Mr. DiCarlo: For all practical purposes, poppies are cultivated only in the NWFP. There is slight evidence that some opium poppies are grown in Baluchistan for local domestic use, but the amount is not significant. Senator Inouye: Has Pakistan surpassed the Golden Triangle as the biggest source of heroin entering the United States? Mr. DiCarlo: Southwest Asia (Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran) provides an estimated 55 percent of the heroin entering the U.S. Since Pakistan produced a bumper crop of 800 metric tons in 1979, it has become the primary source country for heroin destined for the U.S and Western Europe. Even though Pakistan's opium production was down to 50 80 metric tons during the past two years, it is estimated that a stockpile of over 200 tons remains. Additionally, an underdetermined amount of opium is smuggled through Pakistan from Afghanistan to Iran, Turkey, Europe and the U.S. Heroin from the Golden Triangle enter- ing the U.S. was estimated at 10 - 15 percent of the total in 1982. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL TURKEY Senator Inouye: Mr. DiCarlo, does the United States have a bilateral narcotics control agreement with the Government of Turkey? Mr. DiCarlo: The U.S. has two bilateral agreements with the GOT which provide for commodity assistance and training for the Turkish National Police (TNP) and the Jandarma, the border and rural police. The agreements are identical and provide for replenishment of funds, at an unspecified level, on a yearly basis. Senator Inouye: If so, when did this agreement take place? Mr. DiCarlo: The agreement with the TNP was signed in August 1980 and with the Jandarma in July 1981. Senator Inouye: How do you propose to obligate the $1 million requested for narcotics control enforcement in Turkey? Mr. DiCarlo: In conformity with our programming system, INM will review Embassy budget requests that have been discussed and planned with the Turkish government. Should the request be well justified, INM will allot funds for projects with those organizations the Embassy believes to be most committed and responsive to drug control. Through FY 1982, the TNP has received $1,100,000 and the Jandarma $1,400,000. Our assistance has been used for vehicles, communications and laboratory equipment, and aircraft spare parts. Senator Inouye: To what agency or bureau will it be provided? Mr. DiCarlo: It is provided to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and disbursed to the Turkish National Police, which is responsible for law enforcement in urban areas and the Jandarma, which has similar responsibilities in rural areas and along the borders, particularly with Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Both agencies have the personnel resources needed to use and maintain the equipment with a minimum of training or advice from U.S. technicians. The GOT has not yet indicated how it wishes to distribute our assistance in FY 1984, but I would suspect it would again provide more funds to the Jandarma than the TNP. Senator Inouye: What is the relationship, if any, of this agency to the Ministry of Defense? Mr. DiCarlo: The TNP and the Jandarma come under the Ministry of Interior. Only during time of war would they come under the Ministry of Defense. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL Senator Inouye: Mr. DiCarlo, you have stated that the Golden Triangle area of Southeast Asia produced a record 600 tons of opium in the 1981 and 1982 crop years. What would be the weight total for heroin converted from this amount of opium? Mr. DiCarlo: A ratio of 10 to 1 is normally used to convert opium to heroin; i.e. ten parts of opium make one part of heroin. Thus, theoretically, were all 600 tons of opium gum coverted, 60 tons of heroin would be available from the Golden Triangle. This does not occur. Some is lost, some seized and a significant but undetermined amount is consumed in the area as opium. Senator Inouye: What were the principal country destinations for this opium? Mr. DiCarlo: The Southeast Asian countries of the Golden Triangle and those bordering it have significant heroin user populations. Conservative figures estimate that the heroin using populations of Thailand, Burma, and Malaysia consume as much as 14 to 15 metric tons of heroin in a year. DEA estimates that less than 15 percent of the heroin entering the U.S comes from the Golden Triangle. The remaining heroin from the area is consumed in Hong Kong, Australia and Western Europe. Senator Inouye: Are these countries contributing on a bilateral basis to the control of narcotics production in Southeast Asia? What is their contribution? Mr. DiCarlo: The following countries have bilateral programs in Thailand. The U.S. program totals $2.4 million for FY 1983. Australia has provided $6.9 million in narcotics related development assistance projects beginning in 1982 for a five year period. The Federal Republic of Germany has provided $2.5 million over a three year period, starting in 1981. Canada has provided $200,000 for narcotics related projects in health and crop substitution and in training. The United Kingdom has provided commodities, a coffee growing expert (crop substitution) and $50,000 annually to a Thai law enforcement program. New Zealand, France and Japan provide funds for educational grants and other crop substitution projects. The primary source for narcotics assistance in Burma is the United Nations. Norway has provided development aid through the United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control for narcotics related projects. The U.S. has the only bilateral narcotics program in Burma ($6 million in FY 1983). BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS STATEMENT OF JAMES N. PURCELL, JR., DIRECTOR, BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACCOMPANIED BY: ROBERT L. FUNSETH, SENIOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY, BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS ARTHUR E. DEWEY, DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY, BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS ROZANNE OLIVER, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF PROGRAM AND BUDGET PLANNING, BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS INTRODUCTION OF WITNESS AND COLLEAGUES Senator KASTEN. Our next witness is Mr. James Purcell. First of all, thank you for your patience. We ended up by spending a little bit more time than we thought. Mr. James Purcell is the Director of the Bureau for Refugee Programs. Mr. Purcell, we have a copy of your statement. We would hope in the interest of time you could summarize your statement. The complete statement will be made a part of the record and that will give us an opportunity for questions. You might introduce those people who you have chosen to accompany you. Mr. PURCELL. Yes, sir. Mr. Robert Funseth is our Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary for Management. Mr. Eugene Dewey, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Relief Programs, and Rozanne Oliver, our Director of Program and Budget Planning. I will summarize briefly our request. It is a pleasure for me to appear before you. This is my first appearance as the Director of the Bureau, having been appointed by the Secretary this past October. BUDGET REQUEST Our request is for $344.5 million, which is about $50.5 million less than the continuing resolution level for 1983. About half of that reduction is made up of reductions in admissions to the United States. We are requesting 72,000 admissions this year compared to the 90,000 in fiscal year 1983. The other $25 million reduction occurs in our refugee relief programs. We are requesting $197.5 million which we believe is approximately 25 percent of international and private voluntary organization relief requirements around the world. Other activities include our contributions to the International Committee of the Red Cross [ICRC], to the Intergovernmental Com mittee for Migration, and $12.5 million for Jewish refugees going to Israel. Our administrative expenses are $7.6 million, which is basically the same level as in 1983. We are pursuing, as in the past, programs to help what we calculate are around 7 million refugees worldwide. Our policy is to provide initial care and relief to refugees once they arrive in asylum countries and to pursue programs for solutions to their problems either through repatriation to their countries of origin, settlement in the region, or, as a last resort, thirdcountry resettlement. In that regard we are trying to minimize admissions to the United States and are trying to broaden the burden sharing with other resettlement nations. I will stop here and entertain your questions, Senator. [The prepared statement follows:] |