mouth had made an alarming progress, and in about fifteen months, terminated fatally, Nov. 28, 1800. He was at this time at Whitworth in Lancashire.

YOUNG (PATRICK), an eminent scholar, was descended of an ancient Scotch family, and was born Aug. 29, 1584, at Seaton, Lothian, then the residence of his father, sir Peter Young, knt. who, among other honourable offices, had been assistant tutor, with the celebrated Buchanan, to king James VI. At the age of fifteen Mr. Young was sent to the university of St. Andrew's, where having completed the usual course of academical study, he received the degree of M. A. in 1603. Soon after he accompanied his father to England, and being recommended to Dr. Lloyd, bishop of Chester, the latter assisted him in the study of divinity, as he was destined for the church. He continued about a year with the bishop, and then went to Oxford, and his merit having strongly recommended him to some of the heads of houses, he was incorporated M. A. in July 1605. He then took deacon's orders, and was chosen chaplain of New college, which office he held for three years, and during that time be employed himself chiefly in the study of ecclesiastical history, and in cultivating the Greek language, of which he at length acquired a profound knowledge. Leaving Oxford, he went to London, where his object seems to have been advancement at court, and where his father, still living, had considerable interest. The first patron he acquired was Montague, bishop of Bath and Wells, by whose recommendation the king granted him a pension of 50l Having succeeded thus far, his next wish was to be appointed librarian to prince Henry, who had a very fine collection of books, and a museum of other curiosities; and although he failed in this, he succeeded in obtaining the care of the royal library newly founded by the king, chiefly by the interest of his friend and patron, bishop Montague. He had already drawn up a catalogue of the books by the king's express command, and after he obtained the place he employed himself in forming them into classes, as well as in making additions. by purchases which he recommended to the king, 'parti

Matthew Young, &c." an octavo volume containing a very imperfect collection of sixty-three lectures on various philosophical subjects, or rather

such heads or minutes as a lecturer might use when addressing his pupils, and published as they were found among his papers.

1 Hutton's Dict. new edit.-Gent. Mag. vol. LXX.

cularly of Isaac Casaubon's books. With the same view he took journeys to Francfort, Holland, Paris, &c. In the mean time his partiality to the Greek language induced him to invite some of the natives of that country to England, and he contributed by himself or friends, to their maintenance and education here. Such was his zeal in this species of learned patronage, that bishop Montague used to call him the "patriarch of the Greeks." He also cultivated the Latin language, which he wrote elegantly, and assisted Mr. Thomas Rhead, or Read, in translating king James's orks into that language. This volume appeared in 1619, and by his majesty's special command Mr. Young was sent with a presentation copy to Oxford and Cambridge.

In 1620 he married, and about the same time was presented to the rectories of Hayes, in Middlesex, and Llannine, in Denbighshire, it being then lawful for persons who were only in deacon's orders to hold parsonages. He was also collated to a prebend of St. Paul's, of which church he was made treasurer in 1621. Although he had hitherto published nothing himself, he had been a very liberal contributor to the labours of others. Among these was Selden, whom he assisted in preparing for the press his edition of the "Arundelian Marbles," and Selden was so sensible of the value of his aid, that he dedicated the work to him. The same year the famous Alexandrian MS. of the Old and New Testament being placed in the king's library, Mr. Young examined it with great attention, and furnished the various readings, upon collation, to Usher, Grotius, and other learned men. He had intended to have published a fac-simile of this MS; but his many avocations, and perhaps the confusions which ensued in the political world, prevented him. In 1643, however, he printed a specimen. of his intended edition, containing the first chapter of Genesis, with notes; and left at his death scholia as far as the 15th chapter of Numbers. The future progress of such a publication is noticed in our articles of GRABE and WOIDE.

In 1633, he published an edition of Clemens Romanus reprinted in 1637, with a Latin version "Catena Græcorum patrum in Jobum, collectore Niceta Heracleæ Metropolita," to which he subjoined, from the Alexandrian MS. a continued series of the books of scripture, called Poetici. This was followed, in 1638, by the "Expositio in Canticum Canticorum Gilberti Folioti episc. Londini, una

cum Alcuini in idem Canticum compendio," with a dedication to bishop Juxon. He made preparations for publishing several other curious MSS. while he continued in the royal library, which was till near the death of Charles I. when it was seized by the republican party, and preserved, amidst many vicissitudes, with more care than could have been expected. Mr. Young now retired to Bromfield, in Essex, to the house of Mr. John Atwood, a civilian, who had married his eldest daughter. There he died Sept. 7, 1652, and was interred in the chancel of Bromfield church. Respecting Mr. Young's learning there seems to have been no dispute. It was acknowledged by all the eminent scholars of his time, both at home and abroad, particularly Fronto- Ducæus, Sirmond, Petavius, Grotius, Salmasius, Vossius, Casaubon, Usher, Selden, &c. But it seems to be disputed whether he did not side with the republican party. Of this we have not discovered any direct proof, and his court connexions, and the friendships which subsisted between him and Juxon, Usher, Walton, Hammond, Pearson, &c. seem to afford a presumptive evidence that he was upon the whole more attached to monarchical than revolutionary principles.'

