Laxatives: A Practical GuideSpringer Science & Business Media, 6 dec. 2012 - 85 pagini Constipation is a common disorder that is often defined differently by patients and physicians. Clinically, constipation occurs when bowel move ments are difficult or painful. The "normality" of bowel movements, in terms of frequency, varies among individuals; frequency that is thought by one person to be constipation may be reported by another to be usual and thus normal. Often the perceived "need" to have a bowel movement leads to self-treatment with laxatives as these drugs are widely available without a prescription. This situation can raise problems in patient care, because of potential interactions between laxatives and other medications. Furthermore, chronic use (abuse) oflaxatives can cause serious medical consequences, causing patients to visit physicians, and even to be hospitalized for further evaluation and care. This has a financial impact on the patient, and on health care systems. It is essential that pharmacists, physicians and other health care practitioners counsel patients on the causes of constipation and the proper use oflaxatives. A medical work-up by a physician should be done to determine if the constipation is due to a pathological process. Often nor mal bowel function (for an invididual) can be maintained by diet and/or lifestyle. Most laxatives in use today are of botanical origin. Further research on the mechanism of action of these and synthetic laxatives is needed to bet ter define their pharmacology and toxicology. |
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abdominal absorption aloe anthranoid laxatives anthraquinone autacoids Autore G Beubler bile bisacodyl bowel movements bran calcium Capasso F Capasso1 and Timothy cascara castor oil cathartic cause chronic constipation clinical colorectal cancer containing cyclic AMP danthron defecation Department of Experimental diarrhea Dietary fiber diphenylmethane Donowitz dose electrolyte emodin epithelial cells etal Experimental Pharmacology feces fluid Francesco Capasso1 function Gaginella Gaginella2 Department Gastroenterology glycosides Gullikson increase induced inhibition intestinal secretion inthe Izzo AA lactulose laxation laxative laxative abuse laxative action laxative effect LengPeschlow longterm lumen magnesium Mascolo mechanism melanosis coli membrane metabolism motility mucilaginous mucosa Naples FedericoII Naples,Italy Schoolof Pharmacy nitric oxide ofthe oral osmotic patients Pharm Pharmacol Pharmacology Pharmacology 36 Suppl phenolphthalein produce prostaglandins psyllium rat colon receptors rectum ricinoleic acid salts secretory senna sennosides small intestine smooth muscle stimulation stool studies substances transit transport treatment of constipation University of Naples University of Wisconsin vitro water and electrolyte