profane history are found in the Bible. All that we affirm concerning these things is, that the Spirit has judged the record of them necessary, and has vouched for their veracity. An objection against plenary inspiration based on the occurrence of such sections in Scripture has been employed by Coleridge. The song of Deborah, in which the tragic action of Jael is eulogised, has been put forward as an example of the error and danger of saying that all Scripture is given of God. The speeches of Job's friends are also adduced in evidence against us. But these places of Sacred Writ claim not inspiration. They are portions of ancient literature selected under Divine guidance to teach certain truths, and to show the state of society in different periods of antiquity. They are a species of vouchers for the credibility of the narrative. So are the extracts from the book of Jasher found in Joshua and 2nd Samuel. But does any one impugn church history as a veritable record, because the annalist occasionally cites the pernicious sentiments of heretics? Nor do we reckon the introduction of such sections a mark of imperfection, for they give us a dramatic view of humanity. Were you to paint the scene of the Crucifixion, would the figure of a Roman soldier among the group be either unseemly in itself, or derogatory to the glory of the illustrious Sufferer, or would any eye mistake its character and meaning in the spectacle ?'-(pp. 29, 30.)

The Singular Introduction of the English Bible into Britain, and its Consequences. London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co. THIS brochure is intended to illustrate the imperative obligation of British Christians and other nations in the present eventful period,'which duty the author takes to be the more extensive and active diffusion of the Scriptures. He calls attention to the character and labours of Tyndale, and traces the leadings of Providence in the original introduction of his version of the Scriptures (printed in Holland), as well as in its reception, and in the steps which have rendered this island the centre of a great system for the diffusion of the Scriptures throughout the world. He argues, that the circumstances of the times call for increased vigour in the discharge of a function and a duty which the providence of God has so signally imposed upon the nation, and to which, it may be believed, she owes her true greatness, and for which she has been preserved. There may be some difference of opinion as to the author's views and meanings; but there can be none as to the importance of the duty he inculcates, or as to the value of the facts he has brought together-some of which will be new to many readers. We, ourselves, most heartily sympathise in any attempts to do honour to the man to whom this nation is so much indebted as to William Tyndale; and it is no credit to this land that until lately— and indeed until now-his memory has been treated with such gross neglect. It is but recently, as this writer points out, when searching for characters with which to adorn our Senate-house, Wickliffe, the morning-star, has been very justly remembered, though, at the same time, his Bible entire has not even yet appeared in print. Tyndale, much of whose language has been reading daily, and especially with every returning Lord's day for three hundred years, has been forgotten.'

The pamphlet bears no name on the title-but the Introductory Notice is signed by Christopher Anderson, the author of the Annals of the English Bible.'

The

The New Testament Expounded and Illustrated according to the usual marginal references, in the very words of Holy Scripture. Together with the Notes and Translations and a complete Marginal Harmony of the Gospels. Part I. Containing the Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. By CHARLES MOODY, M.A. London: Longmans, 1849.

WE have not lately met with a book better calculated to be useful to the searcher of the Scriptures. The plan is expressed in the title. The parallel passages are printed in full-except where the language and sentiment of both text and reference are the same, when the editor finds means of indicating the extent of the analogy without repeating the words of the latter.

We all have heard of the value of the references to the readers of Scripture. We are of those who fully recognize their importance, and regret the number of Bibles now printed without this most useful apparatus. But in point of fact there is probably not one in fifty of even the habitual readers of the Bible who do make any regular use of the references. There are several reasons for this. The most natural one is the dislike of breaking the continuity of our reading by continually turning the leaves backward and forward; but there is also the indisposition in most men to take the trouble, and they excuse their indolence by the assertion that they obtain as much advantage by reading on as by the comparison of Scripture with Scripture. Such persons need only take a glance at this book, where all the texts are set before them, without trouble on their part, to be assured of their error. They will find the analogies indicated not merely verbal—and often not verbal at all-but material and suggestive; and they will soon feel how much Scripture treasure they have lost by this neglect. Many persons also, who are prevented by the nature of their employments from giving more than a small portion of their time to the reading of Scripture, are naturally indisposed to apply that time to any but the most direct mode of obtaining the advantages they seek. To these the work will be of great value. A downward glance of the eye is alone required to secure a benefit which has been hitherto attainable only at a great expense of time and labour.

The references, which form the basis of the present operation, are those of Dr. Blayney's standard edition of the Bible, which are known to have been selected with great care and consideration.

To many readers it may appear a very simple and easy operation to print as notes the passages to which there are references. But we can see that it must have been a work of time and expense, the ultimate recompense of which will not, we should hope, be confined to the consciousness of useful labour.

