Word and Object

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MIT Press, 20 dec. 2010 - 310 pagini
Language consists of dispositions, socially instilled, to respond observably to socially observable stimuli. Such is the point of view from which a noted philosopher and logician examines the notion of meaning and the linguistic mechanisms of objective reference. In the course of the discussion, Professor Quine pinpoints the difficulties involved in translation, brings to light the anomalies and conflicts implicit in our language's referential apparatus, clarifies semantic problems connected with the imputation of existence, and marshals reasons for admitting or repudiating each of various categories of supposed objects. He argues that the notion of a language-transcendent "sentence-meaning" must on the whole be rejected; meaningful studies in the semantics of reference can only be directed toward substantially the same language in which they are conducted.
 

Cuprins

Language Truth
1
2 The objective pull or e pluribus unum
5
3 The interanimation of sentences
9
4 Ways of learning words
13
5 Evidence
17
6 Posits and truth
21
Translation and Meaning
26
8 Stimulation and stimulus meaning
31
31 Opacity in certain verbs
146
32 Opacity in certain verbs
151
Regimentation
157
34 Aims and claims of regimentation
161
35 Variables and referential opacity
166
36 Time Confinement of general terms
170
37 Names reparsed
176
38 Conciliatory remarks Elimination of singular terms
181

9 Occasion sentences Intrusive information
35
10 Observation sentences
40
11 Intrasubjective synonymy of occasion sentences
46
12 Synonymy of terms
51
13 Translating logical connectives
57
14 Synonymous and analytic sentences
61
15 Analytical hypotheses
68
16 On failure to perceive the indeterminacy
73
The Ontogenesis of Reference
80
18 Phonetic norms
85
19 Divided references
90
20 Prediction
95
21 Demonstratives Attributives
100
22 Relative terms Four phases of references
105
23 Relative clauses Indefinite singular terms
110
24 Identity
114
25 Abstract terms
118
Vagaries of References
125
27 Ambiguity of terms
129
28 Some ambiguities of syntax
134
29 Ambiguity of scope
138
30 Opacity and indefinite terms
141
39 Definition and the double life
186
Flight from Intension
191
41 modality
195
42 Propositions as meanings
200
43 Toward dispensing with intensional objects
206
44 Other objects for the attitudes
211
45 The double standard
216
46 Dispositions and conditionals
222
47 A framework for theory
226
Ontic Decision
233
49 False predilections Ontic commitment
238
50 Entia non grata
243
51 Limit myths
248
52 Geometrical objects
251
53 The ordered pair as philosophical paradigm
257
54 Numbers mind and body
262
55 Whither classes?
266
56 Semantic ascent
270
Bibliographical References
277
Index
287
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Despre autor (2010)

Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000) held the Edgar Pierce Chair of Philosophy at Harvard University from 1956 to 2000. Considered one the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, he is the author of Mathematical Logic, The Roots of Reference, The Time of My Life: An Autobiography (MIT Press), and many other books.