YRIARTE (JUAN DE), a learned and laborious Spanish writer, was born in the island of Teneriffe in 1702, and, at the age of eleven, was sent by his father to France, where he studied at Rouen and Paris for many years, till he was recalled, by the way of London, to the Canary islands, in order to be sent into Spain, where he intended him for the profession of the law. His father died before his arrival; but in pursuance of his design, Juan arrived at Madrid in 1724. Here he was admitted into the royal library, and patronized by many noblemen of the first rank. In 1729 he was appointed clerk, and in 1732, keeper of the royal library, which office he held for fifteen years, and being entrusted likewise with the augmentation of the library, be added 2000 manuscripts, and more than 10,000 printed volumes. At length he was appointed to the place of interpreter in the first secretaryship of state and dispatches, and chosen a fellow of the royal academy. He died at Madrid, Aug. 23, 1771.

That in his several employments he acquitted himself with great application and industry, appears from the cata

Smith's Vitæ quorundam erudit. virorum, 1707, 4to.-Ath. Ox. vọl. I.— Usher's Life and Letters.-Biog. Brit.

logue of his works, which consist of "Regia Bibliothecæ Matritensis codices Græci MSS. Joan Yriarte ejusdem custos excussit, recensuit, notis, indicibus, anecdotis pluribus evulgatis illustravit," 1769, folio, vol. I.; vol H. he left in manuscript; "Regiæ Mat. Bibl. Geographica & Chronologica," 1729; "R. M. Bibl. Mathematica," 1730; corrections and improvements of Antonio's "Bibliotheca Hispana," and Don Miguel Casiri's " Bibl. Arabico-HispanaEscurial;" "Palæographia Græca," a MS. 4to; his collection of Spanish treaties of peace; near 600 articles intended for a Castilian Dictionary; a treatise on the orthography and grammar of the Castilian idiom; his immense collections of materials for a general alphabetical library, in many folios, of all the authors who have treated of the geography, history, politics, literature, biography, trade, &c. of Spain; and for a history of the Canary islands, which was to consist of six quarto volumes at least. He wrote also a great number of articles inserted in the "Diario de los literatos," a critical journal. In 1774, his "Select Works" were published in 2 vols. 4to, " for the benefit of literature, at the expence of several noblemen, lovers of genius and merit." This collection, "Obras Sueltas," contains some works of imagination, his sacred and prophane Latin poems, or translations; and his Latin translations of a number of Castilian proverbs, and of some oratorical and critical discourses. Juan de Yriarte was probably related to Don TOMAS de Yriarte, whose ingenious "Literary Fables" were published at Madrid in 1782, and were lately well translated into English verse by John Belfour, esq; but of this Don Tomas we have not found any biographical memoir. His poem "La Musica" has gone through many editions, and is much admired in Spain.'

YSBRAND (EBERARD IDES), a celebrated traveller, was a native of Gluckstad in Holstein, a man of ingenuity, activity, and enterprize, whose curiosity after voyages and discoveries led him to Moscow about the beginning of the reign of the czars John and Peter Alexiewitz. The latter, better known by the name of Peter the Great, discovered the talents of Ysbrand, took him into his service, and employed him on some regulations which he was about to form, and which laid the foundation for the commercial prosperity of Russia. Peter having afterwards a dispute with the

I Dict. Hist.

emperor of China, respecting certain boundaries, considered Ysbrand as a very proper person to conduct a negociation, and therefore sent him to China, invested with the character of ambassador. He set off in March 1692, and returned in Jan. 1695, and afterwards published an account of his voyage, at Amsterdam in 1699, reprinted in 1704 and 1710. An English translation was published at London in 1704, 4to, with maps and plates, and is deemed a work of great curiosity and considerable value. It has also been translated into other languages. We have no farther notice of the author than that he was living in 1700.* YVES. See IVES.

ZABARELLA, or DE ZABARELLIS (FRANCIS), an

eminent cardinal, was born in 1339, at Padua. He taught common law in his native place and at Florence, where he acquired so much esteem, that when the archbishopric became vacant, he was chosen to fill it, but the pope had anticipated the election by giving it to another. Zabarella was afterwards invited to Rome by Boniface IX. and by John XXIII. who made him archbishop of Florence, and created him cardinal in 1411, from which time he had the title of the cardinal of Florence. The pope sent him on an embassy to the emperor Sigismund, who demanded a council, both on account of the Bohemian heresies, and the schism between the various candidates for the popedom; and the city of Constance having been fixed upon for this general council, Zabarella very much distinguished himself in its debates. He advised the deposition of John XXIII. and there is every reason to believe he would have been elected pope, had he not died, September 26, 1417, aged seventy-eight, six weeks before the election of Martin V. The emperor and the whole council attended his

1 Chaufepie, in art. Isbrand.