AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION

SEC. 29. The appropriation of such sums as may be necessary for the enforcement of this Act is hereby authorized.

ACT OF MAY 19, 1921

SEC. 30. The Act entitled "An Act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States," approved May 19, 1921, as amended and extended, shall, notwithstanding its expiration on June 30, 1924, remain in force thereafter for the imposition, collection, and enforcement of all penalties that may have accrued thereunder and any alien who prior to July 1, 1924, may have entered the United States in violation of such Act or regulations made thereunder may be deported in the same manner as if such Act had not expired.

TIME OF TAKING EFFECT

SEC. 31. (a) Sections 2, 8, 13, 14, 15, and 16, and subdivision (f) of section 11, shall take effect on July 1, 1924, except that immigration visas and permits may be issued prior to that date, which shall not be valid for admission to the United States before July 1, 1924. In the case of quota immigrants of any nationality, the number of immigration visas to be issued prior to July 1, 1924, shall not be in excess of 10 per-centum of the quota for such nationality, and the number of immigration visas so issued shall be deducted from the number which may be issued during the month of July, 1924. In the case of immigration visas issued before July 1, 1924, the four-month period referred to in subdivision (c) of section 2 shall begin to run on July 1, 1924, instead of at the time of the issuance of the immigration visa.

(b) The remainder of this Act shall take effect upon its enact

ment.

(c) If any alien arrives in the United States before July 1, 1924, his right to admission shall be determined without regard to the provisions of this Act, except section 23.

SAVING CLAUSE IN EVENT OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY

SEC. 32. If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

Approved, May 26, 1924.

APPENDIX "B"

A STUDY OF THE POPULATION OF THE

UNITED STATES

BY

JOHN B. TREVOR, M.A.

Since the immigration committees of Congress caused to be printed a study of the population of the United States (see print for use of Immigration Committee, United States Senate, and House Report No. 350), the data therein presented has been reexamined and checked by a new analysis based on a method distinct in some respects from that previously adopted. A comparison of the allotments made under both systems of computing the numerical equivalent of the persons contributed to our population by the various nations of the world show an approximation sufficiently close to justify the conclusions based upon the preliminary study. The relative simplicity of the method which is about to be explained, and the working out of the data to cover all elements of the population, indigenous, native and foreign born, should make the new table determinative where any discrepancies in the results exist.

The population of the United States as enumerated in 1920 was 105,710,620. It is composed of a white population, native born of native parentage amounting to 58,421,957, an element characterized by the Census Bureau as foreign stock, that is, foreign born, native born of foreign parentage and native born of mixed parentage-one parent native and one parent foreign born, amounting to 36,398,958, and a balance of predominately native born of negro descent, some American Indians and a relatively small proportion of Asiatics, amounting in all to 10,889,705.

The Census Bureau in a publication entitled "Increase of Population in the United States, 1910-1920, Census Monograph No. 1," has amplified the results of earlier researches published in "A Century of Population Growth," concerning the compo

sition of our population in 1900. As reference to this latter publication has been made in the preliminary study of this question, it is merely necessary to say now that as a result of a perfected formula (Increase of Population in the United States, 1910-1920, pages 189 to 193), the Census Bureau estimate the numerical equivalent of the descendants from white persons enumerated in the first census taken by the Government in the year 1790 at 47,330,000 to 47,370,000. Owing to the fact that an adaptation has been made of the method by which the latter figure 47,370,000 was arrived at, this figure has been selected as the basis for this study. Furthermore, the method itself used in reaching this basic figure has been applied to ascertain the numerical equivalent of the descendants of the 275,000 immigrants who entered the country between 1790 and 1820, which amounts to 1,716,402. It should be added that this figure of 275,000 (Increase of Population in the United States, 1910-1920, page 195) is an estimate by the Census Bureau based on such data as was available prior to the regular collection of statistics on immigration which commenced in 1820. As the element which entered the country between 1790 and 1820 possessed the same racial characteristics, or national derivation, perhaps we had better say, since we are dealing with national origins, as those who were enumerated by the census of 1790, they should be added to the basic figure of 47,370,000, giving a total of 49,086,402. For the purpose of this study, we may call this element the basic stock of the population which we can apportion on a basis of numerical equivalents contributed from foreign sources in such proportion as has been indicated in the census publication "A Century of Population Growth" (page 121), hereinbefore referred to.

