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OF

A VISIT

TO THE

AUSTRALIAN COLONIES,

BY

JAMES BACKHOUSE.

ILLUSTRATED BY THREE MAPS, FIFTEEN ETCHINGS,

AND SEVERAL WOOD-CUTS.

LONDON:

HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO. PATERNOSTER ROW.

YORK JOHN L. LINNEY, LOW OUSEGATE.

MDCCCXLIII.

YORK: PRINTED BY JOHN L. LINNEY.

CONTENTS.

Voyage to Van Diemens Land.-Embarkation.-Emigrant Pensioners.-Dis-

orderly Conduct.-Intemperance.-The Ocean.-Bottled Water.-Petrels.-

Coast of Spain.- Birds.- Storm.- Danger.- Equator.- Sunset.—Trinidad

and Martin Vaz.-Funeral.-Whales.-Fishes.-Albatross.-African Coast.-

Cape Town.-Schools.-Slavery.-Public Institutions.-Religious Meeting.—

Departure.-L'Agullas Bank.-Southern Ocean.-Birds.-Religious Labours.

-Coast of Van Diemens Land.-Colour of the Sea.-Piratical Vessel.-Sharks.

-Bad Bay.-Arrival at Hobart Town.

Hobart Town.-Colonel Arthur.—Intense Sleep.-J. Leach.—Unexpected Meet-

ing.-Home.-Meetings for Worship.-The Liberty.-Convict Ship.-Pri-

soners.-Settlement of the Colony.-Female Factory.-Trees.—Animals.—

Chain-gang.—Woody Hills.- Government Garden.— Bees.—Assigned Pri-

soners.-New Norfolk.-Bush Road.-The Clyde.-Green Valley.-Bothwell.

-Hamilton.- Fences.- Remarkable Rock.- Porter and Thieving.- Emi-

grants.-Style of Living.— Animals.— Hostile Aborigines.— Hospitality.-

Bush-rangers. She Oak.-Plains.-Remarkable Impression.-Sawyers' Huts.

Hobart Town.-Pious Persons.- Penitentiary.-Temperance Society.- Kings

Pits. Shrubs.-Fern Valley.-School Meeting.-Voyage to Macquarie Har-

bour.-Prison Ship.-Piracy of the Cypress.-Prisoners.-Loss of the Science.

-Fish.-Penguin.-Storm.-Port Davey.-Cockatoos.-Land Lobster.-Ex-

cursions.-Sharks.-Swearing.-Storm.-Sea Fowl.-Entrance of Macquarie

Macquarie Harbour.-Mountains.-Trees.-Rivers.-Sarahs Island.-Timber.-

State of Prisoners.-Mortality.-Murders.-Privations.-Escapes.--Cannibal-

ism.-Example.-Punishment.-Reformation.- Pious Prisoner.-Depravity.

-Employment.-Provisions.-Pine-roads.-Phillips Island.-Ferns.-Health.

—Climate.—Spirits.—Bermuda Prisoners.-Wellington Head.—Jail Meetings.

-Prisoner Steward.-Spaniel and Blackfish.--Aborigines.-Kelp.-Lichen.-

Report to the Lieutenant Governor.-Thanksgiving.-Death of a Pensioner.-

War.-Clarence Plains.-Hospitality.-Government Schools.-Chain-gang.-

Scorpion.-Centipedes.-Muddy Plains.-Settlers.-South Arm.-Liberty.—

Kangaroo.-Box and Cow Fishes.-Illicit Spirit Dealer.-Princess Royal

Stranded.-Snow Storm.-Richmond.-Trees.- Imported Fruit-trees.---New

Houses. Bush-rangers.-Security.--Meeting.-Coal River.-Settlers.-Oven

Hills. Orielton.-Wages paid at Public Houses.-Sorell Town.-Windmill.

-Rich Land.-Temperance Meeting.-Lower Settlement.-Sober Anglo-

Tasmanians.-View.—Spring.—Birds, &c.—Anniversary of Departure from

Attendance of Meetings.-Religious Communications.-Embarkation for Flinders

Island.-Cape Roaul.-Port Arthur.-Perilous Situation.-Cape Pillar.—

Birds. Maria Island.-Spring Bay.-Prisoner Seaman.-Octopodia.-Frey-

cinets Peninsula.-Trees, &c.-Black Swans.-Schouten Passage.-Mutton

Birds. Swan Island.-Banks's Strait.-Superstition of Sailors.-Wreck.—

Preservation Island.-Sealers and Native Women.-Black Snakes.-Green

Discovery of Van Diemens Land.-Its Position and Character.-Aborigines.-

Erroneous Ideas of.-Attack upon.-Provocations.-Hostilities of.-Attempt

to Capture.-G. A. Robinson's Mission.-Settlement in Bass's Straits.-Flin-

ders Island.-Productions.-Manners of the Natives.-Dances.-Civilization.

-Sealer and Child.-Breakwinds.-Song.-Clothing.-Capacity.-Ornaments.

