stove in spring, so as to forward their growth and make their flowers open in the autumn, by which they are seen to far more advantage than where allowed to remain, and open at the same time with the other camellias.

7. C. japónica incarnata, Incarnate Japanese, or Lady Hume's Blush, Camellia. A fine and well known variety, imported in 1806 for the late Lady Amelia Hume of Wormleybury, in Hertfordshire. The shoots are long and straggling, and change to a pale brown as they grow old.

8. C. japónica anemoneflòra, Anemone-flowered Japanese, or Waratáh C. Introduced about 1806; very distinct from any of the other Chinese varieties, and readily distinguished by its flat and comparatively narrow pointed leaves, and long slender footstalks. The flowers are remarkably showy, and resemble a large double anemone. Like those of some other varieties they drop off whole, and will retain their freshness for a considerable time afterwards; so that, if placed upon a bud, they appear to be still growing.

The figures in this work combine botanical accuracy with pictorial beauty in an extraordinary degree, while at the same time there is no uncalled for attempt at striking effect. C. japónica variegata, the Waratah, and the apple-flowered, are exquisitely beautiful specimens. It is highly creditable to the gardening profession that there should be found two young men, the one an assistant in his father's nursery, and the other with no pretensions beyond those of a good gardener, and who, we understand, has actually accepted the situation of head-gardener to a gentleman, capable of producing such a work. It is true that the one, from having been born in a nursery famous for its camellias, and the other, from having had an excellent school education in Scotland, having been bred up under one of the best kitchen-gardeners in that country, Mr. Beattie of Scone, and having been long first gardener and afterwards clerk in the Horticultural Society's garden, have had extraordinary advantages; but how frequently are such advantages comparatively neglected! We are proud to see such young men growing up to succeed us in the world, and think we feel almost as much interest in them as if they were our own sons. To all who can afford to purchase such a work we most heartily recommend it. It is sold at much too low a price to afford the authors any profit, but we hope they will meet with sufficient encouragement to save them from pecuniary loss. Sowerby's Supplement to English Botany. In 8vo Numbers. Monthly. 3s. Nos. II. to V., September to December, contain

2598 to 2617.- Phyteuma spicàtum, Salix Doniana, S. incubàcea, Rosa Doniana, "probably a mere variety of R. Sabini," Verrucària pulchella, V. eùploca, Verónica agréstis, Rùbus rhamnifolius, R. Köhlèri, Callitriche autumnàlis, Prímula scótica, Potamogeton acutifòlius, Ròsa dumetòrum, R. Forstèri, Verrucària psoromöìdes, V. sorediàta, Digitària humifùsa, Vícia angustifòlia, Lòtus ténuis, Woodsia ilvénsis, Verrucària bifórmis, V. gemmàta.

Roscoe, Mrs. Edward: Floral Illustration of the Seasons, &c. In 4to Numbers. 9s. each.

No. 4., Winter, is illustrated by three varieties of Chrysanthemum índicum, Tussilago fràgrans, Helleborus nìger, Eranthis hyemalis, Erìca cárnea, and Galanthus nivalis. We are happy to see that the figures are better coloured in this number than in the preceding ones.

A Print of Pinks, drawn from five of the finest plants, after gaining the first prize. By R. Havell, jun.

The sorts are, Penney's Queen, David's Britannia, Lady Ackland, Stevens's Waterloo, and Turner's George the Fourth, beautifully executed; but so far unpleasing to a practical man, in that they are made all to spring from the same root. This may seem a very trifling matter; but truth and nature ought not to be violated, even on the most trifling occasion. Had

the flowers been grouped so as to form a pyramid, they would have had a better effect. The leaves, or what florists call the grass, should have been imitated from nature.

Banks, George, Esq. F.L.S.: The Plymouth and Devonport Flora; or, a Description of Plants indigenous to the Neighbourhood of these Towns. In 8vo Numbers, monthly. 1s. each. No. I. was published March 27. 1830.

