EXHIBITS

Basic science.-In 1893, during the Columbian Exposition, light rays left the star Arcturus to travel toward earth at 186,000 miles a second for 40 years. On June 1, 1933, these rays will be brought to focus on a photo-electric cell by the 40-inch telescope of the Yerkes Observatory at Williams Bay, Wis. The impact of the light on the cell, amplified, will send out the impulses to throw the switches opening the exhibits of the pure sciences.

These will form the centerpiece of the exposition. With the aid of universities, museums, and industrial laboratories, there will be presented some of the outstanding phenomena in the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. These will set forth the main principles of these sciences, to mark many of the important stages in their development, and to lead up to some of their more important applications.

In mathematics, for example, the visitor will see the manner in which this science is used in the navigation of a ship, in the problem of electrical communication, and in other engineering applications. By this the visitor will be impressed by the central position which mathematics holds as a method or tool employed by all the other sciences.

Chemistry will be shown as a fundamental science dealing with the transformations of matter and the laws which formulate these transformations. It is also proposed to demonstrate the tools and methods of chemistry by which our natural resources are developed and transformed into the necessities of life. Exhibits of medical science at A Century of Progress will visualize simply yet dramatically the tremendous strides made during the past century in the causes, detection, treatment, and prevention of human and animal diseases. Each display will be so planned as to be interesting and educational not alone to the physician and medical scientist, but to the layman as well.

Across the lagoon from the hall of science in the electrical group will be displayed the manner in which man has used the discoveries of the scientist for his comfort, convenience, and acquisition of knowledge. The highly developed service of telephone communication and the story of the telegraph and its contribution to human progress in the last century will be portrayed in the communications building. The electrical industry will demonstrate in the electrical building its manifold problems of generation, distribution, and utilization. The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. has already assigned and stationed in Chicago to plan its exhibits one of the three men responsible for the general use of the steam turbine. The radio building will be devoted to a collective scientific exhibit, visualizing the tremendous strides made in radio since its discovery. It will include representative types of apparatus used from the early days of Marconi up to the present time, so that step by step the progress and development of this communications art to its present high service of entertainment and education through broadcasting will be traced. The Radio Corporation of America already has done much work toward the collection of historical exhibits for museum purposes.

That transportation is a strong right hand of science and commerce will be shown in its own section. The huge dome of the travel and transport building will house exhibits of the earliest and latest methods of travel in the various fields. The adjoining sections will present the drama of the railroad, the waterway, the highway, and the air. The General Motors Co., instead of taking space within the travel and transport building, has elected to erect a building of its own, one which the president of the Chevrolet Co., who signed the contract for General Motors, has announced would involve an expenditure of $1,000,000 for the building alone. The Chrysler Co. has also signed a contract, not yet made public, for its own building. The type of exhibits to be made in these buildings is in strict harmony with announced exposition scheme of exhibits.

In the general exhibits group each building is to be devoted exclusively to a particular industry. Plans for the group have been prepared and construction will go forward in 1932. The size of these buildings will depend upon the amount of space taken by the industries or interests for which the building is erected. The agricultural group is being planned along lines similar to the general exhibits group. Several special buildings, similar to the General Motors building mentioned above, are under negotiation and may add to the space available for exhibits.

Sharp will be the contrast between the drab quarters of a century ago, as shown in Fort Dearborn, and the modern housing group across the way. Eight dwelling houses, a 3-story apartment house, and a general exhibits hall are planned

15 The Associated Tile Manufacturers have signed an application to construct a tile house, and the Chicago Lumber Institute has applied for a permit to construct a frame house. Other houses in the group will be used to show various types of building construction; in addition, the houses will be so designed as to cover the small-house field and to show types adapted to different living conditions. The exhibit hall will provide space in which building materials as well as related industries may be shown. Space will be provided in the hall for exhibits of municipal and sanitary engineering, in addition to city planning and smallhouse design.

The social sciences will be portrayed in a special building. A committee of the Social Science Research Council has been working with the exposition some time. Their labors are now resulting in a series of distinctive exhibits and features which should command the interest of every visitor. Consideration is being given by the experts to the exhibit possibilities in education, child welfare, recreation, health, criminology, insurance, taxation, advertising, economics, and other subjects.

