Catherine-wheels in shape. These are hung on to the ear, and it is de rigueur to do so on entering the marriage state. The eyes, in these people, as already noted, are long and slanting. The sclerotic is clearer and whiter than in the typical negro, though in most of the men it becomes very bloodshot and enhances their fierce, wicked look. The eyebrows are prominent and generally hairless-I think the hairs are pulled out purposely with tweezers. Whether there is much sign of beard or moustache I cannot say. The men I have seen are always rigidly smooth-faced. They use razors (El-morunya) of iron, made by the El-konono, a helot tribe of blacksmiths. I fancy the place of shavingsoap is taken by a thin layer of wet clay. "To shave," -barn-, also means "to scrape," in their language. I do not think, however, there is much growth of beard in these people, or that they need to shave very frequently. The shape and size of the mouth varies exceedingly in the Masai, doubtless according to the greater or less purity of the race. This feature is always large, but frequently the lips are thin, and the upper one rather inverted than everted. The teeth are generally very ugly. They are often carious, but even when sound they project at an angle from the purple-red, discoloured gum, and appear like isolated fangs. The wide space which is often seen between the two middle incisors of the upper jaw is doubtless due to artificial filing, and is supposed to aid them in the projecting of their saliva, which is such an important ceremony with these people.' Instances of marked prognathism I have never seen among the Masai. To spit on any one is a sign of respect and friendship. off the saliva is a great insult to the spitter. To wipe As regards their limbs, I have generally noticed that the forearm is long, as it often is in Africans, and that the tip of the middle finger nearly reaches the knee when the arm is dropped by the side. The forearm is generally thin and rather straight all the way down, but although the muscles do not much project they are hard as iron. These few lines of vague description are of little use to anthropologists, and I regret very much that I have not a series of body-measurements to give you, but such a thing was impossible with the Masai. They angrily rejected the proposal when I advanced with my measuringtape. The colour of their skin is a dull chocolate-brown, ordinarily, varying between the Nos. 28 and 42 of Broca's colour types. Occasionally among the wonen lighter shades may be seen, but this is generally in the vicinity of the Wa-gogo people, who are very lightcomplexioned negroes. Some Masai-more especially Wa-kwavi-are a dull black, but this tone always accompanies coarse features and indicates a mixture with captives from the black tribes east, south, and west. Hair on the body seems tolerably abundant in the usual parts, if allowed to grow at least, so I am informed--but it is always rigorously pulled out, and all the Masai I ever saw were carefully depilated. Circumcision is generally performed on the male at the age of fourteen, as far as I can ascertain that is to say, it is done as one of the preparatory rites that celebrate the attainment of manhood. The manner of operation and the result are, I believe, quite peculiar to the Masai.8 8 Præputio e superiore parte diviso, duæ quasi lingulæ sub glandem After birth, the Masai baby (who is generally quite yellow when first born), is carried in a roll of leather attached to its mother's shoulders. Female infants are considered a disappointmennt, and are often termed contemptuously "pans," or "empty, hollow vessels " (E-modi). The more boys a wife bears, the more she is esteemed. Up to the age of three both sexes alike are term "En-gera" or "children"-a word meaning "the sheep sort," or "the little sheep." Then the males are distinguished as "En-aiok" (sing. En aion), and later as "El-aiok," while the girls continue to be called En-gera until they attain puberty, when they are known as En-doye (sing. En-dito). Young men after circumcision, when they leave the family home and consort with the warriors, are called "El-barnodi,” from the roots barn, to shave, and odi, or godi, a calabash. It means that they shave or scrape the milk-calabashes (which are never cleaned with water, but by scraping and rubbing with wood-ashes) for the young warriors, and make themselves otherwise generally useful. At about the age of seventeen they become fighting-men, and join the army, which includes practically the entire manhood of the nation between the ages of seventeen and twenty-four. The young men are known as El-moran. Their dress is picturesque but scanty. In ordinary, every-day life they wear nothing, and walk about in all their splendid, shameless nudity; or if they wish to make a little. toilet, or are about to leave the camp, they sling a truduntur, ubi quum coaluerunt, fit molle et rotundum tuber glandi subjectum, ita ut paullo longius conspiciente videtur penis duplicem terminum habere. Hoc membrum apud Masaios enorme est: quod celare turpe existimatur, honestum expromere, atque etiam ostentare. Apud feminas clitoris ante matrimonium abscinditur quo facilius fiat conceptio. leathern cape about the shoulders or over one shoulder, tie a narrow leather girdle round the waist, in which to stick a knife or wooden club, and don their leather sandals, of which, by-the-bye, they are continually cutting out fresh pairs from new ox-hides, this being almost the only form of work they do not consider menial. When going to war, however, these simple adornments above described are considerably added to. The leather cape is removed, and its place is takenfirstly, by a long piece of cloth, sewn down the middle with a coloured stripe; and secondly, by a thick carapace made of kite's feathers, or, as in my sketch, by a cape made of the skins of the Colobus monkey. A cap of Colobus skin may also be worn on the head, or a striking head-dress made of ostrich feathers, and shaped roughly like an ellipse. The leather cape which ordinarily is worn round the shoulders will now be twisted round the waist like a belt, and in the folds of this are secured the knobkerry (Ol-oikuma) and the Ol-alem or sword. Sometimes a ring of goatskin, with the fur outside, or a strip of Colobus skin, will be worn round the ankles, and then, with a longbladed spear and shield four feet high, the equipment of a Masai warrior is complete. The hair of the men is combed out into long frizzles, artificially lengthened with strips of bark, and stiffened with clay and fat. Sometimes it is worn in long locks like rats'-tails, or more frequently it is drawn into a couple of pig-tails both over the forehead and at the nape of the neck. The women usually shave their heads, wholly or in part, and bestow little care on that part of their person. On the other hand, they are much more extensively clothed than the men, being enwrapped generally from head to feet in ample garments of dressed leather. Their necks, wrists, |