The editor's own account of one portion of his labour will be interesting:

A few words are due to the manner in which I have endeavoured to accomplish the task I have undertaken: and here I need hardly say, that I have not been satisfied with quoting merely the particular verses referred to, without in

crease

crease or diminution, as if every reference must necessarily include a whole verse, neither more nor less. To go no further than the Gospels, in cases innumerable a single reference rather serves for an index to the subject than marks out its real limits; as in the account of the Transfiguration, the leading reference, Matt. xviii. 1, includes seven verses; and so in most of the parables and other discourses of our Lord. It is the general spirit of a passage that must be the guide in ascertaining the value and extent of a reference. Again, the object of the references being to edify the student by throwing some light on the places to which they belong, they should first be made clear from their own context, and exhibit severally an independent sense, before they can be applied to the purposes of elucidation. I have, therefore, laid it down as a rule in the execution of the work to make the sense of each reference complete in itself, so as to save all further search on the part of the reader and if he finds, as assuredly he will, that a quotation contains more than the parallelism seems to require, I would only observe that it is often impossible, on account of the closeness of grammatical connexion, to extricate with the pen just so much as is applicable without degenerating into mere bald verbalism; and that this fault of redundancy, if fault it be, may readily be overcome by that quick and subtle agent, the eye, which will abstract, by an act of volition, all that is exegetically necessary. My difficulty, indeed, has been to avoid lengthy citations, especially from the prophetical works and St. Paul's Epistles; where one is too apt to be hurried away by the magnificent language of the former, and by the long reasonings of the latter, interrupted as they are with sudden digressions."

:

BIBLICAL INTELLIGENCE.

Dr. Tischendorf has now an edition of the Codex Amiatinus_in the press, founded on his own collation of the MS. and on that of Dr. Tregelles made during his stay at Florence in April and May, 1846, and communicated by him to Tischendorf. This Latin MS. is one of the greatest importance, as it is probably the best monument of Jerome's version in existence. It appears to have been written before the middle of the sixth century. The edition of the Latin New Testament published by Fleck, with (professedly) the various readings of this MS., is wholly unworthy of reliance; there are at least fourteen hundred readings given which are thoroughly inaccurate. We understand that Dr. Tregelles has compared these readings, one by one, with the MS. The collation, as published by Fleck, has greatly misled Lachmann, who had no other collation of this MS. available for his use. These incorrect readings have also been perpetuated in the Polyglott New Testament published by Steir and Theile. The so-called collation was only made in part by Fleck himself; and it is probable that in recopying the notes received from others, and in putting his own in order, some of the mistakes may have arisen. It is still the intention of Dr. Tregelles to give the version of Jerome based on this MS. in his Greek Testament by the side of the Greek Text. He will not, however, absolutely follow this one MS. (though it is the most important), but means to use other ancient authority where needful.

An edition of the important Greek and Latin MS. Codex Claromontanus (D. Epistolarum) will probably appear about the end of this year. Dr. Tischendorf transcribed the whole MS. for publication some years ago; he has since revised this transcript with the MS., and the whole will be compared with Dr. Tregelles' collation, and his re-examination of the corrections of different hands. This commendable co-operation is, we understand, the result of a proposition made by Dr. Tischendorf to Dr. Tregelles, that they should unitedly edit this MS. In consequence of this the latter scholar put the results of his labours into the hands of the former, and he has now further to make a fac simile of the MS. itself, and of the different hands by which it has been corrected.

An

An edition of the Septuagint is announced by Tischendorf as in the press.

The Rev. Isaac Williams is about to publish a New Harmony of the Four Gospels, in parallel columns, in the words of the Authorized Version, forming a companion and key to his Commentary and Harmony of the Gospels.

JERUSALEM. Mr. William Forrest, of Edinburgh, has just finished a line engraving (23 inches by 15) after a drawing by Mr. W. L. Leitch from a most accurate sketch by Lieut.-Col. M'Niven, of a view of the Holy City,' from the spot on the Mount of Olives where Christ is said to have wept over the city, embracing all the most conspicuous objects of that sacred locality.

We have just received from Germany, in three sheets, with a key in outline, a Panorama von Jerusalem, embracing a lithograph view of all the objects visible in every direction from the highest point (the roof of the Church of the Ascension) upon the Mount of Olives. This panorama, while it shows every near object with remarkable distinctness, extends in the distance to the valley of the Jordan and the mountains beyond the Dead Sea. We have not seen anything of the kind better suited to library use.

PALESTINE. We have received that portion of the Atlas accompanying Ritter's Erdkunde which belongs to Palestine and Sinai. The scale is large (3 minutes to an inch), and all the materials which have been accumulated of late years for the illustration of the geography of Palestine are here embodied and settled on the authority of the first geographer of this age. Those who know the importance and relief afforded by the possession of the latest and best information of this kind, set forth on an authority upon which entire reliance can be placed, will receive this as a most valuable boon. It is right to add that the Atlas exhibits only the actual geography, and has nothing to do with the determination of Scriptural sites.

AMERICA. The last sheets of the Commentary on the Book of Daniel, by Professor Stuart, are passing through the press. It will make an 8vo. volume, of about 450 pages, about 350 being occupied with the Commentary, and the remainder with introductory matters, etc. The body of the work has been ready for publication several years. The Introduction has been recently prepared, and the whole has been revised. Professor S. understands by the four great empires-the Babylonian, the Medo-Persian, that of Alexander the Great, and that of his immediate successors. The author goes at large into the reasons which show that the fourth dynasty was not the Roman nor the Papal. The fifth or Messianic kingdom, which is to stand for ever, is introduced only when the four dynasties are broken up. Particular pains are taken throughout the Commentary to refute the objections to the authenticity and genuineness of Daniel by such writers as Professor Lengerke, of Königsberg.

