Having been informed by the Secretary-General that, if continued at their present level into 1961, such operations may be expected to involve expenditures of upwards of $8 million a month,22

1. Decides that, at its resumed fifteenth session, it shall give urgent consideration to the financing of such costs as may be incurred in 1961 in respect of the United Nations operations in the Congo;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to submit cost estimates for the operations in question as early as possible and not later than 1 March 1961;

3. Authorizes the Secretary-General, pending action by the General Assembly at its resumed fifteenth session and with the observance of the maximum possible economy in expenditures, to incur commitments in 1961 for the United Nations operations in the Congo up to the total of $24 million for the period from 1 January to 31 March

1961.

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAHOMEY, EFFECTIVE AUGUST 1, 1960: Statement Issued by the Department of State, October 13, 19601

GABON

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF GABON, EFFECTIVE AUGUST 17, 1960: Statement Issued by the Department of State, October 13, 1960 2

22 See U.N. doc. A/C.5/856.

1

1 Department of State press release No. 596; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 31, 1960, p. 702. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Maga on the occasion of the independence of the Republic of Dahomey, Aug. 1, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960–61, p. 608.

2

Department of State press release No. 596; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 31, 1960, p. 702. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to President M'ba on the occasion of the independence of the Republic of Gabon, Aug. 17, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960–61, p. 644.

GHANA

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE ACCESSION OF GHANA TO THE STATUS OF REPUBLIC, EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 1960: Message From the President of the United States (Eisenhower) to the President of the Republic of Ghana (Nkrumah), July 1, 19601

IVORY COAST

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF IVORY COAST, EFFECTIVE AUGUST 7, 1960: Statement Issued by the Department of State, October 13, 1960 2

THE MALAGASY REPUBLIC

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE MALAGASY REPUBLIC, EFFECTIVE JUNE 26, 1960: Announcement Issued by the Department of State, June 25, 1960 3

MALI

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALI, EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 24, 1960: Announcement Issued by the White House, September 24, 1960*

1White House press release dated July 1, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, July 25, 1960, p. 147. Ghana had been, since Mar. 6, 1957, the State of Ghana, independent within the British Commonwealth; see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1957, pp. 1079–1080.

2 Department of State press release No. 596; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 31, 1960, p. 702. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Houphouet-Boigny on the occasion of the independence of the Republic of Ivory Coast, Aug. 7, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960-61, p. 612.

Department of State press release No. 352, June 24, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, July 11, 1960, p. 74. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to President Tsiranana on the occasion of the independence of the Malagasy Republic, June 26, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960-61, p. 526.

'White House press release dated Sept. 24, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 10, 1960, p. 567.

MAURITANIA

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF MAURITANIA, EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 28, 19601

NIGER

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NIGER, EFFECTIVE AUGUST 3, 1960: Statement Issued by the Department of State, October 13, 1960 2

NIGERIA

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE FEDERATION OF NIGERIA, EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 1, 1960: Announcement Issued by the Department of State, September 30, 1960 3

3

SENEGAL

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL, EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 24, 1960: Announcement Issued by the White House, September 24, 1960*

1

2

No formal public announcement was made of this act.

Department of State press release No. 596; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 17, 1960, p. 630. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Diori on the occasion of the independence of the Republic of Niger, Aug. 3, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960-61, p. 610.

Department of State press release No. 573; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 17, 1960. p. 630. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to the people of the Federation of Nigeria on the occasion of their independence, Oct. 1, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960–61, p. 741.

*White House press release dated Sept. 24, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 10, 1960, p. 567.

SOMALIA

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE SOMALI REPUBLIC, EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 1960: Announcement Issued by the Department of State, June 30, 1960 1

1

TOGO

UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TOGO, EFFECTIVE APRIL 27, 1960: Announcement Issued by the Department of State, April 27, 1960 2

THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, AND SOUTH-WEST AFRICA

296. "IT IS NOT TOO LATE... TO REVERSE THE TIDE IN SOUTH AFRICA": Statement Made by the U.S. Representative (Lodge) in the U.N. Security Council, April 1, 1960 3

On Monday, March 21, in various parts of the Union of South Africa, people of African origin carried out mass demonstrations against laws which require them to carry passes. These demonstrations led to clashes with the police. According to figures made public by the South African mission to the United Nations, at least 68 Africans were killed and over 220 were injured.

The tragic events that day and subsequently have caused shock and distress beyond the borders of South Africa. Within the Union of South Africa a state of acute tension prevails. All these facts together constitute the immediate and compelling cause of this meeting of the Security Council.*

The situation before the Council is of deep concern to the United States. We say this because our primary desire is to help promote

1

Department of State press release No. 371; the Department of State Bulletin, July 18, 1960, p. 118. For the text of the message from President Eisenhower to President Osman on the occasion of the independence of the Somali Republic, July 1, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960-61, p. 550.

2

Department of State press release No. 219; the Department of State Bulletin, May 16, 1960, p. 806.

U.S.-U.N. press release 3376 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Apr. 25, 1960, pp. 668-669).

For the circumstances of this meeting, see the resolution adopted by the Security Council, infra.

within the framework of the charter the objectives of the United Nations.

The framers of the charter took a historic forward step when they included among the purposes of the United Nations the achievement of international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. The United States supported wholeheartedly this important innovation in the charter. Its newness and importance as a concept in international life make it essential for all of us to approach sympathetically and constructively the question now before the Security Council.

United States representatives have often stated in General Assembly discussions our belief that the Assembly can properly consider questions of racial discrimination where they are matters of governmental policy. The United States believes that in this case also the charter provides a definite basis for Security Council consideration.

When governmental policies within one country evoke the deep concern of a great part of mankind, they inevitably contribute to tension among nations. This is especially true of racial tensions and the violence which sometimes results. They are more subtle and more complex than some of the political disputes between states which the Council has considered. But in the long run they may be even more destructive to the peace of mankind.

We deeply deplore the loss of life which has taken place in South Africa. We appeal to all the people in South Africa to abjure violence and to proceed hereafter only by peaceful means. Tensions among the people living in South Africa ought to be peacefully relaxed. Violence is deplorable and dangerous no matter from what race or group the victims may come. As we survey the events which are taking place in South Africa, we are confirmed in our view that violence can only make matters worse.

It is clear that the source of the conflict from which the recent tragic events have flowed is the policy of apartheid followed by the Government of the Union of South Africa. The United Nations is no stranger to this question. The General Assembly has pronounced itself repeatedly in opposition to the policy of apartheid and similar practices. Last year once again the Assembly, by an overwhelming vote, including that of the United States, noted the continuance of the apartheid policy in the Union of South Africa and made a solemn appeal for the observance of the human rights provisions of the charter.5

In the circumstances confronting us today we appeal once again to the Government of the Union of South Africa, with the greatest sincerity and friendly intent, that it reconsider polices which prevent people of certain races in the Union from enjoying their God-given rights and freedoms. In former years we have made that appeal in the name of justice. Today we make it also in the name of peace. Truly, as we see it here now, the two are in the long run inseparable.

5 See U.N. General Assembly Res. 1375 (XIV) of Nov. 17, 1959; text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 1116-1117.