national priorities, taking into account the recommendations made by the Intergovernmental Working Group of the Committee on Science and Technology for Development. 8. The United Nations system should play a major role, with appropriate financing, in achieving the above-stated objectives and in developing scientific and technological cooperation between all states in order to ensure the application of science and technology to development. The work of the relevant United Nations bodies, in particular that of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the United Nations Development Program, to facilitate the transfer and diffusion of technology should be given urgent priority. The Secretary-General of the United Nations should take steps to ensure that the technology and experience available within the United Nations system is widely disseminated and readily available to the developing countries in need of it. 9. The World Health Organization and the competent organs of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Children's Fund, should intensify the international effort aimed at improving health conditions in developing countries by giving priority to prevention of disease and malnutrition and by providing primary health services to the communities, including maternal and child health and family welfare. 10. Since the outflow of qualified personnel from developing to developed countries seriously hampers the development of the former, there is an urgent need to formulate national and international policies to avoid the "brain drain" and to obviate its adverse effects. IV. INDUSTRIALIZATION 1. The General Assembly endorses the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development Cooperation and requests all governments to take individually and/or collectively the necessary measures and decisions required to implement effectively their undertakings in terms of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action. 2. Developed countries should facilitate the development of new policies and strengthen existing policies, including labor market policies, which would encourage the redeployment of their industries which are less competitive internationally to developing countries, thus leading to structural adjustments in the former and a higher degree of utilization of natural and human resources in the latter. Such policies may take into account the economic structure and the economic, social and security objectives of the developed countries concerned and the need for such industries to move into more viable lines of production or into other sectors of the economy. 3. A system of consultations as provided for by the Lima Plan of Action should be established at the global, regional, interregional and sectoral levels within the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and within other appropriate international bodies, between developed and developing countries and among developing countries themselves, in order to facilitate the achievement of the goals set forth in the field of industrialization, including the redeployment of certain productive capacities existing in developed countries and the creation of new industrial facilities in developing countries. In this context, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization should serve as a forum for negotiation of agreements in the field of industry between developed and developing countries and among developing countries themselves, at the request of the countries concerned. 4. The Executive Director of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization should take immediate action to ensure the readiness of that organization to serve as a forum for consultations and negotiation of agreements in the field of industry. In reporting to the next session of the Industrial Development Board on actions taken in this respect, the Executive Director should also include proposals for the establishment of a system of consultations. The Industrial Development Board is invited to draw up, at an early date, the rules of procedure according to which this system would operate. 5. To promote cooperation between developed and developing countries, both should endeavor to disseminate appropriate information about their priority areas for industrial cooperation and the form they would like such cooperation to take. The efforts undertaken by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development on tripartite cooperation between countries having different economic and social systems could lead to constructive proposals for the industrialization of developing countries. 6. Developed countries should, whenever possible, encourage their enterprises to participate in investment projects within the framework of the development plans and programs of the developing countries which so desire; such participation should be carried out in accordance with the laws and regulations of the developing countries concerned. 7. A joint study should be undertaken by all governments under the auspices of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, in consultation with the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, making full use of the knowledge, experience and capacity existing in the United Nations system of methods and mechanisms for diversified financial and technical cooperation which are geared to the special and changing requirements of international industrial cooperation, as well as of a general set of guidelines for bilateral industrial cooperation. A progress report on this study should be submitted to the General Assembly at its thirty-first session. 8. Special attention should be given to the particular problems in the industrialization of the least developed, landlocked and island developing countries-in order to put at their disposal those technical and financial resources as well as critical goods which need to be provided to them to enable them to overcome their specific problems and to play their due role in the world economy, warranted by their human and material resources. 9. The General Assembly endorses the recommendation of the Second General Conference of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization to convert that organization into a specialized agency and decides to establish an intergovernmental committee of the whole, including states which participated in the Second General Conference, to meet in Vienna to draw up a constitution for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization as a specialized agency, to be submitted to a conference of plenipotentiaries to be convened by the Secretary-General in the last quarter of 1976. 10. In view of the importance of the forthcoming World Employment Conference, governments should undertake adequate preparations and consultations. V. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1. The solution to world food problems lies primarily in increasing rapidly food production in the developing countries. To this end, urgent and necessary changes in the pattern of world food production should be introduced and trade policy measures should be implemented, in order to obtain a notable increase in agricultural production and the export earnings of developing countries. 