land as arising out of the Declaration of the Council of London of February 13th, 1920. As the special position of Switzerland is in accordance with the Covenant, it will also be in accordance with the present Protocol. CONCLUSION No further explanations need be added to these comments on the articles. The main principles of the Protocol are clear, as are the detailed provisions. Our purpose was to make war impossible, to kill it, to annihilate it. To do this, we had to create a system for the pacific settlement of all disputes which might ever arise. In other words, it meant the creation of a system of arbitration from which no international dispute, whether juridical or political, could escape. The plan drawn up leaves no loophole; it prohibits wars of every description and lays down that all disputes shall be settled by pacific means. But this absolute character which applies to the system of arbitration should also apply to the whole of the scheme, in regard to all questions of principle. If there were one single gap in the system, if the smallest opening were left for any measure of force, the whole system would collapse. To this end arbitration is provided for every kind of dispute, and aggression is defined in such a way as to give no cause for hesitation when the Council has to take a decision. These reasons led us to fill in the gaps in the Covenant and to define the sanctions in such a way that no possible means could be found of evading them, and that there should be a sound and definite basis for the feeling of security. Finally, the Conference for the Reduction of Armaments is indissolubly bound up with this whole system: there can be no arbitration or security without disarmament, nor can there be disarmament without arbitration and security. The peace of the world is at stake. The Fifth Assembly has undertaken a work of worldwide political importance which, if it succeeds, is destined profoundly to modify present political conditions. This year great progress in this direction has been made in our work. If we succeed, the League of Nations will have rendered an inestimable service to the whole modern world. Such success depends partly upon the Assembly itself and partly upon individual Governments. We submit to the Assembly the fruit of our labours: a work charged with the highest hopes. We beg the Assembly to examine our proposals with care, and to recommend them to the various Governments for acceptance. In this spirit and with such hopes do we request the Assembly to vote the draft resolutions 1 and 2 that are presented with this report. CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE DIVISION OF INTERCOURSE AND EDUCATION Director, NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER Assistant to the Director, HENRY S. HASKELL Division Assistant, AMY HEMINWAY JONES Interamerican Section, Director, PETER H. GOLDSMITH Cable, Interpax, New York Special Correspondents SIR WILLIAM J. COLLINS, M. P., London, England T. MIYAOKA, Tokyo, Japan OTFRIED NIPPOLD, Saarlouis, Territoire de la Sarre. (Switzerland) European Organization Advisory Council President, BARON PAUL D'Estournelles de Constant,1 France GUSTAV ADOR, Switzerland MGR. SIMON DEPLOIGE, SIR HENRY E. DUKE, England 1Died May 15, 1924. EDOARDO GIRETTI, Italy COUNT ALBERT VON MINORU OKA, Japan JOSEF REDLICH, Austria RT. HON. BARON SHAW OF Dunfermline, England W. F. TREUB, Holland ANDRÉ WEISS, France Executive Committee of the Advisory Council GUSTAV ADOR, Switzerland PAUL APPELL, France JEAN EFREMOFF, Russia BARON PAUL D'ESTOURNElles de ConsTANT, France1 European Bureau President, BARON PAUL D'Estournelles DE CONSTANT1 Vice President, JUSTIN GODART Secretary General, MLLE. M. TH. PEYLADE Auditor, TH. RUYSSEN Office of Secretariat, 173 Boulevard St.-Germain, Paris, France Cable, Interpax, Paris Correspondents of the European Bureau JACQUES DUMAS, Paris, France NORMAN ANGELL, London, England CHRISTIAN L. LANGE, Geneva, Switzerland V. A. MAKLAKOFF, Russia HENRI MONNIER, Switzerland 1Died May 15, 1924. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS International Conciliation appeared under the imprint of the American · Association for International Conciliation, No. 1, April, 1907 to No. 199, June, 1924. These documents present the views of distinguished leaders of opinion of many countries on vital international problems and reproduce the texts of official treaties, diplomatic correspondence and draft plans for international projects such as the Permanent Court of International Justice. The most recent publications are listed below. A complete list will be sent upon application to International Conciliation, 407 West 117th Street, New York City. 194. The Centenary of the Monroe Doctrine, by Charles Evans Hughes. An address delivered before the American Academy of Political and Social Science at Philadelphia, November 30, 1923; American Cooperation for World Peace, by David Jayne Hill. January, 1924. 195. The Winning Plan selected by the Jury of the American Peace Award. February, 1924. 196. Report upon Health, Sickness and Hunger among German Children, by Haven Emerson, M.D., Professor of Public Health Administration, Columbia University. March, 1924. 197. The Permanent Court of International Justice, by John Bassett Moore. The United States and the Court. Information regarding the Court. April, 1924. 198. Maps showing Territorial Changes since the World War, the Transfer of the German Cables and the League of Nations in 1923, compiled by Lawrence Martin, Washington, D. C. May, 1924. 199. Summary of Part I of the Report of the First (Dawes) Committee of Experts. Questions resulting from the Corfu Incident Submitted September 28, 1923, by the Council of the League of Nations to the Special Commission of Jurists and the Replies of that Commission: Lord Parmoor's Comments. June, 1924. 200. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Organization and Work, compiled by Amy Heminway Jones, Division Assistant. July, 1924. 201. A Practical Plan for Disarmament: Draft Treaty of Disarmament and Security, Submitted to the League of Nations by an American Group; with Introduction and Commentary by James Thomson Shotwell. August, 1924. 202. An Analysis of the American Immigration Act of 1924, by John B. Trevor, M.A., formerly Captain Military Intelligence Division, U.S.A., Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. September, 1924. 203. America's Part in Advancing the Administration of International Justice, by Edwin B. Parker, Umpire, Mixed Claims Commission, United States and Germany. October, 1924. 204. The Dawes Report on German Reparation Payments, by George A. Finch. The London Conference on the Application of the Dawes Plan, by George A. Finch. November, 1924. 205. Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes: Text and Analysis; with an Introduction by James Thomson Shotwell. December, 1924. |