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of problems arising from the presence of United States bases in the Philippines. They expressed confidence that the few remaining problems will be similarly resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the two governments.

8. Reemphasized the importance of strong, stable economies in furthering the objectives of peaceful development in the free world. President Eisenhower expressed his gratification at the evident progress which has been made in the Philippine economy, including notable advances in industrialization. The contribution which the United States aid programs have made and will continue to make to Philippine economic development was emphasized. In recognition of the economic interdependence of all nations in the modern world, they discussed opportunities for increased private investment and expanded trade between the two countries in a climate favorable to free enterprise and to the free movement of capital.

President Garcia and President Eisenhower concluded that the exchange of views and the renewal of personal associations made possible by President Eisenhower's visit will further strengthen the traditional ties between the two countries and will contribute significantly to the advancement of their cooperative efforts on behalf of peace and progress in this vital part of the world.

THAILAND

MEASURES TAKEN BY THE UNITED STATES TO PROTECT AND RECONCILE THE ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF ASIAN AND AMERICAN RICE PRODUCERS: Statement Issued at Bangkok by the American Ambassador to Thailand (Johnson), February 9, 1960 1

325. THAI-UNITED STATES "EXCHANGE OF VIEWS ON MATTERS OF MUTUAL INTEREST": Joint Communiqué Issued at Washington by the President of the United States (Eisenhower) and the King of Thailand (Bhumibol Adulyadej), July 1, 1960 2

The President of the United States and His Majesty the King of Thailand have held a friendly and useful exchange of views on matters of mutual interest.

Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand are visiting the United States upon the invitation of the President. At the conclu

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See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 1247-1255.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 7, 1960, pp. 363–364.

* White House press release dated July 1, 1960 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, July 25, 1960, pp. 146–147).

3 The King and Queen spent the period June 14-July 14 in the United States, and the period June 28-July 2 in Washington.

sion of their stay in Washington on July 2, during which His Majesty the King addressed a joint session of the United States Congress, Their Majesties will begin a 12-day coast-to-coast tour of the United States, during which they will meet with various civic, cultural, and business leaders. The President recalled the fact that the King was born in the United States and expressed the hope that this personal link would enhance the pleasure of His Majesty's visit to the land of his birth.

The President expressed great admiration for the steps taken under the King's leadership to foster the economic and social development of Thailand in harmony with the aspirations and ideals of the Thai people. He voiced profound respect for the moral inspiration which the King's devotion to the welfare of his people continues to provide. In their review of the world situation, the President and the King expressed their mutual concern with the vital problem of preserving freedom and independence as well as achieving lasting peace and establishing a world order based on international justice. They reasserted their determination to work toward these goals, the achievement of which will contribute immensely to the general progress, prosperity, and welfare of mankind. They noted that the stanch adherence of Thailand and the United States to the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization demonstrates a mutual belief in the indispensability of collective security as a means of preserving the frontiers of the free world from aggression and of promoting the peaceful objectives shared by both countries. The President took this occasion to pay tribute to the steadfast partnership of Thailand and the United States in all fields and reaffirmed to His Majesty the unwavering determination of the United States fully to honor its treaty commitments undertaken in the cause of collective security.

The President and the King expressed a common belief in the ideal of enhancing human dignity as the wellspring by which a free society prospers and is nourished. They agreed that the American and Thai peoples are dedicated to abiding respect for the principles of the Sovereignty and independence of nations and of genuine noninterference in the affairs of others. They voiced their profound conviction that any attempt by any nation to impose its own economic system or political beliefs on any other country should be condemned.

In recalling the long and fruitful tradition of friendship which binds the United States and Thailand the President assured the King of the continuing determination of the United States to assist the Royal Government of Thailand in its noble objective of promoting the economic and social development of the country for the lasting benefit of the Thai people. The President and the King expressed their mutual desire to maintain and further to strengthen the bonds of close and cordial collaboration between Thailand and the United States, both directly and through the United Nations and other appropriate international organizations in which the two countries share

'June 29; text in the Department of State Bulletin, July 25, 1960, pp. 144-146. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, Dec. 5, 1927.

membership, confident that in so doing they are responsive to the highest aspirations of their peoples for a world in which peace, freedom, and the sanctity of human dignity are honored and cherished.

