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demn the United States for what it alleged were "aggressive acts" was supported only by Poland and the Soviet Union. It was opposed by all other members of the Council.

In order to be sure that no possible shred of doubt would persist about the facts of the case, the United States then proposed that there be an impartial investigation of the facts or a referral of the matter to the International Court of Justice for impartial adjudication. The Soviet Union vetoed this impartial investigation of the facts.

At the same time the Soviet Union also vetoed a humanitarian resolution expressing the hope that the International Committee of the Red Cross be permitted to fulfill humanitarian tasks with respect to the surviving members of the crew.38 To this day, Mr. President, the Soviet Union has not allowed any outside agency or government to have any contact with the surviving crew members.

Despite the false charges which have already been exposed in the United Nations, the United States, in keeping with our usual practice of favoring full debate of accusations against us, has supported the inscription of this item.

In our view the recent stand taken by the Soviet Union in the Security Council, where it vetoed an impartial investigation of its charges against us, makes it all the more desirable in fact, all the more necessary for the full facts to be brought out clearly in the First Committee.

This is not a general appeal about a general subject. It is a complaint based upon two specific incidents. Therefore, we think the recommendation of the General Committee is right, and we will vote against the Soviet proposal to take it up in plenary.39

"THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CANNOT ACCEPT THE ASSERTION OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT THAT THE QUESTION OF MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE TWO PARTS OF BERLIN IS EXCLUSIVELY WITHIN THE COMPETENCE OF THE EAST GERMAN AUTHORITIES" : Note From the American Embassy in Moscow to the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Delivered October 26, 1960 *

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40

The Soviet draft resolution failed of adoption by a vote of 10 to 54, with 33 abstentions, taken in plenary session, Oct. 13, 1960. Discussion of the Soviet complaint was thus referred to the First Committee and deferred to the resumed 15th session of the General Assembly,

40

Department of State press release No. 618, Oct. 27, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 14, 1960, pp. 749-750. This note was in reply to the Soviet note of Sept. 26, 1960 (ibid., pp. 750-751, and an unnumbered title cited ante, p. 468).

208. "WE ARE READY TO DEVELOP THE MOST FRIENDLY RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SOVIET AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLES, BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE U.S.S.R. AND THE UNITED STATES": Message From the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R. (Khrushchev) to the President-Elect of the United States (Kennedy), November 9, 1960 11

41

Esteemed Mr. Kennedy, allow me to congratulate you on the occasion of your election to the high post of the President of the United States.

We hope that while you are at this post the relations between our countries would again follow the line along which they were developing in Franklin Roosevelt's time, which would meet the basic interests not only of the peoples of the U.S.S.R. and the United States but all mankind which is longing for deliverance from the threat of a new war.

I think you will agree that the eyes of many people are fixed on the United States and the Soviet Union because the destinies of world peace depend largely on the state of Soviet-American relations.

We have declared and declare our respect for the peaceable and gifted people of the United States and we are ready to develop the most friendly relations between the Soviet and the American peoples, between the Governments of the U.S.S.R. and the United States.

We are convinced that there are no insurmountable obstacles to the preservation and consolidation of peace.

For the sake of this goal we are ready, for our part, to continue efforts to solve such a pressing problem as disarmament, to settle the German issue through the earliest conclusion of a peace treaty and to reach agreement on other questions, the solution of which could bring about an easing and improvement of the entire international situation.

Any steps in this direction will always meet with the full understanding and support of the Soviet Government.

I wish you fruitful activity in the responsible capacity of United States President and prosperity to the American people.

"FRANCE, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE UNITED STATES HAVE FREQUENTLY PROPOSED THE REESTABLISHMENT OF NORMAL CONDITIONS IN ALL GERMANY BY THE ONLY POSSIBLE MEANS THE MANIFESTATION OF THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE": Identic Letters Addressed by the French, U.K., and U.S. Representatives at the U.N. to the U.N. Secretary-General (Hammarskjold), November 25, 1960 12

42

"Text as released by the Soviet news agency Tass and printed in the New York Times, Nov. 10, 1960.

The President-elect replied to Chairman Khrushchev, Nov. 10, 1960, as follows: "I am most appreciative of your courtesy in sending me a message of congratulations. The achievement of a just and lasting peace will remain a fundamental goal of this nation and a major task of its President. I am most pleased to have your good wishes at this time."

2U.N. doc. A/4595; the Department of State Bulletin, Dec. 26, 1960, pp. 977978. These letters were in response to the joint statement issued Oct. 10, 1960, by Czechoslovakia, the "German Democratic Republic," Poland, and the U.S.S.R. (U.N. doc. A/4540 and an unnumbered title cited ante, p. 473).

