that it will rise as a distinctly human expression and realization. It may require twenty-five, or even fifty years-two generations, to complete it on the scale now proposed, with possible extensions in a later time. Thus it will arise in this new modern time, and on this advanced shore of the world's progress, somewhat as the grand cathedrals of Eurone arose, piled up by the labors of millions lifting now a stone and now another to its place, its courses laid in that fidelity which affirms and reaffirms a noble purpose, its completion assured in the constancy of a people enamored of a sacred idea.

The greatness of California will be

demonstrated, or else its littleness will be made manifest, by the way in which we deal with this project. The State faces its opportunity, and, standing before it, faces the world. We have the chance to signalize in an enduring and monumental way our passing into the second half-century of Statehood. Nothing would so clearly prove our right to be here in the golden world, sheltered under the Sierra grandeurs, and facing the Pacific vastness, as to take from the architect's sheets this grand idea and make of it a veritable utility, a realized expression of beauty. Let California arise and build on its beloved shore its City of Education!

I

N THE September number of Harper's Monthly Magazine, there is an article, "Concerning the Jews," written by Mark Twain as a public answer to a private letter of an attorney, in which he asks Mark Twain to give some reason for the prejudice against the Jew. The answer starts out with the idea that Mark Twain is unbiased and unprejudiced, and hence the inference that his opinion might be regarded as just and right. Throughout the article, however, there is easily traced that spirit which the author denies at the outset.

From many of the statements Mark Twain makes regarding the various traits of the Jew, it is plain that they are not only tinged with malice and prejudice, but are incorrect and false. And thus I feel impelled to answer these false charges lest they be misleading.

"In the United States he was created free in the beginning he did not need to help, of course."

That the above insinuation is not historically correct, and shows how little the writer was informed, I beg leave to give the following account of the patriotic part in which the Jews were engaged during the early days of our history and the "help" they gave morally and financially during the Revolutionary period.

Just after the close of the Revolution the census of the States showed a population of four millions, among whom three thousand were Jews. The Jewish colonists of that period, comparatively recent settlers and few in number though they were, furnished, as usual in all struggles for liberty, more than their proportion of supporters to the Colonial cause. They not only risked their lives, but aided materially with their money to equip and maintain the armies of the Revolution. That they also took an active part in the earliest stages of resistance to the encroachments of the mother country is proved by the signatures to the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765. Nine Jews signed the resolutions, the adoption of which was the first organized movement in the agitation which eleven years later gave this country

its independence from England. The original document in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, bears the following names on the first roll of American patriots: Benjamin Levy, Samson Levy, Joseph Jacobs, Hyman Levy, Jr., David Franks, Mathias Bush, Michael Gratz, Barnard Gratz, Moses Mordecai.

Another Jewish patriot who helped the Revolutionary cause in making history, was Hyam Salomon, who gave $300,000, an immense fortune for those days. Manuel Mordecai Noah, an officer on Washington's staff, gave £20,000 to further the cause in which he was enlisted. Isaac Morris, of Philadelphia, gave £3,000. Benjamin Jacobs and Samuel Lyon, of New York, and Benjamin Levy, of Philadelphia, also gave liberally. At the session of the Fifty-Second Congress, 1893, a bill was presented in Congress ordering a gold medal struck off in recognition of services rendered by Hyam Salomon during the Revolutionary War. Rather tardy but nevertheless a deserved tribute.

Daniel W. Cardozo, Jacob I. Cohen, Sr., Isaiah Isaacs, Sheftall Sheftall, Isaac N. Cardozo, Colonel Bush, and a whole corps of Israelites under Captain Lushington prove only too well that the Jew did help, and helped effectively, before these United States were made free and independent, to earn that freedom his successors now enjoy. He was not "created free in the beginning"; he fought and bled for his country.

Even before the Revolutionary period we find the Jew ready to defend his home and his flag. In 1754, during the French and Indian War, Isaac Myers, of New York, called a meeting at the Rising Sun Inn and raised a company, of which he was chosen captain, many other Jews following his patriotic conduct. From the Hon. Simon Wolf's Patriot, Soldier, and Citizen, to which I am indebted for much information upon this subject, I have collected hundreds of names of Jews, whose services should be sufficient proof of the "help" rendered "in the beginning." Among these, are the following: Captain Noah Abraham; Lieutenant