VIET-NAM

FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIET-NAM: Message From the President of the United States (Eisenhower) to the President of the Republic of Viet-Nam (Ngo Dinh Diem), October 22, 1960 1

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E. Status and Pending Independence of the Trust Territories of the Pacific Region

[UNITED STATES RESPONSE TO CERTAIN CRITICISMS OF ITS ADMINISTRATION OF THE TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS: Statement Made by the Special Representative for the Administering Authority of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Nucker) Before the U.N. Trusteeship Council, May 4, 1960-Ante, doc. 37]

326. THE QUESTION OF THE FUTURE OF WESTERN SAMOA: Resolution 1569 (XV), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 18, 1960 2

The General Assembly,

Having examined the report of the Trusteeship Council on the Trust Territory of Western Samoa under New Zealand administration, as well as the report of the United Nations Visiting Mission to the Trust Territory of Western Samoa, 1959,*

Having taken note of the Constitution adopted by the Constitutional Convention of Western Samoa on 28 October 1960 and the resolutions adopted by that Convention,"

White House press release dated Oct. 25, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 14, 1960, p. 758.

2 U.N. General Assembly Official Records, Fifteenth Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/4684), pp. 33-34. This resolution, sponsored by the representatives of 11 of the member states, was adopted by a vote of 81 (including the U.S.) to 0, with 10 abstentions.

Noting the statements made in the Fourth Committee by the representative of the Administering Authority and by the Prime Minister of Western Samoa,

1. Recommends that the Administering Authority, in pursuance of Article 76 b of the Charter of the United Nations, take steps, in consultation with a United Nations Plebiscite Commissioner, to organize, under the supervision of the United Nations, a plebiscite in Western Samoa under New Zealand administration, in order to ascertain the wishes of the inhabitants of the Territory concerning their future;

2. Recommends further that the plebiscite should take place in the month of May 1961 and that the questions to be asked should be:

"1. Do you agree with the Constitution adopted by the Constitutional Convention on 28 October 1960?

"2. Do you agree that on 1 January 1962 Western Samoa should become an independent State on the basis of that Constitution?";

3. Recommends further that the plebiscite should be conducted on the basis of universal suffrage with all adult citizens of Western Samoa being entitled to vote;

4. Decides to appoint a United Nations Plebiscite Commissioner for Western Samoa who shall exercise, on behalf of the General Assembly, all the necessary powers and functions of supervision, and who shall be assisted by observers and staff to be appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with him;"

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5. Requests the United Nations Plebiscite Commissioner to submit to the Trusteeship Council a report on the organization, conduct and result of the plebiscite;

6. Requests the Trusteeship Council to transmit to the General Assembly, for consideration at its sixteenth session, the report of the United Nations Plebiscite Commissioner, together with any recommendations and observations it considers necessary.

'Following the adoption of this resolution, the General Assembly appointed Najmuddine Rifai of the United Arab Republic to this office.

Part X

DISARMAMENT EFFORTS AND THE PEACEFUL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY

A. Problems Respecting General Disarmament

327. UNITED STATES VIEWS ON "THE SOVIET UNION'S ANNOUNCEMENT OF AN APPROXIMATE 1.2 MILLION PROPOSED REDUCTION IN ITS CONVENTIONAL ARMED FORCES”: Statement Read to Correspondents by the Director of the Office of News (White), Department of State, January 14, 19601

We note with interest the Soviet Union's announcement of an approximate 1.2-million-men proposed reduction in its conventional armed forces and a readjustment in its conventional armaments.2 We also note that these reductions are to be carried out within the next 1 to 2 years. This proposed action to reduce present massive Soviet armed forces could lessen one of the causes of existing world tensions. The announcement was not unexpected, since the Soviet Union, along with other modern nations, is now in a position to place greater reliance on new weapons.

In this connection Chairman Khrushchev has emphasized that the proposed reductions would in no way affect the actual power of the Soviet Union's arms. The Soviet Union, with its acknowledged—I might say parenthetically for the first time- its acknowledged armed force level of 3.6 million, and its neighbor, Communist China, maintain the largest standing armies in the world. This fact has been a constant source of concern to those nations earnestly seeking a solution to the dangers inherent in the armaments race.

For its part the United States, not in 1960 but immediately following World War II, demobilized the great bulk of its armed forces from a peak level of 12.3 million. In view of Communist aggression the

1 Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 1, 1960, p. 147.

2 This announcement was made Jan. 14, 1960, by Chairman Khrushchev in an address before the fourth session of the Fifth Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., entitled "Disarmament is the path toward strengthening peace and insuring friendship among peoples" (text in The Current Digest of the Soviet Press, vol. XII, No. 2, Feb. 10, 1960, pp. 3-16 and 23).