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implementing UNDP country programs as well as regional, interregional and global projects so that the above considerations can be properly applied;

(f) Requests the Administrator to report on all UNDP actions on the integration of women in development, taking into consideration the experience of countries with different social and economic systems, including:

(i) Planning, formulation, implementation and evaluation of UNDP projects and programs.

(ii) Response to relevant Economic and Social Council and General Assembly resolutions on this subject; and

(g) Invites the Administrator to continue the action he has undertaken to increase the number of women in decisionmaking posts within the UNDP administration.

The Governing Council's decision is at U.N. Doc. DP/L.298/Add.2/Corr. 1, Jan. 28, 1975. See also pp. 27-28 and Annex C to Report of the U.S. Delegation to the 19th Session of the Governing Council of the UNDP, Jan. 15-Feb. 3, 1975, U.N. Headquarters, New York, submitted to the Secretary of State by Clarence Clyde Ferguson, Jr., U.S. Representative. Dept. of State File IO/OIC.

On March 10, 1975, Patricia Hutar, U.S. Representative on the Consultative Committee for the World Conference of the International Women's Year on Employment and Economic Roles, made a statement to that Committee urging equal pay and equal job opportunity for men and women workers and recommending against protective legislation applicable to women only. The following is an excerpt from her statement:

In spite of the national and international instruments adopted over the years to require equal pay and equal opportunity for wage earners, women are still not receiving equal treatment. When equal pay requirements are not observed, women tend to constitute a cheap alternative to male labor-a condition that is as undesirable as the devices that reduce female opportunity.

equal opportunity for employment carries with it, of course, the implication of equal access to training.

In these connections, my delegation would like to emphasize that protective legislation for women only may, in the modern world, tend to be restrictive in nature and serve to reinforce the discrimination against women on economic grounds. We feel that with certain obvious exceptions, standards for protection should-where possible-apply to men and women workers equally.

The text of Ms. Hutar's statement is contained in Press Release USUN 20(75), Mar. 11, 1975.

The United States participated along with 132 other nations in the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year, held at Mexico City from June 19 to July 2, 1975. The United States was represented by a delegation headed by Patricia Hutar, United States Representative on the Commission. on the Status of Women of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and Daniel Parker, Administrator of the Agency for

International Development, for the first three days, and thereafter by Ms. Hutar. The Conference had been called in response to General Assembly Resolution 3010 (XXVII) of December 18, 1972, proclaiming 1975 as International Women's Year; Economic and Social Council Resolution 1849 (LVI), adopting the program for International Women's Year; and General Assembly Resolution 3275 (XXIX), calling for full implementation of the program.

The Conference adopted unanimously a World Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Objectives of International Women's Year. It also adopted the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace, 1975, by a vote of 89 to 3, with 18 abstentions. The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany voted against the Declaration. In addition, a number of resolutions as well as a recommendation for convening a second world conference in 1980, were approved.

The World Plan of Action is not legally binding. It maps guidelines directed at national governments, regional and international bodies to accelerate women's full participation in economic, social, political, and cultural life. The Plan stresses the need to increase the role of women in development and in the decisionmaking processes in their own countries, and it spells out specific areas for national action, including political participation, education and training, economic issues, including "equality of opportunity and conditions of employment, including remuneration," health and nutrition, the family in modern society, population, housing, and social services. There is a section on international and regional action and a final section on review and appraisal of progress.

The United States, in a closing statement about the Plan of Action, referred to several areas it would have liked to have amended. The statement follows:

Chapter II, section D (on "Employment and related economic roles") should provide that governments, employers, and trade unions should ensure to all women workers freedom from discrimination because of pregnancy, in hiring, leave, insurance, reemployment, and all other conditions of employment. Disabilities caused or contributed to by childbirth and pregnancyrelated conditions should be treated for all job related purposes like any other temporary disability. Leave for child rearing purposes should be liberal, especially in the early years, and should be available to either parent (par. 100).

Section F (on "The family in modern society”) should stipulate that appropriate temporary or permanent allowances should be provided for disabled spouses and spouses who had lost opportunities for education or employment because of homemaking

responsibilities or because of providing education for the other spouse. Each parent should be liable for the support of children within the parent's means, taking into account the desirability of the spouse with custody of the children remaining at home.

In chapter III (on "Research, data collection and analysis"), provisions should be added to indicate that more data needed to be collected on women in particular but it is equally important to establish their relative position vis-a-vis men. Research and data analysis should, therefore, look at both women and men. Paragraph 166 should include provision for funds and staff to be allocated by governments and international agencies to develop a scientific and reliable data base.

Chapter VI (on "Review and appraisal") should state that, beginning in 1976, all appropriate bodies of the United Nations system should include in their development, assistance plans, programs, sector analysis, and project documents, where relevant and feasible, a statement of how the proposed assistance activities will affect women as participants and beneficiaries. These statements would serve both as guides to the design, review and implementation of appropriate assistance activities and as standards for their later evaluation.

Two draft declarations were presented to the Conference: one prepared by the developing nations, called the Declaration of Mexico, the other prepared by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany. Both declarations were statements of principle. The major difference between them was the omission from the three-state declaration of highly political issues, such as references to the word Zionism and to the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, which appear in the Declaration of Mexico. The three-state declaration was not pressed to a vote, and the Declaration of Mexico was adopted.

In explanation of the United States vote against the Declaration of Mexico, Ms. Hutar made the following statement:

The U.S. delegation regrets that this conference must conIclude with a declaration which remains unacceptable to a number of countries.