Back of the scientific discovery, back of its industrial and social applications, is man himself—the theme of the anthropological section. With the development of man and his culture on American soil as the example, the exhibits are calculated to raise many interesting problems on human life and institutions. The Eskimo, the northwest, the southwest, the eastern Indians, and the mound builders will be shown. The greatest achievement of early man in America-a Mayan temple is planned. Working drawings of the nunnery of Uxmal, completed several months ago, indicate space within the temple for strictly scientific exhibits depicting the life of man from the embryo to adult life. Here the visitor will see the races of man, the effects of race crossing, problems of growth, and other more technical subjects. Here, also, will appear a section of one of the great prehistoric caves of France, so excavated that the growth of human culture and the changes in man's body can be traced over a period of more than 50,000 years.

SPECIAL FEATURES

The emphasis on the development of special features will be placed in 1932 rather than now. However, several phases requiring a longer period of time for completion have already been undertaken.

Music.-A music committee, under the chairmanship of Herbert Witherspoon, vice president of the Chicago Civic Opera, has been formed. It is the present thought that music activities be divided into professional, educational, and communal. For the presentation of professional programs, it is proposed to organize a symphony orchestra for the duration of the exposition, to be composed of the best musical material available. A permanent conductor and distinguished guest conductors from the music world invited for occasional performances would lead this orchestra. Symphony concerts, interspersed with concerts of more popular character are planned. The "professional program" also contemplates the presentation of chamber music as well as of some of the distinguished choirs of the country.

The Music Supervisors' National Conference has agreed to cooperate in a practical demonstration of the development of music in the public schools, colleges and universities, and schools of music. Russell V. Morgan, president of the conference, has appointed a committee of which Joseph E. Maddy, of the University of Michigan, is chairman, to formulate a general plan for the appearance at the exposition of school and college bands, school orchestras, choruses and glee clubs; and in addition, to arrange for demonstrations of group teaching and similar activities.

Communal activity contemplates massed choruses, choirs, and community singing on a vast scale. They should illustrate convincingly the progress made in musical practice and musical appreciation in this country in recent years.

Sports. The sports committee, under the chairmanship of George F. Getz, has established contact with more than 30 governing sport bodies with a view to securing their events for the exposition program. It is found that few of these events are definitely fixed earlier than a year before they are staged, but the replies to overtures are exceedingly favorable and indicate that we shall be in the situation of choosing such events as we can accommodate.

Pageants. Mr. Thomas Woods Stevens, considered by the history committee as being the most eminent producer of pageants in the country, has been engaged to make a preliminary survey of our pageantry needs. It is expected that when this report is received definite commitments will be made along this line.

ILLUMINATION

A Century of Progress will take advantage of new developments in illumination to provide many unusual color effects. Visitors may expect to see a tremendous area of misty light in rainbow hues close to the ground, interrupted by special lighting effects at strategic positions, such as dancing and scintillating colors, color-shadow effects, color transparencies, electrical cascades, luminescent and iridescent features of all kinds.

An experimental electrical laboratory is now in operation in the administration building and experiments in booth lighting are being conducted in the travel and transport building. The fact that the exhibit buildings are windowless gives an unprecedented opportunity for controlled lighting of exhibits.

The exposition is indebted to the Commonwealth Edison Co. for the contribution of the illumination section of the staff.

CONCESSIONS

All activities on the exposition grounds for which visitors will be charged a fee are being classed as concessions. They include the dispensing of foods and refreshments, the providing of transportation and rest areas, the sale of souvenirs and goods, and the development of amusements.

Plans now rapidly maturing will provide for comfortably transporting, feeding, and amusing an average daily attendance of 350,000 visitors.

Two contracts of primary importance have already been signed. One is for the placing of about 75 light refreshment stands throughout the grounds. The second is to supply toilet facilities in consideration of certain advertising privileges, by which the exposition will save a large expenditure for such installations. It is planned to have an outstanding exhibit of wild animals; an Indian show of approximately 500 representatives of about 50 of the principal North American tribes; a colony of African pygmies; representatives of the fire-walking peoples of the South Sea islands, villages of Algerians, Moroccans, Arabians, and other countries of the Near East, and a large variety of new and spectacular rides and amusement devices.

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

These problems include the drawing up of flow charts; the design of terminals for busses, street cars, and elevated lines; the selection of tourist camps and parking areas outside the grounds; air traffic; and traffic over the fixed lines of transportation.