Now, if to this group of basic stock we add the 36,398,958 characterized by the census as foreign stock to which reference has already been made, and also the composite colored element which has been classified by the census, a total is obtained amounting to 96,375,065, to which we can give national attributions, as will be later demonstrated on the basis of estimates already computed by the United States Census authorities prior to the conception of the Act of 1924. This sum of 96,375,065 subtracted from the total population of the United States gives a numerical equivalent amounting to 9,335,555, whose derivation is wholly undetermined. In apportioning

these various groups for the purpose of this study, the basic stock has been allotted to the national groups in the proportion that the nations from which their forebears sprang contributed to the population as enumerated in 1790.1

In a previous paragraph allusion has been made to the element classified by the Census Bureau as foreign stock (Vol. II, United States Census, 1920, page 897). This large group, amounting to approximately one-third of the population as enumerated on that date, was apportioned in accordance with their birth or parentage to the nations of the world, on the basis of a pre-war map, it having been found impossible in the case of the native born of foreign parentage to ascertain the province or city from which the parents of many of these people originated, although their nationality in accordance with the map of the period of their immigration was ascertainable without peradventure of doubt. Owing to this fact, there are not only some inconsistencies in the figures between the census tables for country of birth (page 694) and country of origin of foreign white stock (page 897), but also, as has just been indicated, a redistribution of the whole group is necessary to conform with the present boundaries of Europe.

A reapportionment of the 36,398,958 foreign stock has been accomplished on the basis of distribution of the foreign born in the United States, in accordance with the post-war map; for example, the total number of persons born within the pre-war boundaries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire amounted to 2,021,926 (page 688, Vol. II, United States Census, 1920). The percentage of the foreign born assignable to each of the component parts has been applied to the total foreign white stock as it appears on page 897, Vol. II, United States Census, 1920. (4,240,703 plus 133,996, that proportion of those persons of mixed foreign parentage whose fathers were Austro-Hungarian, as given on page 900, Table 4, Vol. II, United States Census, 1920, that is to say-4,374,699.) This figure is the total which may be regarded as the Austro-Hungarian strains in accordance with the Census enumerations. It should be noted, of course,

1 In order to be consistent, the descendants of the Irish population in the United States in 1790, amounting to 61,534, or 1.9% of the total number of persons enumerated at that time, have been apportioned between the Free State and North Ireland, on the basis of the relation between the present estimated distribution of immigrants originating in those areas, although the evidence points to the fact that the Irish in the United States during the Colonial period were predominately from the north of Ireland.

that in the case of countries such as Poland and Yugoslavia, which are composed of cessions of territory or accretions from various sources, due account has been taken of the fact.

In the case of Ireland, a peculiar difficulty arises from the circumstance that no division of the population on the basis of the Free State and North Ireland is printed in Vol. II of the Census of 1920. The number of foreign born persons assigned, therefore, in the table on the two following pages has been arrived at by taking the figure for the quota allotted to the Irish Free State on a 2% basis of 1920 (see page 17, House of Representatives, 68th Congress, 1st Session, Report No. 350), deducting 100, dividing by 2 and multiplying by 100. The result given by this calculation is obviously the Census Bureau's estimate of the number of foreign born persons whose place of birth is attributable to the Irish Free State, viz: 723,800. This figure of 723,800 deducted from the total 1,037,233 enables us by calculating the percentage, to arrive at the proportion of persons born within the Free State which may be applied to the total Irish foreign stock (4,286,720) for the purpose of distributing that element between the Free State and North Ireland. Obviously, the balance not assigned to the Free State is grouped for quota purposes under the heading "Great Britain and North Ireland."

Turning now to the third column of the table comprising a group amounting to 9,335,555, to whom reference has been made before as the numerical equivalent of the native born of native parentage, the national origin of whose parents is wholly indefinite, the following method of apportionment has been adopted. Clearly, this element represents the contribution of eight decades, of which the last which may reasonably be considered as having added substantially to our total population, is that of 1890-1900. Owing to the fact that the proportion of the various nationalities contributed by immigration to our foreign born population has varied with every decade, each of the eight decades has been treated as a separate group, and the natural rate of increase of the total population has been applied to the net immigration for each of the said decades. The total so arrived at, obviously, is not usable, because it comprises all the persons included in the 36,398,958, who have already been disposed of. The proportions which the descendants attributed to each of the eight decades bear to the total increase of the population by immigration between 1820 and 1900, having been ascertained, it is, therefore,