shall lay them in order on the 13 wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar: but he shall wash the inwards and the legs with water: and the priest shall bring it all, and burn it upon the altar: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. 14 And if the burnt sacrifice for his offering to the LORD be of fowls, then he shall 15 bring his offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons. And the priest shall bring it unto the altar, and wring off his head, and burn it on the altar; and the blood 16 thereof shall be wrung out at the side of the altar: and he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it 'beside the altar on the east part, by the place 17 of the ashes. And he shall cleave it with the wings thereof, but " shall not divide it asunder: and the priest shall burn it upon the altar, upon the wood that is upon the fire: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. The law of the meat (or meal) offering. 2 AND when any will offer a meat offering unto the LORD, his offering shall be 2 of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon: and he shall bring it to Aaron's sons the priests: and he shall take thereout his handful of the flour thereof, and of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof; and the priest shall burn the memorial of it upon the altar, to be an 3 offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: and the remnant of the meat offering shall be Aaron's and his sons': it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire. 4 ch. 5. 7; 12. 8; Lk. 2. 24; 2 Cor. 8. 12. ch. 5. 8. ch. 6. 0. "Ge. 15. 10. vers. 9, 13. eh. 6. 14-18, 20-23; 9. 17; Num. 15. 4; Ps. 6. 15; Am. 5. 22. #I. 66. 3. aver 9; ch. 5. 12; 6. beh. 7. 9; 10. 12, 13. 18. 9. And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed Ex. 29. 2. with oil. 5 And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in a pan [or, on a flat plate or slice3], 11 12 13 • ver. 2. & Phil. 4. 18. A ver. 3. No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the LORD, shall be made with eh. 6. 17; Ex. 12. 19. 'leaven: for ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any offering of the LORD made by fire. 20: Mr. 16 6, 12: Mk. 8. 15; 1.k. 12. 1; 1 Cor. 56-8; Gal. 5. 9. 22. 29. *AS for the oblation of the firstfruits, ye shall offer them unto the LORD: butch 23 10, 11; Ex. they shall not be burnt on the altar for a sweet savour. And every oblation of thy meat offering 'shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meat offering: "with all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt. 1 Or rather meal, or wheaten offering. The word never refers to fish in the Levitical offerings; nor was this properly a sacrifice. The greater part of it was to be used for food, not burned. It consisted principally of flour, or flour made into cakes; to which was added a suitable quantity of wine for a drink offering. See Exod. xxix. 40, 41; Lev. xxiii. 13; Numb. xv. 5, 10, etc. When presented alone it appears to have been an expression of gratitude for ordinary providential blessings; though its reception through the priest, and the oblation of part of it by fire, keep in view the mediation of Christ as the only acceptable way of offering praise. See Heb. xiii. 15, 16. The various forms in which it might be made (vers. 2, 4, 5, 7) were suited to the varying circum 2 That is, a part as representing the whole. 3 If this reading be correct, this refers to the flat plate used by eastern travellers for baking their cakes. 4 The acid lees of wine, or dough kept till it became sour, was the leaven used by the Hebrews. In this, therefore, the corruption to which all sweet things are liable had already begun; and having passed its best state, it was unfit to be presented to God. Salt, on the contrary, as a preservative of animal substances from decay, was the emblem of purity, perfection, and perpetuity; and for this reason, as well as from being eaten with every meal, it was a symbol of friendship. Honey includes all that is sweet, and is forbidden because it turns sour. |