SOVIET CHARGES OF PROVOCATIVE MANEUVERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BY A UNITED STATES NAVY DESTROYER AGAINST THE SOVIET CARGO VESSEL FALESHTY, NOVEMBER 4, 1960: Note From the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the American Embassy in Moscow, December 20, 1960 43

UNITED STATES REJECTION OF SOVIET CHARGES OF PROVOCATIVE MANEUVERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BY A UNITED STATES NAVY DESTROYER AGAINST THE SOVIET CARGO VESSEL FALESHTY, NOVEMBER 4, 1960: Note From the Department of State to the Soviet Embassy in Washington, January 4, 1961 +

UNITED STATES PROPOSAL FOR THE MUTUAL ABOLITION OR RECIPROCAL REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF ZONES IN THE SOVIET UNION AND THE UNITED STATES CLOSED TO TRAVEL BY THE OTHER'S NATIONALS: Note From the Secretary of State (Herter) to the Soviet Ambassador at Washington (Menshikov), January 6, 1961 45

43

Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 23, 1961, p. 118.

44 Department of State press release No. 5, Jan. 5, 1961; ibid., pp. 117–118. Ibid., pp. 119-124.

Part VII

THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST

A. The Central Treaty Organization

209. EIGHTH MINISTERIAL MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CENTRAL TREATY ORGANIZATION, TEHRAN, APRIL 28-30, 1960: Final Communiqué, April 30, 1960 1

The Eighth Session of the Ministerial Council of the Central Treaty Organization was held in Tehran from April 28 to 30, 1960. The delegations from countries participating in this meeting were led by:

(i) H.E. Dr. Manouchehr Eghbal (ii) H.E. Mr. Manzur Qadir

(iii) H.E. Mr. Fatin Rustu Zorlu
(iv) The Right Honourable Selwyn
Lloyd, C.B.E., T.D., Q.C., M.P.

(v) The Honourable Christian A. Herter

Prime Minister of Iran
Minister for Foreign Affairs
and Commonwealth Rela-
tions, Pakistan

Foreign Minister of Turkey
Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs, United
Kingdom

Secretary of State, United
States of America

The Prime Minister of Iran, as host, was in the chair.

A gracious message from His Imperial Majesty the Shahanshah of Iran was read by the Minister of the Imperial Court declaring the Session open.

The Council noted the recent and forthcoming top-level contacts with the Government of the Soviet Union and had a valuable exchange of views on the purposes and prospects of the Summit Conference. Mr. Herter and Mr. Selwyn Lloyd gave an account of the work being done in preparation for this Conference 2 and an account of the work of the Conferences on the Suspension of Nuclear Tests and on Disarmament. The Council noted these reports with approval and expressed support for the efforts being made to secure the easing of

tension.

1

Department of State Bulletin, May 15, 1960, pp. 802-803.
See ante, docs. 156-176.

See post, docs. 345 et seq. and 329 et seq.

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The Council expressed the hope that the Nuclear Tests Conference would reach a solution providing for the suspension of these tests under adequate international control, and that the Disarmament Conference would also make real progress.

Mr. Lloyd and Mr. Herter made it clear that all these discussions with the Government of the Soviet Union would be conducted by the Western Powers with full regard for the interests of their allies in CENTO and the other regional organizations and within the general framework of the security of the free world. The member countries will be kept informed of such discussions.

The Council agreed that the efforts to ease tension should be genuine and should be expressed not only in words but demonstrated also in deeds. The Council reaffirmed their belief that the free countries of the world must maintain their strength and solidarity, as expressed particularly in the regional organizations to which they belonged. The need for this was clear. For instance, hostile propaganda campaigns were directed from outside the area against particular countries and this was inconsistent with the declared purpose of a détente. The Council reaffirmed the admiration expressed in their declaration at the Council Meeting in October 1959 in Washington for the spirit in which the Iranian Nation has shown its resistance to subversive and hostile propaganda.*

Participating states reaffirmed their intention to maintain friendly relations with all neighbouring states based on mutual interest and respect. They believe that all questions at issue between them and their neighbours can best be solved by discussion as between equals. It is a matter of deep concern to them that such questions are sometimes used by outside powers as a means of interfering in the internal affairs of other countries and increasing international tension and subversion, as for example by the recent Soviet statement on "Pakhtoonistan".5

The Council approved and noted with satisfaction the report of the Secretary General.

After adopting the economic report and the annual economic review, the Council emphasized the desirability of proceeding as rapidly as possible with the execution of approved joint projects, especially those in the field of communications and public works and others contributing to the raising of the standard of living in the regional countries of CENTO. The growth of technical cooperation between participating states was noted with satisfaction. Under the auspices of the Economic Committee new areas of technical advance are now being explored and help is being given to the regional countries in surveying and developing their natural resources.

6

The Council noted from the report of the Military Committee that the Permanent Military Deputies Group have done much use

7

Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 1027–1028. See post, doc. 220.

• Established at the first ministerial meeting of the Baghdad Pact Council, Nov. 21-22, 1955. See the Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 2, 1956, pp. 16-18. Established at the seventh ministerial meeting of the CENTO Council, Oct. 7-9, 1959. See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 10281029.

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