Engin. Library

QC 928 .469 V. I

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20403

Stock Number 003 018-00090-3

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978 O-268-625

2. CLOUD SEEDING: STATE OF THE SCIENCE

The Argument in Brief . . . Conditions for Cloud

Formation . . . Coalescence Processes . . . Precipitation

From Supercooled Clouds . . . Cloud Seeding Strategies

. . . Numerical Models . . . The Role of Statistics .

Statistical Design . . Cloud Seeding Experiments .

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xi

1

3

17

"Unintended" Defined . . . Scales and Certainties.

How Weather Is Modified Unintentionally . . . Identifying

the Unintended Weather . . . Urban Areas . . . The St.

Louis Study . . . Nonurban Production Centers

Nonagricultural Lands . . . Agricultural Lands

Transportation Corridors . . . Unintended Climate Change

Impacts From Unintended Weather Modification . . .

Research Priorities . . . Actions To Support the

Recommended Research

Rural

5. BEYOND CLOUD SEEDING

The Local Scale .

Regional Scale . .

Research Priorities

The Mesoscale . . Synoptic to

Global or Climatic Scale . .

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7. BENEFITS AND COSTS, CONFLICT AND FAIRNESS

General Economic Benefits . . . Benefits of Water From

Rain or Snow . . . Benefits From Less Fog and Fewer

Clouds . . . Benefits From Less Hail and Lightning .

Benefits From Less Damage From Hurricanes . .

Benefit/Cost Ratios . . . Other Important Benefits and

Costs .. Distribution of Benefits and Costs . . .

Conflict and Fairness .
Economics of Unintended
Weather Change . . . A Need for Perspective

8. ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE

10. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

The Weather Is Transnational . . Weather Modification

Around the World . . . Bases for International Coopera-

tion . . . Principles of International Cooperation . .

The Question of Consultation . . . International Research

and Development . . . Involvement of International

Science . . . Military Uses and Treaty Obligations

PART THREE: A NATIONAL POLICY AND PROGRAM

11. A TWENTY-YEAR PROGRAM OF ACTION

Past and Current National Program . . . Elements of a

National Program . . . Enhanced Research . . . Experi-

mental Tests . . . Unintentional Weather Modification

. . . International Programs . . . Environmental, Economic,

Legal, and Societal Studies . Federal-State-Local

Programs . . . Core Facilities

Budget Summary

12. FEDERAL ORGANIZATION AND LEADERSHIP

. . Administration . .

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