COOPERATION WITH TVA

Mr. HORAN. The question has been asked concerning areas such as TVA or in areas where there are power revenues and where development work is going on and you are called upon to do research in that area. Is that by direct appropriation, or are power revenues used in some instances?

Dr. MOSEMAN. I do not know that we have very much work of that kind. The closest we may come to it is the fertilizer-research work that we are doing to a certain extent in cooperation with TVA. Mr. HORAN. That is part of this question.

Dr. PARKER. There is no transfer of funds at all.

Mr. HORAN. This research is done on direct appropriation?

Dr. PARKER. Direct appropriation. They have a research program. We have a direct appropriation for our work and we coordinate our efforts.

DRYING OF FIELD CROPS

Mr. HORAN. In the field of drying of crops, Dr. Quisenberry, how are you coming along with that?"

Dr. QUISENBERRY. The drying of crops?

Mr. HORAN. Corn in a wet year or hay drying, and that sort of thing. It was one of the problems in agricultural engineering.

Dr. QUISENBERRY. As Dr. Moseman mentioned a little while ago in his statement, we are making considerable progress on the drying of farm crops using ordinary air, unheated air, and also in using heated air. It takes more time to bring moisture down in drying when you use the unheated air; but, of course, it is not so expensive as is heated air. The work has included the different types of bins, different types of facilities and blowers, the question of forcing this air through different types of grain. How much power does it take to force it through wet corn, dry corn, if it is dirty and has not been well cleaned, and so on? We think that the work in this field has made very good progress; and, of course, there are many more questions to be answered.

EXPERIMENTAL FARMHOUSES AT BELTSVILLE FOR DAIRY WORKERS

Mr. HORAN. Regarding those houses that have been built at the dairy farm at Beltsville, are they occupied now? Are they ready for inspection?

Dr. MOSEMAN. I might point out, Mr. Horan, that we do not have an agricultural-engineering representative with us today. Dr. Quisenberry is in our immediate Bureau office in the coordination of our program, bureauwide; so I will try to answer that question for you. Mr. HORAN. It was the plan of this subcommittee to go out there this past week, but something came up and we could not make it. We are anxious to see that.

Dr. MOSEMAN. We have 3 of those houses that are completed and 2 of them are occupied. I am not sure whether the third one is occupied or not. They were going to move in during the past few days, as I recall. We have the 3 of them built and have plans for a fourth one. Some arrangements have been made with one of the large aluminum companies to donate certain aluminum materials for insulation. Other companies are providing vaporproofing material,

caulking compounds, and one of the large manufacturers of windows is providing us with a type of thermopane glass. It is not exactly the same as the expensive thermopane but it is double glass with insulating air space between. We are utilizing those types of materials to see how we can cut down on the cost of these houses and develop features in them that will be less expensive than construction that is conventional.

INFORMATION DIVISION PERSONNEL

Mr. ANDERSEN. You have 28 people in the Information Division. Just what do they do?

Dr. MOSEMAN. We have 11 of those people who are concerned with editorial work; that is, the editing of manuscripts and publications. We have three that are concerned with the answering of mail. Those three people mail out bulletins and general answers to questions that come in from all over the country. Some idea of their workload is indicated by the more than 11,000 pieces of mail that they handled over a 6 months' period from July to December of this past year. We have five people who are concerned with special reports and visual information, that is, the duplicating or mimeographing work and the photographic work for the Bureau; taking pictures of scientific developments, photographs for publications, and that type of thing.

Mr. ANDERSEN. That accounts for 19 of them. What about the other 9?

Dr. MOSEMAN. We have four working on current information, providing material for press and radio, for Farm and Home Hour broadcasts and similar news releases about our research. I do not know whether I mentioned that earlier or not.

Mr. ANDERSEN. I do not think you did.

Dr. MOSEMAN. We have the office of the head of the division, which involves the head of the division and his stenographer. Three of the positions are vacant at the present time. I do not know whether that accounts for all of them but it comes pretty close. I would like to point out in this connection that we do have a fairly sizable workload of information and editorial service in our Bureau as measured in several different ways. If we take into account the publications that are made available for congressional distribution, we have about 220 of those or roughly 39 percent of the total of the 559 published by the 12 Bureaus or Agencies of the Department, available for such congressional distribution.

MOTION PICTURE WORK LIMITED

Mr. ANDERSEN. What do you do in film and motion picture production?

Dr. MOSEMAN. We do not do very much in that field. We may take motion pictures of some machinery developments if we bave a potato harvester or something like that where we want to picture the motion or action pretty well. It is specialized work of that kind. Mr. ANDERSEN. How many economists do you have in your Bureau?

Dr. MOSEMAN. We do not have any.

30505-53-pt. 2- -37

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL

Mr. ANDERSEN. You have 80 people in administration now. Just why do you need that many there?

Dr. MOSEMAN. Those are the folks who handle our personnel, fiscal, accounting, and budget operations.

Mr. ANDERSEN. You have altogether about 2,037 people, do you not?

Dr. MOSEMAN. Yes; under the direct obligations for regular appropriations.

Mr. ANDERSEN. That indicates about 4 percent in administration. Is that not a little high?

Dr. MOSEMAN. No; if we would use the figures on personnel, for example, we have 15 people that are concerned with personnel work in the Bureau. That figures out, if we take all the funds that we have, regular appropriations and contributed funds from different sources, to about 1 personnel worker for each 156 employees. Now, I understand that the Bureau of the Budget has established standards that permit a ratio of personnel workers to employees of about 1 to 110. So I believe we are on the low side so far as our personnel staff is concerned. In fact, we are not carrying out some of the things that the Civil Service Commission and the Office of Personnel recommend for good management of personnel; that is, in the way of specialized training programs for our employees, we do not have a Bureau safety officer, and we have not established the type of recruitment and career development programs that have been indicated through management studies to represent a sound investment in administration.