Greville, Robert Kaye, Esq. LL.D. F.L.S. F.R.S., and F.A.S.E.: A'lga Británnicæ; or, Descriptions of the Marine and other inarticulated Plants of the British Islands belonging to the order Algæ, with Plates illustrative of the Genera. London. I vol. 8vo, 19 coloured plates. 21. 2s. extraboards.

This admirably executed work, of great interest to all who reside by the sea-shore, and especially to ladies who delight in walking on the margin of the deep, we shall review at length as soon as we can find room; but, as we shall have nothing but good to say of it, our review will consist chiefly of

extracts.

Tyso, the Reverend Joseph, Wallingford, Berks: A select Catalogue for 1829 and 1830, of Choice Ranunculuses grown and sold for benevolent Purposes. One sheet, which may be sent by post. 6d.

This Catalogue contains an astonishing number of names, which the author says he has occupied himself for the last twenty years in selecting from upwards of six hundred named sorts. For our opinion of the Catalogue we refer to Vol. V. p. 383.

Law, the Reverend James Thomas, Chancellor of Litchfield and Coventry: The Poor Man's Gardener; or, a few brief Rules for regulating the Allotments of Land to the Poor, for Potato Gardens. With Remarks, addressed to Mr. Malthus, Mr. Sadler, and the Political Economists; and a Reference to the Opinions of Dr. Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations. London. Rivington. 1830.

Widely indeed does this author differ from us in his idea of the comforts to which the poor are entitled; from which the lesson which the poor have to learn is, that they must take care of themselves. If clergymen, in addition to their spiritual duties, would attend a little more to the things of the body, and instruct their hearers in matters of natural science and political economy, as Dr. Chalmers does (p. 344.), and proposes to others, they would do them much real service. By having their attention exclusively directed to a world to come, they are diverted from their temporal miseries here, and taught to linger on in suffering, as if it were a condition of their existence, and a sort of penance to insure future happiness, instead of exerting themselves to improve their worldly circumstances.

Loudon, J. C., assisted by Mr. Elles, Mr. Pringle, Mr. Gorrie, Mr. Taylor, and others: A Manual of Cottage Gardening, Husbandry, and Architecture, &c. London. 8vo. 1s. 6d. Charlwood, Great Russel Street, Covent Garden.

Our readers have perused this work in our last Number (p. 139. to 209.); we insert the title here merely because we have printed a few copies to be sold at cost, for those who choose to give them away to their poorer neighbours.

Doyle, Mr. Martin: Hints originally intended for the small Farmers of the County of Wexford; but suited to the Circumstances of many Parts of Ireland. Dublin. 18mo. pp. 100. 1 plate. 1s. Published at the especial desire of the North and South Wexford Agricultural Associations. These Hints are written in a familiar style, for the perusal of farmers of from 10 to 50 acres, or upwards; whether the occupiers of such farms are in a state to improve from them we have little means of judging. "In every

part of the country," the author observes, "unless in those favoured spots where kind-hearted and valuable landlords goad their tenant into improvement," the cabins of small holders are unfit to be seen. He asks, whence does this arise? and answers, "from early habits of slovenliness, bad management, and poverty." (p. 11.) The plan of the small holder's cottage and farm-yard, the whole covering a space of 36 ft. by 55 ft. is better than we should have expected; but we should have preferred placing the cottage on a raised platform, or rising to it by three or four steps. Berry, the Reverend Henry: Improved Short-horns, and their Pretensions stated; being an Account of this celebrated Breed of Cattle, derived from authentic Sources. To which is added, an Enquiry as to their Value for General Purposes, placed in Competition with the improved Herefords. London. Pamph. 8vo, second edition. 1830.

Davey, John, Esq. Bath: Observations on the Disease which has lately been so destructive to Sheep, called Bane or Coath; particularising the Causes, and minutely describing the Modes of effecting its Cure; and pointing out those Means which ought to be adopted to prevent its Recurrence. Bath. Pamph. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

1830.

