185 Information furnished by Capt. M. D. Whiteside, Hospital Section, Operations Division, Air Surgeon's Office, 9 Jan 1945. 180 As of 18 Jul 1944. Data furnished by Col. A. A. Towner, Chief Hospital Section, Operations Division, Air Surgeon's Office. 187 188 189 WD Cir. No. 140, 11 Apr 1944. Change No. 3 in AR 40-1080, 30 Sep 1944. Memo for the Air Surgeon from Lt. Col. Lee C. Gammill, Chief, Hospital Construction, Air Surgeon's Office, 16 Oct 1943. 190 Memo for CG's, AAF, ASF, AGF, from AC/S, G-4, Sep 1944. 191 Memo for TSG from Director of Plans and Operations, ASF, 23 Sep 1944. 192 Memo for the CG, ASF, from Director of Plans and Operations, ASF, 23 Sep 1944. 195 196 Memo for TSG from Director of Plans and Operations, ASF, 11 Oct 1944. Memo for CG's, ASF, and AGF, and from AC/S, G-4, 23 Sep 1944. The directive made no distinction in the type of facility where the reduction would be effective. 197 108 199 200 Memo for the AC/S, G-4, from Director of Plans and Operations, ASF, 30 Oct 1944. Memo for the CG's, ASP and AAF, from G-4, 17 Nov 1944. Memo for TSG from Acting Director of Plans and Operations, ASF, 7 Dec 1944. Memo for CG, ASF, from TSG, 4 Jan 1945. 201 Memo for the CG, ASF, from TSG, sub: "General Hospital Program, Zone of the Interior," 8 Jan Memo for TSG, from Director, Plans and Operations, ASF, 22 Jan 1945. It should be noted that the shortage of hospital beds is not in station and regional hospitals where prior reductions had been ordered by G-4. 208 This information was taken from "Memorandum for the Record," 5 Mar 1945, written by Col. W. P. Holbrook. 211 "Memorandum for the Record," TAB C, 2 Mar 1945, prepared by Lt. Col. R. B. Rutherford, Special Assistant to TAS. Memo for TSG and TAS, Tab G, in ibid. A note on this memo states that it was initialed on 6 March by Colonel Fitzpatrick, Colonel Stewart, Lieutenant Colonel Thompson, and Major Gay, representing TSG, and Colonel Holbrook, Lieutenant Colonel Towner and Major Ball for TAS. For details, see: Tab E, "Memorandum for the Record," 5 Mar 1945, signed by Lt. Col. Alonzo A. Towner, AFTAS; Tab F, "Memorandum for the Record," 5 Mar 1945, signed by Lt. Col. R. B. Rutherford, AFTAS. Memo for AC/S, G-4, from TAS, date unknown. 214 215 216 DF, Comment No. 1, to CG, AAF (Attn: Air Surgeon), from G-4, 26 Mar 1945. Memo for the DC/S, sub: Report of Survey of Zone of Interior Hospitalization, 14 May 1945. 217 Par. 7a. 218 Par. 7f and g. 219 Transmitted 21 May 1945, Report of Zone of Interior Hospitalization, from G-4, copy in C/S Records Room. Noted by DC/S, 23 May 1945, and by C/S, 24 May 1945. According to General Schwichtenberg, it was out of the rehabilitation and conversion program described that the hospital center concept emerged. A hospital center consisted of a large general hospital (Specialized Hospital) plus a convalescent hospital. Some centers came to have as many as 10,000 beds altogether. 220 221 224 Questionnaires and answers on file in TAS files. See also “Hospitalization for AAF Units Overseas." Memo for AC/AS, OC&R, Integration Committee, from Lt. Col. Richard L. Meiling (MC) Acting C/Operations Div., 10 Jun 44. 223 Memo for C/AS from General Grant, 26 Jun 44. 24 Comments 1 through 8 (basic above), 30 Jun 44 through 23 Jul 44, sub: AAF Medical Service and Hospitalization Overseas, and penciled notation on office buck slip bearing Gen. Timberlake's name and with his initials. 225 Penciled note for Col. Bair (TAS) initialed RLM (Richard L. Meiling). 926 227 Comment 11 (basic above), TAS to OC&R, 28 Jul 44. Comment 14 (basic above), AC/AS, OC&R to Deputy C/S, 9 Aug 44. Comment 15, Deputy See p. 106. 1. Comment 16, TAS to Deputy C/S (basic above), 23 Aug 44. 2. Basic study bears marginal note "Disapproved by Gen. Arnold 9/1/44. (Initialed) BMG (General Giles)." 231 AG ltr. to CG's, AAF, ATC, EDC, NBC, and North Atlantic Wing, ATC, 6 Aug 1943. 232 233 Par. 7, OPD, WDGS, DF, 6 Mar 44. Par. 2, DF from G-3 to CG, AAF, 18 Mar 1944. 234 Ibid. DF from G-3 to CG, AAF, 18 Apr 1944. 238 DF from AAF to G-3, 26 Apr 1944. **AG ltr., dated 11 May 1944 on basis of DF from OPD to TAG, 9 May 1944. 240 DF from G-3 to CG, AAF, 17 May 1944. 