The well-known and highly valued work of Mosheim, De Rebus Christianorum ante Constantinum Magnum Commentarii, has been translated by Dr. Murdock, the translator of Mosheim's Church History, and is about to be published at Newhaven, in two volumes.

It is possible that there will soon be a version of the last edition of Dr. Winer's excellent New Testament Grammar. The translation of a former edition has long been exhausted.

The third volume of the Theological Works of the Rev. Dr. Leonard Woods, of Andover, will soon be published. Five volumes will complete the work. Many important Biblical texts are discussed by Dr. Woods, as, for example, those relating to infant baptism.

A volume has just been published in New York, entitled Historical View of the Languages and Literature of the Slavic Nations, by Talvi (Mrs. Robinson, wife of Rev. Dr. Robinson, of New York). It is a filling out of some articles which appeared in the fourth volume of the Biblical Repository. The four parts of the work treat of the History of the Old or Church Slavic Language or Literature; the Eastern Slavi, the Western Slavi, and a Sketch of the Popular Poetry of the Slavic Nations. The philological discussions in the work are said to be extremely accurate and careful.

A second

A second edition of the translation of Kühner's School or Middle Grammar, by Messrs. Edwards and Taylor, is in preparation, and will be published in New York. Various improvements, it is expected, will be made from the MS. notes of the author, and from the grammatical works of Krüger, Madvig, and others.

A Latin Lexicon, in one large octavo, principally from the great work of William Freund, will soon be published. It is prepared under the superintendence of Professor E. A. Andrews, well known among us as an accurate classical scholar. His assistants are Professors Robbins, of Middlebury College, and Turner, of the Union Theological Seminary.

The Methodist Quarterly Review (American) announces that the Rev. Charles Adams has in preparation a new work on the present state of Christianity throughout the World, intended to give a fair view of the present condition of Christ's kingdom among men.

AMERICAN THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLIES.-The April number of the Bibliotheca Sacra maintains the high standing of this periodical. The principal articles are:On the Sufferings of Christ, by Dr. Enoch Pond; The Ancient Poets and Poetry of Wales, by Edward D. Morris; On the Theology of Dr. Edwards, by the Rev. E. Smalley; An Exegetical and Theological Examination of John i. 1-18, by Moses Stuart; Of the Existence and Natural Attributes of the Divine Being, by Professor Chace; a Translation and Exposition of the Second Psalm, by Dr. Calvin Stowe; The German Universities, translated from Dr. Wimmer; and Commentaries on the Scriptures, apparently by the Editor.

The Biblical Repository has a strong number: it contains Correspondences of Faith, by the Rev. H. T. Cheever; Milton and Butler as Representatives of their Parties, by Professor Sanborn; Pantheism, by Dr. Enoch Pond; A Lecture on the First Chapter of Ecclesiastes, by Dr. Calvin Stowe; Scientific Observations, by the Rev. R. Turnbull; The Death of Christ, by the Rev. T. Spear; The Book of Proverbs, by Dr. Tayler Lewis; and Vestiges of a Redeemer in the Religions of the Ancient World, by Asahel Abbot-a noble subject too faintly handled.

The Methodist Quarterly Review has its usual proportion of secular subjects. The others are:-Wesley the Catholic, by the Rev. Charles Adams; On the Demoniacs of the New Testament, by the Rev. Silas Comfort; Inquiry into the Meaning of 2 Pet. iii. 13, by the Rev. T. U. Mudge; The Meaning of Di, by Professor Johnson; Sunday School Literature; and Life of the Rev. J. Collins. This publication has begun to adopt the practice (which we have been constrained to abandon) of giving the names of the writers.

The Theological and Literary Journal, edited by David W. Lord, has another article on Morell's Philosophy of Religion; The Dangers and Difficulties of the Ministry; Objections to the Laws of Symbolization; A Designation and Exposition of the Figures of Isaiah vii.; and a Review of Beattie's Discourse on the Millennial State of the Church.

It is stated in the American Literary World that the judicial decision against the existence of any copyrights in this country in the works of foreigners, has attracted much attention in the United States, and has deepened the desire for an international copyright, which during some past years has greatly extended in that country. According to this excellent authority, all parties may be regarded as now in favour of a change which shall protect English copyrights in America, and American copyrights here. Publishers see it to be favourable to their own interests; the public is less athirst for cheap reprints, and is more willing to give a remunerating price for works of real value; authors have long been in favour of a change; and now that the few who got well paid in England for the copyright of their works, and who, therefore, held out the last, have been or will be speedily brought by the results of this famous legal decision to concur in the general sentiment-now, then, is the time to act; and we may hope ere long to see this difficult question settled on an equitable basis- greatly to the advantage of the literature of both countries. The important bearing of this on Biblical literature we need not point out.

The Rev. W. G. Schauffler, Missionary at Constantinople, has sent to the American Oriental Society a communication respecting Shabathai Zebi, a pseudo-MesVOL. VI.NO, XI.

S

siah,