Jennings, James, Esq., Author of the Family Cyclopædia, &c.: A Practical Treatise on the History, Medical Properties, and Cultivation of Tobacco. London. 12mo. 4s. 6d.

This is a little book of very agreeable gossip, mixed up with poetry borrowed and original. If the author had seen Tatham's Historical and Practical Essay, and made use of that, as well as of Carver's Treatise, in compiling his section on cultivation, he might have produced a much more useful book. He ought also to have seen Brodigan's work, which appeared at least two months before that now under notice, and taken up the subject of the cultivation of tobacco in Ireland. The chief difficulty attending the culture of tobacco in Britain will be found in the fermenting and curing, which we do not think can ever be done properly without the aid of artificial heat; but were the cultivation free, this difficulty and every other, except that of climate, would soon be got over; at least if to get over them were found worth while.

The Servant's Guide, and Family Manual. Limbird. 1 vol. 8vo. 5s. A very useful little work, which will at once serve as a cookery book, a guide for every description of servants, and a valuable assistant to the head of every family. We shall recommend this book every where, if it were only for the sake of the excellent suggestions on the "self-improvement" of house-servants. (p. 253.)

FRANCE.

Desfontaines, R., of the Academy of Sciences, Professor of Botany in the Paris Garden: Catalogus Plantarum Horti Regii Parisiensis, cum Annotationibus de Plantis novis aut minus cognitis. Paris. 1829. 8vo, third edition. 7 frs.

The arrangement is Jussieuean, commencing with Monocotylédones, and including under that class:- - Órdo I. Filices; II. Rhizospérmæ (Pilulària and Marsilea); III. Equisetaceæ (Equisètum); and IV. Naïàdeæ; these orders being considered by Desfontaines, and some other botanists, as belonging more to Monocotylédones than Acotylédones. The systematic names of the species only are given, without the French names; but the systematic synonymes are added, and one or two references to good figures, with the native country; the duration is designated by the usual signs of annual, biennial, and perennial, and those of shrubby habit by the usual sign. The words econ. (economical), med. (medicinal), orn. (ornamental), ven. (venomous) cald. (caldarium) and temp. (c. temperatum) for the stove and green-house, are also added. The reason given for

not adding the French names is, that they are too variable and too uncertain; but we are informed that they may be found in the second edition, of which some copies remain at 2frs. 50 cents. Such a catalogue as the last will be useful to English residents in France; this Latin one will be of use to botanists. The notes, to which allusion is made in the titlepage, are very few, and chiefly technical descriptions. The number of natural orders illustrated is 124, and the number of species, estimating from an average of five pages, appears to be 9500, or perhaps 10,000. The number of natural orders which can be illustrated by British collections, as enumerated in our Hortus Británnicus, amounts to 219, and the number of

species, exclusive of Cryptogàmia, to 25,902. Neither the genera nor species are numbered, nor is there a table given of the arrangement; the most valuable parts of the Catalogue are the references to figures and the synonymes.

Journal de la Société d'Agronomie pratique (auquel s'est réuni Le Journal des Jardins). Août, 1829. Paris. In 8vo Numbers, monthly. 10 frs.

per annum.

In

We shall give what may be worthy of notice in this work, and also in the Journal des Jardins, both before us, as soon as we can find room. the Journal d'Agronomie for August, 1829, we are informed that M. Noisette, the nurseryman, is giving a course of lectures on dendrology to the members of the Society, and to all who choose to attend, every Sunday morning at seven o'clock. The order he follows, in treating of the trees, is that of the natural system, and he began with Rosàceæ, as being the richest in fruits.