-Sickness.—Birds, &c.—Excursion.-Cookery.-Dogs.-Mangroves.—Kan-

garoo Rat.-Bandicoot.-Rain.-Commandant's Hut.-" Boatswain," a Na-

tive Woman.-Sealers.-Tasmanian Porcupine.-Wallowing in Ashes.-Gra-

titude. Weapons.-Green Island.-Mutton Birds.-Music.-Tide-ripple.-

Arrival at George Town...

George Town.- The Tamar River.- Launceston. Meeting.-Aborigines.-

Plants.-Leeches.-Kangaroos.-Middle Arm.-Tide Ripple.-North Coast.

-Blacks charged with Murder.-Mode of Transferring Fire.-Black Women

Rescued. Circular Head.-Van Diemens Land Company's Establishment.-

Islands. Woolnorth.-Rocks.-Cape Grim.-Bird Islands.-Kelp.-Mutton

Fish. Native Doctor.-Seeking a Needle.-Decoration.-Remembrance of

Absent Friends.-Habitations.-Tribes.-Burning the Dead..
... 95

Circular Head.-Anchorage.-Highfield Plain.-Work People.-Indentured Ser-

vants-Flagellation.-Eagles.-Sponges.-Shells -Crabs.-Weather.-Ants.

-Journey.-Rivers.-Grass-trees.-Blandfordia.-Banksia serratifolia.-Hu-

man Bones.-Scrub and Fern.-Fossil Shells.-Table Cape.-Trees, &c.-Emu

Bay. Magnificent Forest.-Gigantic Trees.-Tree Ferns.-Plains.-Abori-

gines.-Road.-Arrival at the Hampshire Hills...

Hampshire Hills.-Plants.-Burning the Grass, &c.-Surrey Hills. St. Marys

Plain. Shrubs.-Excursion to Emu Bay.-Rocks. Gigantic Trees.-Man

Lost.-Dense Forest.-Aborigines. St. Valentines Peak.- Animals.-Hos-

tile Natives.-Edible Fungi.-Native Potato.-Measurement of Trees.-Ex-

ploratory Ramble.-Skill of Aborigines.-Myrtle Forest.-Animals.-Com-

pass.-Attack upon the Aborigines.-Leeches.-Dense Forest.-Cataract.-

Free Servants.-Reckless Drunkenness.-Quantity of Rain.-Snow. -Bur-

leigh.-Black Bluff.-Vale of Belvoir.-Epping Forest.-Snakes.-"Great

Western Road."- Forth and Mersey Rivers Circular Pond Marshes.-

Burning Forest.-Caverns.-Dairy Plains.-Westbury.-Depravity.—Arrival

at Launceston..

Launceston.- Foolish Washerwoman.- Lizard and Grasshopper.- Religious

Meetings.-Perth.-Norfolk Plains.-Wheat Crops.-Rioter.-Lake and Mac-

quarie Rivers.-Summer Snow.-Hummocky Hills.-Profanity.-Campbell

Town and Ross.-Salt Pan Plains.-Oatlands.-Jericho.- The Jordan.—

Cross Marsh.-Green Ponds.-Constitution Hill.-Bagdad.-Blistered Feet.

-Rate of Walking.-Hobart Town........

Hobart Town.-Lieutenant Governor.-Penal Discipline.-Reformed Prisoners.

-Intemperance and Indiscretion.-Sheriff's Writs.-Timber-fellers.-Meeting

Room Engaged.-Meeting.-Journey.-Anxiety for Liberty.-Infidel Prison-

ers.-Brushy Plains.-Prisoner's View of Transportation.-Prossers River.-

Spring Bay. Kangaroo Grass.-Swan Port.-Cultivated Land.-Oyster Bay

Pine.-Road.-Kelvedon.-Waterloo Point-Gunnia australis.-Ministry of

F. C.-Character of the Land.-Shrubs.-Black Swans.-Boomer Kangaroo.

-St. Patricks Head.-Dwelling.-Timber.--Whales.- Mountains.-Tea.-

Break o'day Plains. "Dead Mens Graves."-Buffalo Plains.-Kindness of

Aborigines. Launceston.-Flinders Blacks.-Road Party.-Flagellation.—

Weather. Diseases.-Death of a Prisoner.-Intemperance.-Music.-Spring.

-Ben Lomond.—Gums.-Fossil Tree.—Salt Springs.-Eagles.-Trees.. 137

Meeting for Discipline Established.-Meetings for Worship.-Temperance Lec-

ture. Flagellation.-Causes of Crime.-Judicial Oaths.-Peculiarities of

Friends. Chain Gang.-Unsteady Emigrant.-Ascent of Mount Wellington.

-Notice of a Pious Prisoner.

Second Visit to Flinders Island.-West Coast Aborigines.-Dislike to Fat.-

Emigrants.-Bruny Island.-Port Arthur.-Guard of Dogs, &c.-Discipline.--

Diving of Native Women.-Shamrock Stranded.-Flinders Island -Planting

Potatoes. Difference.-Civilization.-Grass-tree Plains.-Prime Seal Island.

-Spears.-Climbing Trees.-Comparative Skill.-Mustering.-Cleanliness.—

Catechist.-Light-house.-Bush-rangers.-Launceston.

Launceston. Meetings.-Pious Prisoner.-Improvements.-Aborigines' Mer-

chandise. Meeting at George Town.- Rambles.-York Town.-Trout.-

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