This creature is still known by many as Echinus granulatus, this name being given within twelve years by Agassiz in his "Methods of Study in Natural History." The following list shows the successive changes in its name since that time:

Echinus granulatus.

Euryechinus granulatus.
Toxopneustes dröbachiensis.

Euryechinus dröbachiensis.

And at this date of going to press this unfortunate creature bears the name of

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS Dröbachiensis.

And yet this little animal will be known by the name of Seaurchin long after the time when the systematists and their distracting nomenclature will have been forgotten.

November 1875.

E. S. M.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

FRESH-WATER SHELLS

Where to collect, 1; Empty or Dead Shells, 2; Parts of a Shell named, 8; Forms of

Spire, Dextral, and Sinistral Shells, 4; Lines of Growth, Growth of a Shell, 5, 6.

CHAPTER II.

FRESH-WATER SNAILS

Where and how to collect, 7, 8; Live Shells, 8; Head, Tentacles, Foot, how they

breathe, 9, 10; Operculum, 12; Gills, 13.

CHAPTER III.

LAND SNAILS

Where to collect, 14; Parts of the Animal, 15, 16; Tentacles, Jaw, 17; Explanation

about an Object being enlarged, 18; Slug, 19; Eggs and Young, 20; Mantle, 21.

SEA SNAILS

CHAPTER IV.

Where to collect, 22; Entire Aperture, Aperture Notched or Canaliculated, 23; Si-

phon, and its Uses, 24; Flesh and Animal Feeders, 25; Egg-cases or Capsules,

26, 27.

CHAPTER V.

FRESH-WATER MUSSELS

Where found, 27; Ligament, Lines of Growth, 28; Regions of Mussel, 29; How

they crawl, 80; Excurrent and Incurrent Orifices, 31; Siphons, Mantle 32: How

Pearls are formed, 33; Internal Markings of Shell, Hinge, 34; How the Shells

open and Ligament acts, 36.

PAGE

7

14

21

27

CHAPTER VI.

CLAMS, MUSSELS, AND OYSTERS

Salt-water Bivalves, 37; Parts of a Clam, Siphons, Currents of Water, and how

they eat, 38, 39; Ligament, and Internal Markings of Shell, 40; Byssus, 42;

Siphonal Tubes separate, 44; Oysters, 45; Heart, Palpi. Liver, Gills, Mouth of

Oyster, 46, 47; Relations between Clams, Mussels, and Snails, 48.

PAGE

37

How to collect and arrange, 49; To make Insects' Boxes, 50; To kill and pin In-

sects, 51, 52; Where to find Insects, 52, 53.

CHAPTER VIII.

PARTS OF AN INSECT

True Insects or Hexapods, Mouth-parts, 55; Antennæ, Eyes, 56, 57; Regions of

Body, 58; Wings, 59, 60; Position of Wings, 61; How to Spread the Wings,

62; Beetle spread, 63; Abdomen, 63, 64.

Parts of the Thorax, 65; Beetle dissected, Mouth-parts, €6-69; Appendages of the

Segments, 70.

CHAPTER X.

GROWTH OF INSECTS

Collecting Eggs, Caterpillars, Chrysalides. 71, 72; Where to collect, 73; Eggs, 74;

Raising Caterpillars, 75, 77: Chrysalis, 78, 79; Development of Chrysalis, 80;

Incomplete Changes, 81: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis, 82; Differ-

ence between Larva and True Worms, 83-85.

CHAPTER XI.

HABITS AND STRUCTURE OF INSECTS

Mud-wasp, 85-S7; Mosquito, 83.

CHAPTER XII.

HABITS AND STRUCTURE OF INSECTS (continued)

Young Grasshopper, 89; Cast-off Skin of Grasshopper, 90; Curious Accidents, 91;

Air-tubes, 92; How Insects breathe, and how some rest, 93; Sounds produced

by Insects, 94; Stridulation of Grasshopper, 95, 96.

49

53

65

71

85

89

CHAPTER XIII.

HABITS AND STRUCTURE OF INSECTS (continued)

Spittle Insect, 97, 98; Cicada or Seventeen-year Locust, 99, 100.

PAGE

. 97

May Fly or Ephemera, 100-103; Caddis Worm, 104; Gall Fly, 104, 105; Other

Galls, 106.

CHAPTER XV.

SPIDERS

Parts of a Spider, 110; Mouth Parts and Eyes, 111; Spinnerets, 112; Legs, 113;

Habits of some, 114; Net Building, 115; Ballooning Spiders, 116, 117; Egg

Cases, Young Spiders, 117, 115, Care for the Young, 119, 120.

CHAPTER XVI.

DADDY-LONG-LEGS, CENTIPEDES, AND MILLIPEDES

Daddy-long-legs, 121-123; Centipedes, 123, 124; Mouth. Parts of, 125: Millepedes,

126; How they lay their Eggs, and Young, 127; Comparison between Myrio-

pods and Insects, 127, 123; Some Characters of Insects, Spiders, and Myriopods,

129.

CHAPTER XVII.

CRAW-FISH AND LOBSTER

Craw-Fish, where found, 130; Regions of, 131; Mouth Parts and Appendages, 132,

133; Gills, 134; How to arrange Parts, 135, 136; Moulting, 137; Young Lob-

ster, 138.

CHAPTER XVIII.

CRABS, HERMIT-CRABS, AND OTHER CRUSTACEANS

Common Crab, 139; Eggs, and how they carry them, 140; Fin-like Legs, Oyster

Crab, 141 Hermit Crab, 142-144; Fresh-water Crustaceans, 144; Sowbug and

Eggs, 145, 146; Regions of Crustacea, 146, 147.

CHAPTER XIX.

BIVALVE CRUSTACEANS AND BARNACLES

Characters of, 148, 149: Where found, 150; Appendages, how they secure their

Food, 151; Young Barnacles, 152, 153.

€ 101

. 109

121

130

138

147