The Consequences of Nuclear War: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session, July 11 and 12, 1984U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986 - 297 pagini |
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
Admiral Gayler Agency agricultural AMBIO arms control arsenals atmos atmosphere attack average baseline burn Carl Sagan cities civil defense civil defense program climatic catastrophe clouds consequences of nuclear counterforce countervalue Crutzen depletion deposited deterrence detonation dose dust and smoke economic effects of nuclear EMERY emission estimates evacuation fallout FEMA fires forces forest global going human impact implications industrial injected km² levels major McLOUGHLIN megatons military million missiles Northern Hemisphere nuclear exchange nuclear explosions nuclear war nuclear weapons nuclear winter nuclear winter findings optical depth ozone ozone depletion particles percent population possible ppbv problem production prospect question radiation radioactive range reduce Representative MITCHELL result Sagan scenarios Science Senator PROXMIRE silos soot Soviet Union statement stockpiles strategic stratosphere strike surface survival talking targets temperature threshold tion trigger troposphere TTAPS Turco United urban WAGNER warheads Warnke yield
Pasaje populare
Pagina 35 - Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.
Pagina 35 - Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever, directly or indirectly, and not in any way to assist, encourage, or induce any State, group of States or international organizations to manufacture or otherwise acquire any of the agents, toxins, weapons, equipment or means of delivery specified in article I of the Convention.
Pagina 8 - The fact that no limits exist to the destructiveness of this weapon makes its very existence and the knowledge of its construction a danger to humanity as a whole. It is necessarily an evil thing considered in any light.
Pagina 50 - There is no issue at stake in our political relations with the Soviet Union, no hope, no fear, nothing to which we aspire, nothing we would like to avoid, which could conceivably be worth a nuclear war.
Pagina 8 - SAGAN is the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University. He...
Pagina 20 - To provide a small margin of safety, we neglect this correction in our subsequent discussion. There are also effects that tend to make the results much worse: for example, in our calculations we assumed that rainout of fine particles occurred through the entire troposphere. But under realistic circumstances, at least the upper troposphere may be very dry, and any dust or soot carried there initially may take much longer to fall out. There is also a very significant effect deriving from the drastically...
Pagina 12 - While it is often stated that cities are not targeted "per se," many of the above targets are very near or colocated with cities, especially in Europe. In addition, there is an industrial targeting category ("countervalue attack"). Modern nuclear doctrines require that "war-supporting" facilities be attacked. Many of these facilities are necessarily industrial in nature and engage a work force of considerable size. They are almost always situated near major transportation centers, so that raw materials...
Pagina 8 - WILLIAM M. ROTH FRITZ STERN A Carl Sagan NUCLEAR WAR AND CLIMATIC CATASTROPHE: SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS It is not even impossible to imagine that the effects of an atomic war fought with greatly perfected weapons and pushed by the utmost determination will endanger the survival of man.
Pagina 10 - The present summary is designed particularly for the lay reader. Following this summary, I explore the possible strategic and policy implications of the new findings.* They point to one apparently inescapable conclusion: the necessity of moving as rapidly as possible to reduce the global nuclear arsenals below levels that could conceivably cause the kind of climatic catastrophe and cascading biological devastation predicted by the new studies. Such a reduction would have to be to a small percentage...
Pagina 25 - Whether any people would be able to persist for long in the face of highly modified biological communities; novel climates; high levels of radiation; shattered agricultural, social, and economic systems; extraordinary psychological stresses; and a host of other difficulties is open to question. It is clear that the ecosystem effects alone resulting from a large-scale thermonuclear war could be enough to destroy the current civilization in at least the Northern Hemisphere. Coupled with the direct...