Annales de l'Institut Horticole de Fromont. In 8vo Numbers, monthly. The institution at Fromont for practical gardeners was opened on the 14th of May, 1829, and eleven numbers of the Annales have since been published. The Chevalier Soulange Bodin, his gardeners, pupils, and workmen, the evening before the opening of the Institution, assisted at a solemn mass got up in the parish church with reference to this occasion. A great many horticulturists arrived from the capital to partake of the fête given at the château of Fromont, and to deliver speeches on the importance of horticulture, and the advantages which it will derive from the institution of Fromont. These speeches occupy nearly the whole of the second livraison, and are sufficiently amusing by being so thoroughly French.

ART. III. Literary Notices.

MR. LINDLEY, we understand, has been for some time past occupied with an Introduction to the Natural System of Botany. This work, when published, will be most invaluable for gardeners. The extraordinary_success which Mr. Lindley had in teaching this system last summer at the London University, has converted to it some of the most obdurate Linneans; and those are now the greatest advocates of the natural system, who, fifteen months ago, prophesied a complete failure if this mode were attempted to be taught in the university.

A Pamphlet on Planting is in the press at Perth, which a friend of ours in that quarter informs us will contain some curious and interesting matter. A second edition of Felton's Portraits of English Authors on Gardening, greatly enlarged, is about to appear. A copy has been sent by our excellent and much esteemed friend the author, which we have sent to be reviewed to a quarter from which, if we are not mistaken, some new light will be thrown on the history of one of our very first gardening authors, certainly in landscape-gardening the very first.

295

PART III.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

ART. I. General Notices.

BELL's Reaping Machine. (figs. 55, 56.)-Sir, At your request, I now set myself down to draw up a description of the reaping machine for your Encyclopædia of Agriculture. The difficulty of making such an implement thoroughly understood, from a plate and description, by the ordinary reader, is, if possible, very great; but, to the intelligent and to the aspiring mechanic, I flatter myself that, by minuteness and order in the delineation, the principal features of the machine shall be sufficiently developed so as to give an accurate idea of its principle, and of the strength of material sufficient to apply that principle to practice. In certain pieces of machinery, such as the threshing machine, it is customary to draw it without the necessary frame-work; and, in such engines, that is, doubtless, the preferable way: but in such an implement as the reaping machine, the frame constitutes no inconsiderable part, and, without it, the drawing would be both ludicrous and unintelligible. Therefore, although the numerous beams in the frame unavoidably create a considerable confusion in the drawing, and conceal, almost or entirely, from the view of the reader, some of the important parts of the machine, I consider it the better way to insert them, making the concealed parts as intelligible as possible by minute description. Without further preamble, I would observe, that it is of no particular consequence of what form the frame may be made it may either be similar to that in the plate, or of any other form the proprietor or maker may conceive best adapted for fixing the several parts together, and which, from its symmetry, may be best calculated to please the eye of an agriculturist. One thing, however, must never be lost sight of, in whatever form it may be made,—that every part must be firmly united, and the beams placed in such a manner as shall resist the greatest strain, with the least possible quantity of material. The form in the drawing (figs. 55, 56.) is the original design; but, this season, the machines constructed under my inspection are considerably different in the construction of their frames. They have a straight beam fixed to the lower rail, upon which the cutters are screwed, passing with an angle above the main axle of the machine, and terminating at the upper corner, where the last of the three rails on the top of the machine is fixed. This form of frame requires considerably less weight of wood, but it is, perhaps, objectionable in two respects: the machines are too light behind, and they require a larger quantity of iron mounting. This alteration in the form of the frame, in the eyes of some, gives the machine a neater appearance, and it is, upon the whole, a little lighter. The frame-work (AA) being thus explained, B B and C care four wheels upon which it is mounted, of whatever form it is made; BB have their spokes at right angles to their naves, and are 34 ft. diameter. For neatness' sake the naves are made of cast iron; the wheels are from 5 to 6 in. broad at the rims, and are surrounded with a slight hoop of iron. Were they made narrower in the rims, when the ground was soft they would both cut it and drag, without giving motion to the connected parts of the machinery. The small wheels c c, which support the front of the frame, are