241 Memo for TSG from General Lutes, 24 May 1944. 242 Memo for TSG from General Lutes, 20 May 1944. 243 244 1st Ind. (basic ltr., TSG from CG, ASF, 24 May 1944) 2 Jun 1944, taken from Memo for Record. Memo for AC/S, G-3, from CG, ASF, 16 Jun 1944. 245 Memo for C/S, Attn: OPD, undated. 246 Memo for CG, ASF, from G-3, 24 Jun 1944. 1st Ind. (DF from OPD to CG, ASF, 2 Sep 1944), from TSG to OPD, through CG, ASF, 5 Sep 1944, Memo for Record. 252d Ind. (DF from OPD to CG, ASF, 2 Sep 1944), from CG, ASF, to AC/S, OPD, 7 Sep 1944. 255 'Memo for CG, AAF, from OPD, 10 Sep 1944. See also R&R from AC/AS, OC&R, to TAS, 11 Sept 1944 and comment No. 2 from TAS to AC/AS, OC&R, 16 Oct 1944. 256 257 258 AG ltr., to CG's AAF, Eastern Defense Command, and ATC, 7 Nov 1944. Ltr., CO, SAD, ATC, to CG, AAF, through CG, ATC, 9 May 1945. 1st Ind. (basic ltr., CO, SAD, ATC, to CG, AAF, through CG, ATC, 9 May 1945), Hq. ATC, to CG, AAF, 16 May 1945. 239 2d Ind. (Basic ltr., CO, SAD, ATC, to CG, AAF, through CG, ATC, 9 May 1945), from Hq., AAF, to OPD, 30 May 1945. 260 DF from OPD to CG, ASF, Attn: TSG, 1 Jun 1945. 261 1st Ind. (DF from OPD to CG, ASF, 1 Jun 1945), TSG to OPD, 8 Jun 1945. 262 Ltr., AFTAS to CO, SAD, ATC, 20 Jul 1945. 283 Memo for the Sec. of War from the TSG, 10 Jan 1945. 204 Ibid. 205 Memo for the AC/S, G-1, G-3, G-4, and OPD, CG's, AAF, AGF, and ASF, from ADC/S, 13 Jan 1945. 266 Memo for the AC/S, G-1, from Gen. Barney Giles, 15 Jan 1945. 27 Memo for Major General Grant, TAS, from Lt. Col. R. B. Rutherford, 24 Jan 1945. 268 Memo for Major General Grant, TAS, from Lt. Col. R. B. Rutherford, 10 Feb 1945. 270 WD Cir. No. 59, 2 Mar 1942. 271 DF, to (d) CG, ASF (2) C/S from SPMDA, General Lull 29 Jan 1945. 212 Ibid. 279 Telephone conversation between Brig. Gen. F. A. Bliss, SGO, and Lt. Col. R. B. Rutherford, TAS, 2 Mar 1945. 280 Memo for Major General Grant, TAS, from Lt. Col. R. B. Rutherford, 12 Mar 1945. 281 Draft of circular by SGO, par. 2b. 282 WD Cir. No. 120, 18 Apr 1945. 283 See n. 42. In many of these States the situation was extremely critical. 254 Daily Report of Activities, Personnel Division, AFTAS, 13 Apr 1945. 200 'Ibid., par. 4a (2). The Adjusted Service Rating score as later announced by the War Department was based on (1) one point for each month of service since 16 Sep 1940; (2) one point for each month of overseas service since 16 Sep 1940; (3) five points for decorations and bronze service stars awarded for service since 16 Sep 1940; and (4) 12 points for children under 18 years old up to three. Points stopped accumulating after 2 Sep 1945. Announced by cable No. 79214 from OPD to theaters 8 May 1945. See also Memo for C/S from Maj. Gen. R. E. Porter, 13 Aug 1945. 291 Ibid., Appendix I. A. The formula for competing efficiency indices was E-RxM, with E=Efficiency index. R=Rating value (ranging from superior to unsatisfactory). M=Number of months for which each rating was given. T=Total number of months for which rating is available. 292 ASF, SGO, Office Order No. 105, 11 May 1945. It was necessary to change the personnel of this Board because of separations of individual members. 300 "Daily Reports of Activities, Personnel Division,” AFTAS, 26 Jun 1945. 301 DF from G-1 to CG, AAF, 25 Jul 1945. 802 Ibid. 303 If the ratio of 8.3 for the AGF and ASF was arrived at by including the Army Service Forces doctors in the general hospitals, then the comparison is ill-advised and unfair. For to balance the large number of patients coming into the Army Service Forces general hospitals from the theaters would be a small number of admission to the Air Forces convalescent hospitals. 204 Ltr., AFTAS to CG, ATC. The same information was sent to other commands. 305 Referred to hereafter as ASR score. 306 307 SGO listed Otorhinolaryngologist instead of Otolaryngologist. Ltr., ASF to CG's, Service Commands, 19 Aug 1945. The same criteria were announced on 13 Aug 1945 in an AG Letter to CG's, EDG, WDC, Director Selective System. 308 TWX DTG 142057, TWX AFTAS 3580 dated 26 Jul 1945. TWX DTG 072122Z, TWX, DTG 072103Z, and TWX DTG 072121Z. 309 Ltr., Acting C/AS, to CG, CAF, 25 Aug 1945. 