Torture and Its Consequences: Current Treatment Approaches

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Metin Basoglu
CUP Archive, 5 nov. 1992 - 527 pagini
Despite numerous international declarations and conventions prohibiting human rights violations, torture remains a major problem in many countries of the world. Progress on the humanitarian front has not been adequately paralleled by efforts in the scientific world to achieve a better understanding of the various forms of political repression and their effects on individuals, communities and societies. This book reveals in some detail the medical, psychiatric and psychological problems confronting survivors of torture, and reviews the various treatment approaches available to those involved in their care. Comparisons are made, where appropriate, with other violent acts or situations, by reference to the experience of treating prisoners of war, Holocaust survivors, and other survivors of violence in the military or civilian arenas. Contributions are drawn both from host countries treating refugees who have experienced torture and also from a number of countries where treatment and rehabilitation of torture survivors has taken place in a setting of continuing political repression. The importance of this work lies in its emphasis on a scientific approach to the problem of torture while also giving due consideration to its social and political dimensions. As a source of theoretical and practical information it is unrivalled, addressing the needs of all health workers helping survivors of torture, and reviewing issues in the sociology and psychobiology of organized violence that will command the attention of a much wider readership.

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Cuprins

Introduction
1
Preview of contents
8
a field
23
Experimentation
30
References
36
Suspension
43
The sequelae of electrical torture
45
Increased sympathetic activity and sympathetic reflex dystrophy
51
Measuring trauma events and symptoms
267
Organization of care and rehabilitation services for victims
277
Similarities and differences between care and rehabilitation centres
287
Exchange of knowledge and expertise
294
Rationale for specialized treatment
300
Conclusion
308
Sexual torture and the treatment of its consequences
310
Treatment of the consequences of torture
316

Definition of torture
57
23
64
an empirical study of tortured
72
33
75
Psychosocial consequences for tortured refugees seeking asylum
83
The trauma of the tortured refugee
89
Negative survival patterns 886
98
Longterm effects of torture in former prisoners of war
107
25
113
Captorcaptive relationship
114
Correlates of traumatic stress
123
Issues for future clinical research
130
30
133
survivors and their children
136
Intervention strategies for survivors
143
Psychobiological consequences of severe trauma
151
Biological models
157
Other biological effects of trauma
164
References
171
The role of uncontrollable and unpredictable stress in post
182
Features of uncontrollability and unpredictability in the four phases
200
Attempts to maintain and regain control
211
Conclusion
217
36
219
Risk factors for developing PTSD
235
Toward DSMIV
242
the assessment and diagnosis of torture events
253
Therapistpatient interaction
260
Treatment results
324
Psychodynamic approaches in the treatment of torture survivors
333
Conclusion
343
Insight therapy
349
Other treatment forms
358
Direct therapeutic exposure
365
Cognitive behavioral therapy
374
Other treatments
384
Trauma debriefing
390
Behavioural and cognitive approach in the treatment of torture
402
A brief
419
93
428
Torture in particular countries experience with
431
The systematic use of torture
437
The psychological effects of sociopolitical factors following the trauma
445
References
451
The emergence of torture and abuse
457
Notes on longterm survival patterns of behaviour following
461
Advocacy support and intervention
464
Torture in Pakistan
472
Whipping in Pakistan
475
References
481
Rehabilitation programs
488
Program of the Medical
494
Childrens Rehabilitation Center
501
Modern ethics and international law
511
World Medical Association
517
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Despre autor (1992)

Metin Basoglu, MD, PhD and Professor of Psychiatry, is currently the head of Trauma Studies at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and the director of the Istanbul Centre for Behaviour Research and Therapy, Istanbul. He is internationally recognised as one of the most prominent authorities on torture, war and earthquake trauma. In 1992 he published the edited volume Torture and Its Consequences: Current Treatment Approaches, which defined a scientific discipline at the crossroads of human rights, medicine and social sciences and established itself a classic reference book on torture. His subsequent work focussed on the development of an evidence-based mental health care model for mass trauma survivors based on brief, effective and largely self-help behavioural treatments. In recent years he published to international acclaim research articles demonstrating that the widely presumed distinction between torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatments (or 'light torture') is not supported by empirical evidence and that the latter cause more psychological damage than physical torture. His work, pointing to the need for a broader and evidence-based definition of torture, received wide attention in the fields of human rights, mental health, social sciences and law, as well as from the world media.

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