2. To achieve these objectives, it is essential that developed countries and developing countries in a position to do so should substantially increase the volume of assistance to developing countries for agriculture and food production, and that developed countries should effectively facilitate access to their markets for food and agricultural products of export interest to developing countries, both in raw and processed form, and adopt adjustment measures, where necessary. 3. Developing countries should accord high priority to agricultural and fisheries development, increase investment accordingly and adopt policies which give adequate incentives to agricultural producers. It is a responsibility of each state concerned, in accordance with its sovereign judgment and development plans and policies, to promote interaction between expansion of food production and socioeconomic reforms, with a view to achieving an integrated rural development. The further reduction of post harvest food losses in developing countries should be undertaken as a matter of priority, with a view to reaching at least a 50 percent reduction by 1985. All countries and competent international organizations should cooperate financially and technically in the effort to achieve this objective. Particular attention should be given to improvement in the systems of distribution of foodstuffs. 4. The Consultative Group on Food Production and Investment in Developing Countries should quickly identify developing countries having the potential for most rapid and efficient increase of food production, as well as the potential for rapid agricultural expansion in other developing countries, especially the countries with food deficits. Such an assessment would assist developed countries and the competent international organizations to concentrate resources for the rapid increase of agricultural production in the developing countries. 5. Developed countries should adopt policies aimed at ensuring a stable supply and sufficient quantity of fertilizers and other production inputs to developing countries at reasonable prices. They should also provide assistance to, and promote investments in, developing countries to improve the efficiency of their fertilizer and other agricultural input industries. Advantage should be taken of the mechanism provided by the International Fertilizer Supply Scheme. 6. In order to make additional resources available on concessional terms for agricultural development in developing countries, developed countries and developing countries in a position to do so should pledge, on a voluntary basis, substantial contributions to the proposed International Fund for Agricultural Development so as to enable it to come into being by the end of 1975, with initial resources of SDR [special drawing rights] 1,000 million. Thereafter, additional resources should be provided to the Fund on a continuing basis. 7. In view of the significant impact of basic and applied agricultural research on increasing the quantity and quality of food production, developed countries should support the expansion of the work of the existing international agricultural research centers. Through their bilateral programs they should strengthen their links with these international research centers and with the national agricultural research centers in developing countries. With respect to the improvement of the productivity and competitiveness with synthetics of nonfood agricultural and forestry products, research and technological assistance should be coordinated and financed through an appropriate mechanism. 8. In view of the importance of food aid as a transitional measure, all countries should accept both the principle of a minimum food aid target and the concept of forward planning of food aid. The target for the 1975-1976 season should be 10 million tons of food grains. They should also accept the principle that food aid should be channelled on the basis of objective assessment of requirements in the recipient countries. In this respect all countries are urged to participate in the Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture. 9. Developed countries should increase the grant component of food aid, where food is not at present provided as grants, and should accept multilateral channelling of these resources at an expanding rate. In providing food grains and financing on soft terms to developing countries in need of such assistance, developed countries and the World Food Program should take due account of the interests of the food-exporting developing countries and should ensure that such assistance includes, wherever possible, purchases of food from the food exporting developing countries. 10. Developed countries and developing countries in a position to do so should provide food grains and financial assistance on most favorable terms to the most seriously affected countries, to enable them to meet their food and agricultural development requirements within the constraints of their balance-of-payments position. Donor countries should also provide aid on soft terms, in cash and in kind, through bilateral and multilateral channels, to enable the most seriously affected countries to obtain their estimated requirements of about 1 million tons of plant nutrients during 1975-1976. 11. Developed countries should carry out both their bilateral and multilateral food aid channelling in accordance with the procedures of the Principles of Surplus Disposal of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations so as to avoid causing undue fluctuations in market prices or the disruption of commercial markets for exports of interest to exporting developing countries. 12. All countries should subscribe to the International Undertaking on World Food Security. They should build up and maintain world food-grain reserves, to be held nationally or regionally and strategically located in developed and developing, importing and exporting countries, large enough to cover foreseeable major production shortfalls. Intensive work should be con tinued on a priority basis in the World Food Council and other appropriate forums in order to determine, inter alia, the size of the required reserve, taking into account among other things the proposal made at the current session that the components of wheat and rice in the total reserve should be 30 million tons. The World Food Council should report to the General Assembly on this matter at its thirty-first session. Developed countries should assist developing countries in their efforts to build up and maintain their agreed shares of such reserves. Pending the establishment of the world food-grain reserve, developed countries and developing countries in a position to do so should earmark stocks and/or funds to be placed at the disposal of the World Food Program as an emergency reserve to strengthen the capacity of the Program to deal with crisis situations in developing countries. The aim should be a target of not less than 500,000 tons. 13. Members of the General Assembly reaffirm their full support for the resolutions of the World Food Conference and call upon the World Food Council to monitor the implementation of the provisions under Section V of the present resolution and to report to the General Assembly at its thirty-first session. VI. COOPERATION AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1. Developed countries and the United Nations system are urged to provide, as and when requested, support and assistance to developing countries in strengthening and enlarging their mutual cooperation at subregional, regional and interregional levels. In this regard, suitable institutional arrangements within the United Nations development system should be made and, when appropriate, strengthened, such as those within the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the United Nations Development Program. 