310 311 312 Memo for the CG, AAF, Attn: TAS, from Brig. Gen. R. W. Bliss, SGO, 4 Sep 1945. Memo for AC/S, G-1, from Brig. Gen. R. W. Bliss, SGO, 10 Sep 1945. Ltr., Service Commands, from ASF, 15 Sep 1945. 313 Memo for AC/AS-1 from Lt. Col. William A. Glazier, 22 Aug 1945. 314 From V-E Day to V-J Day only 144 doctors and 14 dentists on duty with the AAF had been separated it will be recalled. 315 316 317 318 319 Ltrs., Maj. Gen. G. V. Henry, Asst. CS G-1, to TSG and TAS, 14 Sep 1945. Ltr., Gen. T. T. Handy, Deputy CS, to General Eisenhower, date unknown. Ltr., General Grant to General Henry, 17 Sep 1945. Ltr., Maj. Gen. G. F. Lull to CG, AAF, Attn: TAS, 20 Aug 1945. Ltr., Deputy TAS, to CG, ASF, Attn: Chief, Personnel Division, SGO, 20 Nov 1945. 320 1st Ind. (basic Ltr., Deputy TAS to CG, ASF, Attn: C/Personnel Division, SGO) to CG, AAF, Attn: TAS, 20 Nov 1945. 321 WDGAP, 16 Oct 1945, AC/S, G-1. Dispatched by TWX to CG's, EDC WDC. See WD Cir. 376, 1945, Sec. IV, par. 3B for authority. 322 WD Cir. 485, Sec. III, par 8a, 29 Dec 1944. 323 324 325 326 Ltr., Acting TAG to CG's, AAF, AGF, ASF and S/W Separations Board. Interview with Miss Anne M. Cauti, Chief Clerk, Personnel Division by H. A. Coleman, 5 Jan 1946. Memo for G-1 from the Deputy Chief of Air Staff, 26 Oct 1945. 327 Criticism came from Senator George A. Wilson (Iowa). Apparently, this criticism was caused by failure of the AFTAS Personnel Division to note that the Secretary of War's Separations Board had reversed the decision of The Surgeon General's Separations Board concerning a constituent of Senator Wilson. Information obtained from Miss Cauti, Chief Clerk, AFTAS Personnel Division, 5 Jan 1946. 328 Concerning morale, it should be noted that each Medical Department officer on active duty was entitled to the same procedure, i. e., a final consideration of his application by the Secretary of War's Personnel Board should it be disapproved by Hq., AAF. 333 AG Letter 370.01 (31 Oct 1945) OB-S—A-M., 7 Nov 1945, to CG's, AAF, AGF, asf. 334 TWX No. 1845 from AFTAS to AAF Commands, 17 Dec 1945. These criteria are in effect as of 31 Jan 1946. 335 TWX No. 2165 from AFTAS to CG's, AAF Commands, 20 Dec 1945. Length of service as used herein included total active commissioned and enlisted honorable service continuous or interrupted since 16 Sep 1940 and continued to accrue with the passage of time. Time lost under AW 107 was not included. ASR score was the score computed for each individual as of 2 Sep 1945. Age was determined to the nearest birthday. Chapter III SCHOOL OF AVIATION MEDICINE AND RELATED PROGRAMS' During the decades following establishment of the School for Flight Surgeons at Mineola in 1918, the special problems of aviation medicine were matters of continuing concern to the Air Service, the Air Corps and the Army Air Forces. Prior to 1934 when the Aero Medical Laboratory was established at Wright-Patterson Air Field all aeromedical research activities were byproducts of advanced study programs at the School and largely a matter of individual effort. Both the research and study aspects of aviation medicine were curtailed by lack of appropriated funds to provide personnel and facilities. From the early days at Mineola through the World War II period, however, the requirements of aeromedicine crystallized as a corollary to the development of civilian and military aviation.2 After World War I the Laboratory at Mineola was reorganized, and the officer personnel, all temporary, replaced by officers from the Regular Corps. The enlisted personnel, also temporary and of college grade in education, could not be replaced except by civilians. The rapid demobilization thus created an acute personnel problem. The Air Service had early recognized the need for trained medical officers and as the demobilization went on, calls came for more flight surgeons. In January 1919 Maj. L. H. Bauer was ordered to command the Research Laboratory. He later stated: 3 I had been there, I think, about two months when I received a long distance telephone call telling me they were sending along a class of students; all the other personnel were Reserve Officers. They decided to put the Board and Laboratory on a permanent status, |