Guiteau-Star Route Post-Office Frauds cans-Deaths of Longfellow and Emerso dom-Milan I is Its King-Death of Gari French Demands for Land-France Obje Troops in Tonquin as Inimical to He French Capture Hanoi and Expel Chinese the Economist, and Gambetta, the Patrio

E

ARLY in the year an outcry

cials was raised by the Egypti

dive was driven to receive d

general discontent of the country. A Pasha, the War Minister, was barely the allied fleet appeared off Alexandria the Europeans grew stronger day by troops began throwing up batteries and time Arabi Pasha was practically sole the entire population of Alexandria peans. The British, Italian, and G tacked, and some 250 Europeans, chief were murdered. The Admirals avo quell the revolt. In the meantime the tions of Alexandria were pushed wi Now the British Admiral threatened to if work were not immediately stopped. July 10, a formal ultimatum was desp demanding the surrender of the fort No satisfactory reply was received

ed from the Nordenfeldts only seven found the British side the flagship "Alexandra" our times. The "Inflexible" was the most d to be docked for repairs. The British ere five killed and twenty-eight wounded. ses were estimated upward of 300. During dria was seen to be in flames, and in the s and towers were found almost deserted. been set free, and with the Bedouins were n and massacring all the Europeans they i had retired with his forces and thousands ties of marines and bluejackets landed and the guns in the forts and cleared the streets British Government was now hurrying up h it proposed to reconquer Egypt for the soldiers with whom he had, up to the time ent, been openly associated. Troops were England and India. Sir Archibald Alison er to locate the insurgent forces. Subsees and engagements were almost of daily Arabi Pasha, with his army of 20,000 was fortifying his position at Tel-el-Kebir. nanders awaited reenforcements. The last

uring the first half of September. Septem

instalment of his scheme for the so-c Egypt. He also laid down proposals tralization of the Suez Canal, by render nations at all times and for all purpose maintained within its limits.

In summer the smoldering ill-feelin Japan, which dated from Korea's refus ute to Japan in 1872, had burst into fl attacked the Japansese and Chinese Leg eral of the inmates were murdered and Japan despatched an expedition to Kore China at once sent an expedition of her Japan. A temporary accommodation troops of both countries remained in t

This year is memorable for the d Schwann, the founder of the cell theory famous study of cellular structures wa under the title of "Microscopical Inve he endeavored to unify vegetable Schwann is otherwise known as the Another event of interest to physici Koch's discovery of the bacillus of means of treating consumption by inoc while unsuccessful in direct treatment vice to science by detecting tuberculosis

1882

DEATH OF DARWIN

Berthold Auerbach, one of Germany's prominent novelists, died in his seventieth year. His reputation as a writer chiefly rests on the "Black Forest Stories," in which he described the homely simplicity of German peasant life.

England meanwhile had suffered the loss of two great leaders-one in the field of art and the other in science.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti died in April. In 1848 he joined Holman Hunt, Thomas Woolner, Millais, and others in founding the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Next to his masterpiece, "Dante's Dream," are the "Salutation of Beatrice," "The Dying Beatrice," "La Pia," and "Proserpine." Rossetti was no less successful as a poet. His chief works were "The House of Life," "The King's Tragedy” and other ballads, "Dante at Verona," and "The Blessed Damozel," written at the age of eighteen.

On April 19 occurred the death of Charles Robert Darwin, the greatest naturalist of the century. He was educated at the Universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge, and early devoted himself to natural history. In 1831 he was appointed naturalist to the surveying voyage of the "Beagle." In 1859 he published his epoch-making work, "The Origin of Species." Darwin's subsequent works are largely based on the material he had accumulated for the elaboration of his great theory of natural selection.

In the United States Charles Guiteau was convicted of assassinating President Garfield. Sentence of death was pronounced January 25; five months later Guiteau was hanged. In March some of the conspirators in the notorious Star Route frauds were brought to trial. Indictments were found against Brady, Peck, Miner, and the Dorsey brothers, who had made fraudulent mail bids. The jury disagreed and a new trial had to be held. It was found that 296 contracts had been obtained with worthless bonds for $8,000,000. A' defalcation of $5,000,000 was alleged in "expediting" priv

osch Obrenovich, which had obtained th of Servia, in 1816, assumed the title of 1 One of the most romantic figures of away with the death of Giuseppe Gari June.

The aggressive actions of the French tinued. Their contention was that tl promulgated a law prohibiting natives: foreigners, and that the Hova flag had 1 sandada Bay, over which the French clai ference between the ambassadors who w the Queen of the Hovas and the French on October 18. The ambassadors refused demands and left Paris in November. A soon placed under the orders of Rearwho was entrusted with the enforcement in Madagascar.

In China the French displayed the treaty of 1874 gave France the protector failure of the Emperor of that country : share of the contract, and the presence c Tonquin, were considered to threaten French colony of Cochin-China. On A forces under Colonel Rivère captured H Tonquin. The expedition had left Sa