2. The Secretary-General, together with the relevant organizations of the United Nations system, is requested to continue to provide support to ongoing projects and activities, and to commission further studies through institutions in developing countries, which would take into account the material already available within the United Nations system, including in particular the regional commissions and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and in accordance with existing subregional and regional arrangements. These further studies, which should be submitted to the General Assembly at its thirty-first session, should, as a first step, cover: (a) Utilization of know-how, skills, natural resources, technology and funds available within developing countries for promotion of investments in industry, agriculture, transport and communications; (b) Trade liberalization measures including payments and clearing arrangements, covering primary commodities, manufactured goods and services, such as banking, shipping, insurance and reinsurance; (c) Transfer of technology. 3. These studies on cooperation among developing countries, together with other initiatives, would contribute to the evolution towards a system for the economic development of developing countries. VII. RESTRUCTURING OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SECTORS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM 1. With a view to initiating the process of restructuring the United Nations system so as to make it more fully capable of dealing with problems of international economic cooperation and development in a comprehensive and effective manner, in pursuance of General Assembly Resolutions 3172 (XXVIII) of December 17, 1973, and 3343 (XXIX) of December 17, 1974, and to make it more responsive to the requirements of the provisions of the Declaration and the Program of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order as well as those of the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, an Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System, which shall be a committee of the whole of the General Assembly open to the participation of all states, is hereby established to prepare detailed action proposals. The Ad Hoc Committee should start its work immediately and inform the General Assembly at its thirtieth session on the progress made, and submit its report to the Assembly at its thirty-first session, through the Economic and Social Council at its resumed session. The Ad Hoc Committee should take into account in its work, inter alia, the relevant proposals and documentation submitted in preparation for the Seventh Special Session of the General Assembly pursuant to Assembly Resolution 3343 (XXIX) and other relevant decisions, including the report of the Group of Experts on the Structure of the United Nations System, entitled A New United Nations Structure for Global Economic Cooperation, the records of the relevant deliberations of the Economic and Social Council, the Trade and Development Board, the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Program and the Seventh Special Session of the General Assembly, as well as the results of the forthcoming deliberations on institutional arrangements of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its fourth session and of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Program at its fourth session. All United Nations organs, including the regional commissions, as well as the specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, are invited to participate at the executive level in the work of the Ad Hoc Committee and to respond to requests that the Committee may make to them for information, data or views. 2. The Economic and Social Council should meanwhile continue the process of rationalization and reform which it has undertaken in accordance with Council Resolution 1768 (LIV) of May 18, 1973, and General Assembly Resolution 3341 (XXIX) of December 17, 1974, and should take into full consideration those recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee that fall within the scope of these resolutions at the latest at its resumed sixty-first session. A footnote to the first sentence of Sec. VII, par. 1, of the Resolution states: The Ad Hoc Committee of Congressional Advisers to the Seventh Special Session of the United Nations, in a report to the Chairmen of the House Committee on International Relations and the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, stated, in part: Certain of the proposals contained in the final resolution will require congressional action or concurrence. While we are still awaiting final distillation of those items requiring action by the legislative branch, some of the key measures are: Senate consent to the tin commodity agreement; Establishment of an International Investment Trust; Congressional appropriation for the replenishment of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the International Development Association (IDA), and the International Monetary Fund. Funds for the $10 billion development security facility proposed by Secretary Kissinger do not require congressional approval, but will be made available from existing IMF resources. We note, with particular satisfaction, that many of the Secretary's initiatives at the Seventh Special Session are already contained in the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1975 developed by the House International Relations Committee. These include a $200 million U.S. contribution to the proposed International Fund for Agricultural Development; increased use of U.S. universities in programs of agricultural research and extension in developing countries; U.S. assistance to help developing countries seek new sources of energy to reduce their dependence on expensive imported oil; new approaches to development and dissemination of technology which is suitable to conditions in developing countries; greater support for integrated health/nutrition/family planning programs making greater use of |