railroad kings, the manufacturing princes, and the great merchants of the whole country should back the general and the State governments in munificent provision for the thorough training of Southern blacks and whites in skilled labor around the whole circle of American industry. Without it the negro will be shut out from mechanical employments; and kept as a tenant or a farm hand, to his own injury and the incalculable harm of the South itself. Without it the poor white man will remain a poor fellow, while every post of lucrative labor will be seized by adventurous emigrants from foreign lands or more favored States. By the help of the national government, which should be given at once in the most effective way, the Southern people can be left to establish the common school, - first for the elementary, and in time for the secondary training of all its children; but this most imperious necessity of endowments for industrial education should be met at once by that numerous class who are growing in wealth by their connection with Southern industrial life.

It may seem a little absurd for me, a humble minister of education, whose daily bread for a year past has been the kindly contribution that has enabled me to preach the gospel of light up and down the land, to be talking in this large way about money to a convention of teachers, most of whom have probably thought twice before facing

the small expenses of this annual gathering of the American Institute of Instruction. But civilization has always been and always will be in the hands of poor men who make bold to speak up and demand the largest things of men who have everything to give. The real privilege of wealth. in this new land is not with people who waste their thousands in ridiculous aping of the expensive follies of European fashion, or wallowing in a slough of base and vulgar luxury. of the homemade sort. It is with that numerous body of wealthy men and women whose splendid gifts have made our land already a wonder of Christian public spirit, and the leader in the charities of the world. As I come North after a six-months' wandering through the South, I am amazed at the show of vast wealth, the universal comfort, and the brimming prosperity of all classes of the Northern people. Our foreign-born mechanics and operatives, who are now training under demagogues in trades-unions, are better off than several millions of respectable people of native birth between Washington and San Antonio. I deplore the awful waste of Northern substance in senseless pleasure and sinful excess of meats and drinks and dress, to the infinite harm of Northern children and youth. I have no words to express my abomination for that loud and boastful crew who are trading in politics, running a wicked race for power and

as if

plunder, and manoeuvring "the machine" they wielded the destinies of mighty states. If our great statesmen have no occupation more honorable than throwing political fire-balls and hand grenades, showing up the foulness of each other's rival barbarisms and branding each other with sectional and partisan nicknames, in Heaven's name let them come home and leave the Capitol for one session to the people, who are praying and working for the children that even now are the expectant heirs of the world's great Republic. The glory of American statesmanship is to deal decisively with new issues as they arise, and "leave the dead to bury their dead," while following the Lord into the Kingdom of Heaven materialized in this New World.

As I rode, last April, over the flowery prairies of Texas, I saw, all along the road, the carcasses of horses and cattle and sheep starved in the past awful winter. But I did not see even the most stupid "cowboy" down in the mud trying to blow the breath of life into the nostrils of these dead creatures that cumbered the ground. Even he knew well enough that the thing for him to do was to bridle the frisky colts, break in the stubborn little mules, and fold the tender lambs in his arms. These mouldering skeletons, if let alone, would be fleshed by carrion birds, ground into compost, or trodden into the ground. Other springs would

awaken them into new life, and they would reappear, not in ghastly shapes of slaughtered hecatombs, but in a new and glorious birth of foliage and flowers, blue and scarlet and pink and tender green and cloth-of-gold, in the light and warmth of kindling sunshine shimmering out to the dim horizon line. O friends of South and North, have we not drenched this new land of ours enough with precious blood, and sown these fields thick enough with the ruins of a hundred years of stormy life and withering toil? May it not be that in this shedding of blood shall be found a remission for each of our sins, and that out of this: blasted soil may yet spring some fairer growth of nobler hope for the future of us all? Let us leave dead issues where they lie, to the buzzards and the bone mills and the dissolving might of God's: mysterious laws; and let us go forth to greet the morning in the light that shines from the eyes of the children, and follow their prophecy of joy into our future of love and wisdom, and that perfect union whose end is perfect peace.

THIRD DAY, JULY 7.

LECTURE VIII.

METHODS AND RESULTS.

BY PROF. J. C. Greenough, A. M.

EACHING is a means. The ends of

teaching are determined by the nature

of the pupil, and by his external conditions. One end is to lead the pupil, through his own activity, into that state in which he will have the full and the best use of his powers; another end is to fit him for the external conditions of his daily life. These two ends are culture, and adaptation to the special sphere of one's activity. Both are included in Milton's statement: "I call that a complete and generous education which fits a man to perform justly, skilfully, and magnanimously all the offices, both private and public, of peace and war." Huxley says, "That man, I think, has had a liberal education who has been so trained in youth that his body is the ready servant of his will, and does with ease and pleasure all the work that as a mechan