...Covenant, wherever they occurred. 12.3 Article 2 ( 1 ) of the Covenant places an obligation upon a S tate party to respect and to ensure rights "to all individuals...held accountable for violations of rights under the Covenant which its agents commit upon the territory of another State, whether with the acquiescence...

...the rights set forth in the Covenant, wherever they occurred. 10.3 Article 2 ( 1 ) of the Covenant places an obligation upon a State party to respect...its jurisdiction", but it does not imply that the [' 59I.LR. 444.) State party concerned cannot be held accountable for violations of rights under the...

...2(1) of the Covenant — which places an obligation upon the State party to respect and to ensure the rights to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction - formed a stumbling block. At first sight, the article lays down two cumulative conditions which would...

...Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, requiring every state party to respect and to ensure human rights to 'all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction'. Human rights are inalienable and fundamental, but this does not mean that they are 'absolute'. Rights...

...para.12 (1994). With respect to Article 2(1), the committee stated that the term within jurisdiction does not imply that the state party concerned cannot...held accountable for violations of rights under the covenant that its agents commit upon the territory of another state, whether with the acquiescence...

...modified this test in a later case by requiring only that the danger of such an effect be real.127 the State party concerned cannot be held accountable for violations of rights which its agents commit upon the territory of another State, whether with the acquiescence of the Government...

...differential obligations, that is, an obligation 'to respect and to ensure' and a jurisdictional provision 'to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction' but also an obligation 'to ensure' which applies without jurisdictional limitation, that is, to all individuals...

...UNHRC Comm. No. 56/1979, decided July 29, 1981, at paras. 10.1-10.3: "Article 2(1) of the Covenant places an obligation upon a state party to respect...state party concerned cannot be held accountable for violation of rights under the Covenant which its agents commit upon the territory of another state,...

...Political Rights (ICCPR) requires each State Party19 to respect and ensure the civil and political rights to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction, without discrimination. Under Article 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural...

...occurred. 12.3 Article 2( 1 ) of the Covenant places an obligation upon a State party to respect and ensure rights "to all individuals within its territory...held accountable for violations of rights under the Covenant which its agents commit upon the territory of another State, whether with the acquiescence...