Livingston T. Merchant, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. Secretary of State Christian A. Herter regretted that developments requiring his personal attention obliged him to cancel his plans to come to the meeting.15

Canada was represented by the Honorable Howard C. Green, Secretary of State for External Affairs, the Honorable Donald M. Fleming, Minister of Finance, the Honorable George R. Pearkes, Minister of National Defence, and the Honorable Raymond J. O'Hurley, Minister of Defence Production.

Ambassador [Richard B.] Wigglesworth and Ambassador [A. D. P.] Heeney, with other senior officials of the two Governments, were also in attendance.

The Committee was established as a result of discussions in July 1958, in Ottawa, between Prime Minister Diefenbaker and President Eisenhower.16 It was established to consult periodically on all matters affecting the joint defense of Canada and the United States and reviews not only military questions but also the political and economic aspects of joint defense problems.

The members of the Committee welcomed the opportunity which this meeting afforded them to have a timely discussion on a broad range of recent international developments of interest and concern to the two Governments. They agreed that situations which arise should always be dealt with in a manner which will promote the objectives of the United Nations and contribute to international peace and stability.

By its nature the Committee's discussions are largely concerned with matters involving the vital security interest of the two countries.

The Committee reviewed the current position concerning negotiations aiming at complete and general disarmament under an effective system of control. They deplored the recent action of the Soviet Union in withdrawing from the ten-nation meetings, thus frustrating its work.17 The Committee agreed that efforts for the resumption of meaningful negotiations must be continued. They were further agreed that pending the achievement of general and controlled disarmament there could be no relaxation of defensive measures.

Particular attention was given to a review of the progress achieved on cooperative measures designed to improve the defenses of North America and the Committee reaffirmed its conviction that these contribute importantly to the greater strength of collective security within the broader framework of NATO..

The Committee reaffirmed the common desire and intention of both Governments further to strengthen the North Atlantic Alliance and to improve consultation between members within the North Atlantic Council, and considered ways and means whereby the Alliance's objectives might be achieved in the years ahead.

The Committee also reviewed the field of defense production sharing between the two countries. They recognized that this is a long-range

See the unnumbered titles, post, pp. 451-452.

10 See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1958, pp. 463–473. 17 See post, doc. 333.

program. They reaffirmed the concept as one in the best interest of each country and discussed further steps which might be taken to assure a greater measure of cooperation.

The Committee noted with satisfaction that the existing machinery for consultation on defense matters between the two countries is operating effectively. It was noted in this respect that the Permanent Joint Board on Defense, created by the Ogdensburg Declaration of 1940,18 would this year be completing the twentieth year of its existence and the Committee expressed its confidence that the Board would continue to play a significant role within the area of its responsibilities. The date of the next meeting of the Committee will be arranged later.

CANADIAN-UNITED STATES BASIC AGREEMENT ON COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN: Statement by the President (Eisenhower) and Announcement Issued by the White House (Palm Springs, California), October 19, 1960 19

13 Aug. 18, 1940; text in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1940, vol. III, p. 146, also the Department of State Bulletin, Aug. 24, 1940, p. 154.

10

White House press releases dated Oct. 19, 1960; the Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 28, 1960, pp. 831-832.

1.

PART IV

WESTERN EUROPE AND THE
ATLANTIC COMMUNITY

A. The Developing Atlantic and European Communities

THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

...

"THE PROPOSAL FOR CONCLUSION OF A NONAGGRESSION PACT BETWEEN THE WARSAW PACT ORGANIZATION AND THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION ... ASSUMES EVEN GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN IN PRECEDING YEARS": Declaration Issued by the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact Organization, Moscow, February 4, 1960 1

THE UNITED STATES "WOULD BE GRATIFIED BY ANY MOVE OF THE SOVIET BLOC WHICH WOULD PROVIDE PRACTICAL CONFIRMATION OF THE FREQUENTLY REPEATED DISAVOWAL BY THE SOVIET UNION OF AGGRESSIVE INTENTIONS": Statement Read to Correspondents by the Director of the Office of News (White), Department of State, February 5, 19602

131. MINISTERIAL SESSION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL, ISTANBUL, MAY 2-4, 1960: Communiqué Issued May 4, 1960 3

The North Atlantic Council held its spring ministerial meeting in Istanbul from May 2nd-4th.

1

The Council took stock of the situation on the eve of the Summit

The Current Digest of the Soviet Press, vol. XII, No. 5, Mar. 2, 1960, pp. 8–12. 'Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 22, 1960, pp. 284–285. This statement was made in reply to the Warsaw Pact Organization's Feb. 4 proposal, cited supra. 'Department of State press release No. 243 (text ibid., May 23, 1960, p. 840).