AUTHORITY FOR PROGRAMS OF THE BUREAU

Mr. ANDERSEN. I would appreciate your placing in the record at this point a statement on your basic legal authority for each project, indicating whether each is mandatory or permissive.

Dr. MOSEMAN. Yes, sir.

(The information requested is as follows:)

STATUTORY AUTHORITIES FOR THE BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, SOILS, AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

The work of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, under the subappropriation "Plant, soil, and agricultural engineering research" stems from the organic act establishing the Department of Agriculture which reads in part as follows:

(5 U. S. C. sec. 511:) "There shall be at the seat of government a Department of Agriculture, the general design and duties of which shall be to acquire and to diffuse among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture, in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the people new and valuable seeds and plants." (Act May 15, 1862, ch. 72, 2, 12 Stat. 387.)

(5 U. S. C. sec. 514:) "The Secretary of Agriculture shall procure and preserve all information concerning agriculture which he can obtain by means of books and correspondence, and by practical and scientific experiments, accurate records of which experiments shall be kept in his office *** and by any other appropriate means within his power; he shall collect new and valuable seeds and plants; shall test, by cultivation, the value of such of them as may require such tests; shall propagate such as may be worthy of propagation; and shall distribute them among agriculturists.' (Act May 15, 1862, ch. 72, 3, 12 Stat. 387.)

The Bureau of Plant Industry was established June 3, 1902, under legislation

enacted as follows:

(5 U. S. C. sec. 524:) "All statutes existing June 3, 1902, relating to the Division of Botany. the Division of Pomology, the Division of Vegetable

Physiology and Pathology, the Division of Agrostology, and Experimental Gardens and Grounds, reorganized into the Bureau of Plant Industry, not otherwise repealed, shall remain in effect as applying to the respective bureaus into which the Divisions named have been rereorganized." (Act June 3, 1902, ch. 985, 32 Stat 303.)

The work under these authorities has been continued and added to under appropriation acts which provided further legislation, mostly on an annual basis. Certain legislation affecting the whole Department is applicable also to the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. For example, funds appropriated under the Special Research Fund and Research and Marketing Act of June 29, 1935, as amended by Research and Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U. S. C. 427-429d, 427h-427j, 1621-1629) have been transferred to this Bureau and work is conducted under its authority.

Soil fertility and soil microbiology work was transferred from Bureau of Chemistry and Soils to Bureau of Plant Industry by act May 17, 1935 (ch. 131, 49 Stat. 258).

Pursuant to Executive Order 9069, dated February 23, 1942, and in conformity with Secretary's Memoranda No. 960 and No. 986 and Agricultural Research Administrator's Memorandum No. 5, approved by the Secretary on February 13, 1943, the agricultural engineering divisions of the Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering (except work on the construction of a cotton cutting machine supported by a supplemental appropriation for fiscal 1943, Publication 763), and also Effluent Contaniments and Chemical Weed Eradication Section of the Division of Agricultural Chemical Research of that Bureau, were transferred to the Bureau of Plant Industry, which thereafter was designated the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering.

Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1947, part III, paragraph 301, transferred the functions of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering "to the Secretary of Agriculture and shall be performed by the Secretary or, subject to his direction and control, by such officers and agencies of the Department of Agriculture as he may designate.”

All research in soil and crop management, and in water management on farms related to crop production previously conducted in the Soil Conservation Service was transferred effective November 15, 1952 to the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum No. 1318 dated October 14, 1952.

The Bureau's authority for the operation and maintenance of the National Arboretum is contained in mandatory legislation which reads in part as follows: 20 United States Code 191: "The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to establish and maintain a national arboretum for purposes of research and education concerning tree and plant life ***" (act of Mar. 4, 1927, ch. 505, par. 1, 44 Stat. 1422).

20 United States Code 193: "In order to stimulate research and discovery the National Arboretum established by the Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with the provisions of sections 191-194 of this title shall be under competent scientific direction. The Arboretum shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture separately from the agricultural, horticultural, and forestry stations of the Department of Agriculture, but it shall be so correlated with them as to bring about the most effective utilization of its facilities and discoveries" (March 4, 1927, ch. 505, par. 3, 44 Stat. 1422).

Mr. ANDERSEN. Are there any further questions?

Thank you, Doctor. We have enjoyed our discussion with you today.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18,

1953.

BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE

WITNESSES

DR. M. R. CLARKSON, DEPUTY RESEARCH ADMINISTRATOR, ARA A. S. HOYT, CHIEF, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE

DR. F. C. BISHOPP, ASSISTANT CHIEF, B. E. AND P. Q.

DR. W. L. POPHAM, ASSISTANT CHIEF, B. E. AND P. Q.

HENRY G. HERRELL, DEPUTY ASSISTANT CHIEF (ADMINISTRATION), B. E. AND P. Q.

MRS. M. W. SYFRIG, BUDGET OFFICER, B. E. AND P. Q. RALPH S. ROBERTS, DIRECTOR OF FINANCE AND BUDGET OFFICER, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

NOTE. Reimbursements from non-Federal sources above are from payments by non-Federal agencies for services of plant quarantine inspectors performed outside regular hours of duty (7 U. S. C. 576); and from proceeds of sale of personal property (40 U. S. C. 481 (c)).