There are, to be sure, many paragraphs and ideas in the declaration which we strongly support. Many of these paragraphs dealing with the problems and concerns of women for which this conference was convened-are very similar to those in the draft declaration which we cosponsored. We believe this illustrates the closeness of our views on the women's issues and the solidarity of our efforts here to gain full and equal participation of women as decision-makers in the economic, political, and social life of their countries and to eliminate sexism.

My delegation, along with the delegations of the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany, made repeated efforts to enter into serious negotiations about other political and economic points in the Group of 77's draft on which there

was disagreement. However, there was no opportunity to pursue such negotiations. We deeply regret, therefore, there was no chance to work out language on those parts of the draft declaration which we could not accept.

We find this all the more disappointing because we share the deep concern expressed at this conference for the role of women in the developing countries. We have joined in supporting resolutions designed to improve their status and assure their participation in society on an equal basis with men.

The draft declaration of principles before the conference today also contains certain formulations and references to certain U.N. documents which the United States has consistently opposed. For this reason, the United States voted against operative paragraphs 18 and 19 when the draft was considered in the First Committee. The United States remains willing to enter into serious negotiations to narrow the remaining differences where they exist on specific economic issues, but we obviously cannot do so at this conference.

An additional reason for our position today is the inclusion of four paragraphs which unnecessarily encumber the declaration with specific political viewpoints not shared by many delegations. References to "Zionism" appear to associate this conference with a campaign against the State of Israel, and carry the implication that the State of Israel should be eliminated. The United States strongly opposes any provisions of this nature directed against one member of the United Nations.

my delegation has been guided throughout this conference by the belief that this was a meeting of all nations of the world to promote the status and the role of women throughout the world. We believe we should fairly reflect, therefore, the concerns of all those represented here. We should try to reach conclusions with which we can all agree.

We have been able to do so to a considerable extent at this conference. However, differences do remain. When they do, and on matters of importance, my delegation must register clearly its disagreement.

Accordingly, . . . my delegation voted against the declaration. In doing so, I also wish to reiterate the intention of the U.S. delegation and women throughout the United States to work with determination and good will to implement the World Plan of Action, the only major document unanimously adopted.

The United States sponsored or cosponsored six resolutions which were adopted by the Conference. These concerned women in the employ of the United Nations; family planning and integration of women in development; education and training; a research and training institute; measures for the integration of women in development; and participation of women in international confer

ences.

For the texts of the World Plan of Action, the Declaration of Mexico, regional plans of action, resolutions, decisions, and a recommendation for the convening

of a second world conference in 1980, see U.N. Doc. E/5725, July 11, 1975. For statements made in plenary session by Patricia Hutar, head of the U.S. Delegation, on June 20 and July 2, 1975, together with the texts of resolutions sponsored or cosponsored by the United States, and the text of the World Plan of Action, except for Appendix II, see also Dept. of State Bulletin, Vol. LXXIII, No. 1886, Aug. 18, 1975, pp. 233–261.

The U.N. General Assembly, at its 30th Session, adopted the following resolutions relative to women:

Res. 3416 (XXX)-employment of women in the Secretariat of the U.N., adopted Dec. 8, 1975, by vote of 101-0-0.

Res. 3505 (XXX)-integration of women in the development process, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, without vote.

Res. 3519 (XXX)-—women's participation in the strengthening of international peace and security and in the struggle against colonialism, racism, racial discrimination, foreign aggression, occupation and all forms of foreign domination, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, by vote of 90-21(U.S.)-22.

Res. 3520 (XXX)—World Conference of the International Women's Year, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, by vote of 107-1-26(U.S.).

Res. 3521 (XXX) equality between men and women and elimination of discrimination against women, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, by vote of 102-3(U.S.)-26. Res. 3522 (XXX)-improvement of the economic status of women for their effective and speedy participation in the development of their countries, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, without vote.

Res. 3523 (XXX)-women in rural areas, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, by vote of 132(U.S.)-0-1.

Res. 3524 (XXX)-measures for the integration of women in development, adopted Dec. 15, 1975, without objection.

Ambassador Barbara M. White, U.S. Representative, explained in plenary session on Dec. 15 that the United States was abstaining on Res. 3520 (XXX) because of its blanket endorsement of all resolutions resulting from the World Conference of the International Women's Year and the ambiguity of its call for action to implement not only the World Plan of Action but also "related resolutions," a term which might be understood to refer to the political resolutions of the Conference which the United States had objected to. She considered that the reference in the World Plan of Action to the Decade to Combat Racial Discrimination (which the United States had ceased to support following the U.N. vote on Nov. 10, 1975 (GA Res. 3379 (XXX)), equating Zionism with racism) was no longer valid. With respect to Res. 3519 (XXX), she stated the U.S. objection to reaffirming the Declaration of Mexico "with its uncalled for and unacceptable references to Zionism." See Press Release USUN-188(75), Dec. 15, 1975. For statements by Carmen R. Maymi, U.S. Representative in UNGA Committee III, on Dec. 3 and 5, 1975, relative to fulfillment of the goals of International Women's Year in the U.N., and the U.S. attitude toward the various draft resolutions, see Dept. of State Bulletin, Vol. LXXIV, No. 1909, Jan. 26, 1976, pp. 110-115.

On December 18, 1975, the Foreign Relations Committee of the U.S. Senate reported favorably the Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights to Women (Senate Executive D, 81st Congress, 1st Session) and the [U.N.] Convention on Political Rights of Women (Senate Executive J, 88th Congress, 1st Session). The Inter-American Convention, signed in 1948, had been pending in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee since 1949, and the other Convention, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1952, had been pending in the Committee since 1963.

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