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Defoe, speaking of Dover in the seventeenth century, remarks: "The packets for France go off here, in time of peace, as also those for Ostend, and all those ships which carry freights from New York to Holland, and from Virginia to Holland, come generally hither and unlade their goods . . . and pay the duties . . . and so they go away for Holland." In the days of Henry VIII an old traveller, Nicander Nucius of Corcyra, writes: "I now proceed to state those things which occurred from Calais and the passage itself to the British Island of England. . . . Having gone on board ship straightway at first we moved out of the harbour by rowing. And a gentle breeze blowing from land, low waves came rippling and smiling as it were under our stern. And it being now night, we being borne along by the tide, were accomplishing our voyage in smooth water,

but it fell out not as our master conjectured. . . it being now midnight a certain wind called the north wind sprung up, the sea was suddenly ruffled, perhaps having undergone a change from the time of night, or this being produced by the mere will of fortune. The sound of the approaching storm was now heard, cleaving the waters of the ocean; and being tossed by huge waves rapidly succeeding each

other, and undergoing every species of danger, and being within a hair breadth of sinking, we entertained slender hopes of being saved; and although a side wind fell upon us, yet however towards sunset, we reached the promontory of the island, and came to land in the harbour of Dover." This all sounds very true. Crossing the Channel can still be just about what it was when Henry VIII himself sailed in the Great Harry to visit the Field of the Cloth of Gold!

THE END.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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