Meeting. The results of its exchange of views may be summarized as follows:

(A) The Council welcomes the prospect of negotiations with the Soviet Union, and hopes that they will lead to improved international relations. The unity of the Alliance is a condition of progress towards this end.

(B) All members of the Alliance share the aim of general and complete disarmament, to be achieved by stages under effective international control, and support the proposals of the Western negotiators at Geneva to this end. These proposals in their view provide the best means of carrying out the United Nations Resolution of 20th November, 1959; they regret the unwillingness which the Soviet side has so far shown to discuss specific practical measures of disarmament.

(C) While desiring a true international detente, the Atlantic Alliance cannot be satisfied with a formula of "peaceful coexistence" under cover of which attacks continue to be made on individual members of the Alliance. Detente, like peace, is indivisible. Thus, the efforts of Soviet propaganda to discredit the Federal Republic of Germany and the governments of certain other NATO countries are inimical to the Alliance as a whole and inconsistent with a real improvement of international relations.

(D) The Council reaffirms the view that the solution of the problem of Germany can only be found in reunification on the basis of selfdetermination. It recalls its Declaration of 16th December, 1958,' and once again expresses its determination to protect the freedom of the people of West Berlin.

The Council heard reports on the topics likely to be discussed at the Summit Meeting. After a full discussion, it expressed its entire agreement with the common positions of the United States, France and the United Kingdom as worked out in consultation with their Allies. It expressed its satisfaction with the system of continuous consultation between all members of the Alliance which has been developed.

The Council also examined the Secretary General's report on the working of the Alliance. It welcomed the progress accomplished in various fields and reaffirmed its determination to continue its efforts in the field of political and economic cooperation and solidarity which is so necessary for the maintenance of peace and defense of freedom. All members of the Council reaffirmed their faith in NATO and welcomed the emphasis given in President Eisenhower's message to the long-term planning of the Alliance.

'U.N. General Assembly Res. 1378 (XIV); text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, p. 1281.

Text ibid., 1958, pp. 602–603.

*Not printed.

'Text in the Department of State Bulletin, May 23, 1960, pp. 839-840.

[THE NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL "REGRETS THAT MR. KHRUSHCHEV'S POSITION HAS MADE NEGOTIATIONS IN PARIS IMPOSSIBLE": Communiqué Issued by the Permanent Council of NATO, Paris, May 19, 1960-Post, doc. 191]

"THE SUPPLY BY THE UNITED STATES OF AGGRESSIVE ROCKET WEAPONS TO WEST GERMANY WILL STILL MORE STRAIN THE SITUATION IN EUROPE": Note From the Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (Gromyko) Delivered to the American Chargé d'Affaires ad interim at Moscow (Freers), July 19, 1960 10

"AS LONG AS THE SOVIET UNION PERSISTS IN INTRODUCING MISSILES OF ALL KINDS INTO ITS FORCES, NATO MUST CONTINUE TO BUILD UP ITS DEFENSIVE STRENGTH, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN WEAPONS AND TECHNIQUES": Statement Issued by the Department of State, July 20, 1960 11

11

"SUCH STEPS AS MAY BE TAKEN BY THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION TO PROVIDE MIDRANGE BALLISTIC MISSILES FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE TREATY AREA WILL BE TAKEN IN ACCORDANCE WITH AGREED NATO DEFENSE PLANS": Note From the American Embassy in Moscow to the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August 8, 1960 12

132. FRENCH SUGGESTIONS FOR REFORM OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION: Reply Made by the President of the French Republic (General de Gaulle) to a Question Asked at a News Conference, Paris, September 5, 1960 13

The treaty of the North Atlantic alliance was made by specifying, in its own text, that it could be revised after ten years. These ten years have passed. What are the two points which it seems to us must be revised?

The first the limitation of the alliance to the zone of Europe. We consider that, at least between the world powers of the West, something should be or

10

11

'Department of State Bulletin, Aug. 29, 1960, p. 349.

Department of State press release No. 403; ibid., p. 347. This statement was issued by way of interim reply to the Soviet note of July 19, 1960; ibid., p. 349.

12

Department of State press release No. 437, Aug. 9, 1960; ibid., pp. 347–348. The U.S. note was in reply to the Soviet note of July 19, 1960; ibid., p. 349. 13 Reuters English-language translation as printed in the New York Times, Sept. 6, 1960.