The general designs for the terminal facilities are completed. Considerable progress has been made in developing plans for the construction of a group of tourist camps surrounding the metropolitan area. These tourist camps will be of an attractive design, located near interurban transportation systems. They will offer the automobile tourist economical accommodations, without the difficulty of driving into the business section of the city, and, at the same time, will eliminate the danger of stifling traffic in the congested parts of the city, where the addition of the large number of out-of-town cars would cause serious traffic congestion. In order to make known the facilities available for automobile tourists, preliminary arrangements have been made with the American Automobile Association and other automobile clubs for the broadcasting of information and large numbers of automobile maps.

Contacts have been made with all fixed transportation systems on general plans for the handling of the exposition visitors. Plans are being made for a comprehensive system of intrafair transportation.

Freight rate reduction for shipping exhibits, varying from 25 per cent to 50 per cent, has been secured from practically all steamship lines operating from United States ports. For railroad transportation within the United States the "Chicago rate" has been procured for the exposition, and exhibits will be returned free of charge by the railroads. Designs have been made for the receiving depot and the storage facilities for both bonded and domestic exhibits.

HOSPITAL FACILITIES

The Zurich General Accident & Liability Insurance Co. will provide an emergency hospital, to be constructed by the exposition.

The hospital will be fully staffed and equipped. Completion is planned at the earliest possible moment in order to take care of accident cases which may occur on the grounds while the exposition is being constructed and also for welfare work

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS

of the exposition staff. It is anticipated that the medical staff will render first aid and all necessary medical service during the prefair period, the fair period, and the postfair period, when demolition is under way.

There are within 6-mile radius of the exposition grounds a number of firstclass hospitals, and it is planned that the emergency hospital will transfer to these hospitals the cases which are more serious.

CONGRESSES

It is the desire of the exposition to utilize to the largest extent the regularly established agencies in the city of Chicago which have so freely offered their facilities to the exposition. Therefore, the convention bureau of the Association of Commerce has been the active agent in inducing organizations to hold their 1933 meetings in Chicago. That office reports that several hundred organizations are now making plans through the Association of Commerce for Chicago meetings in 1933. To those invited by the association, A Century of Progress has extended a welcome, but has consciously refrained from making promises of special privileges or accommodations within the grounds, though it is the intention to extend every possible courtesy to group gatherings.

One of the conventions coming to Chicago in 1933 is the American Association for the Advancement of Science. When this group assembles it will include not only the leading men of science from America, but also a large number of distinguished foreign guests, each one a recognized authority in his line. Part of the plan is for these foreign guests to be available for one or more public lectures upon some of the different phases of science. In providing for this international participation, our trustees have made certain that the 1933 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science will be a memorable scientific occasion.

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS SCIENCE SERIES

The Queen of the Sciences, the first book in the exposition's series of scientific publications, is off the press. Written by Dr. E. T. Bell, professor of mathematics at the California Institute of Technology, the book deals with the vital interest of the subject and traces to it many of the intellectual advances of the past century.

The series will comprise about 20 books, prepared on scientific fields in nontechnical style by distinguished authors. Williams & Wilkins Co., of Baltimore, are the publishers.

PROMOTION

Releases to publications of all kinds are being confined to established facts rather than hopes not yet realized.

A 4-page bulletin is sent each week to a selected list including the various State commissions, foreign consuls, advisory committees, exhibitors, and others.

The Chicago newspapers are fully represented among the exposition's trustees and guarantors, and have been more than generous in their support of the project, as have the various wire press services which reach daily newspapers throughout the United States.

Following the work of the exhibits department, the promotion department is in the midst of its program of cooperation and the furnishing of interesting publicity matter to the industrial and trade press.

In increasing numbers, organized groups within the metropolitan area are visiting the grounds and buildings. In the past week 865 people have been escorted through.

Requests for volunteer speakers average 10 a week. Radio stations WGN and WMAQ run regular World's Fair periods, and station WCFL is sending out a series of short-wave-length programs. The other local stations have been generous in affording special programs. In addition, radio programs telling the story of the exposition's progress have been carried by many stations outside Chicago on chain broadcasts.

Several hundred business concerns in the city are regularly using their publicity avenues as part of the recognized exposition promotion.

There is every indication that the interest created is steadily rising, and it is our thought that its peak will be reached a few months preceding the opening.