cultivator to procure annually a great supply of long and strong wood, sufficiently large to make basket rods, and from these he expects his crop." Mr. Newington ought to be aware that there is no gardener who does not know that the system is erroneous and unnatural; and he also knows that this statement of his is ungenerous and untrue. What! with the directions of a Miller, a Smyth, a Nicol, a Knight, a Hayward, a Macphail, a Harrison, with the numerous publications in our day? Indeed, if he is right, you, Sir, must have had many numskull readers, or else you would have told them better before this. What will the braw lads of Scotia say, when they are told that a brother has discovered, in the year 1829, that they all prune their trees in order to produce, and expect their crop of peaches from basket rods? I think they will tell him that for at least 100 years a very different method has been pursued. His observations on the peach trees in Malta and America cannot apply to the British gardeners' practice in their culture in the open air of Britain. Standard trees in hot-houses and trees in pots are those only that will bear any resemblance to the trees he has mentioned; so that here" the British gardeners' practice" will not be so soon contemned as he imagines. Mr. Newington considers Mr. Harrison's a "bad system of pruning," but the frequent production of good crops of fineflavoured fruit, with the healthful vigorous state of the trees at Wortley, has been so well attested, that Mr. Harrison's method is considered of great excellence. Mr. Newington's method of " shortening back to a few eyes a considerable number of young spray" (or summer shoots) in summer, would be ruinous to peach trees; for if the trees are well established, it takes a whole summer to swell off and ripen their shoots in the open air of Britain. The "long and strong' shoots Mr. Newington speaks of, are the only ones that will bear his mode of treatment; but as the peach tree bears transplanting so well, a few careful transplantings will reduce them to a regular degree of growth. I presume that he has not seen all the newly invented materials for the protection of fruit tree blossoms, or else he would not give preference to old fishing-nets. Mr. Newington is quite right in disapproving of the bad method of cropping fruit tree borders with "gross vegetables;" but he is equally wrong in recommending mignonette, or any thing else that makes a compact surface to the border. There should be at all times a circulation of air on every part of the border, which should never be cropped within one yard of the wall. If Mr. Newington's trees are planted in the kitchen-garden, and the borders managed and cropped as under, other things being the same, the trees will remain healthful and vigorous a long time. In November, when the leaves are all fallen, unnail the trees, leaving nails sufficient to hold the shoots fast to the wall. Stretch a line lengthways 1 yard from the wall, and with a fork throw the soil up carefully into a ridge, and so proceed till all is done, which, if the border is 12 ft. broad, makes four ridges. Having saved in a dry place a quantity of the droppings of pigeons, hens, &c., proceed to throw it on with the hand, on the surface of the border. This, by being applied annually (the border being well drained, and on a good subsoil), will keep the soil in good heart without any other manure. In February level down the ridge next the wall, and place a trellis 18 in. wide, formed of rough spars 3 in. wide, nailed on cross pieces of wood; the inner edge of the trellis 18 in. from the wall, which will keep all plants sown on the border 1 yard from the wall. It has been a common practice to prick out in autumn, at the foot of the wall, lettuce, cauliflower, &c., but these can be better protected under hand-glasses, which are mostly standing idle at this season of the year; neither is this a good place for them to be matured in spring, as the soil becomes so soddened during winter as to prevent the roots penetrating for sufficient food. Cast-iron trellises have a neat appearance, but any rough wood will answer. The proprietor of the garden can walk and examine his fruit at all times, and the gardener can do the necessary work; and as the soil is loose under, it receives moisture with more certainty. At a proper time the border may be levelled, and the following vegetables sown in drills, keeping the soil frequently stirred between the rows, viz. onions, garlic, shallots, radish, lettuces, endives, rampion, spinach, &c. These vegetables must be all removed by the first of November. The greatest evils gardeners have to contend with, are the first three enemies Mr. Newington has mentioned. If he can remove these, he will confer a lasting benefit on gardeners. I remain, Sir, &c.— James Housman, Gardener. Toft, near Knutsford, Cheshire, Feb. 12. 1830.

Defect in the Ripening of Grapes.- Sir, Your correspondent, Mr. Archibald, has described a defect that took place in his vineries, some years ago, when the grapes were approaching a state of maturity; and Mr. Judd has also given the subject his consideration. It is of the utmost importance to the grape-grower to ascertain the real cause of this very prevailing disease, that he may guard against every circumstance having the least tendency towards so fatal a result.

Mr. Archibald attributes its origin to a deficiency of fibres; Mr. Judd to an over-moist atmosphere, and the palliative he recommends is, a more early and regular admission of air, previously to the atmosphere of the interior of the house being too much heated; or, as he considers, before the cuticle of the berries is scalded. But I think Mr. Robert Fletcher's system of cultivation gives this opinion the negative as he is by no means particular in the admission of air (Vol. I. 254.), and the superior grapes he produces are convincing proofs that nothing is radically bad in his practice. There may be more than a plausible pretext for the doctrine of Mr. Judd. The opinion of so distinguished a cultivator deserves its merited portion of attention and respect; yet, with all deference to that gentleman, I cannot admit the justness of his reasoning. My own opinion, grounded on experience, coincides with Mr. Archibald's view of the subject, considering the fundamental defect to lie in the radicule. When the efficient members are diseased, it is a natural consequence for the subordinate parts to suffer; and every possible precaution ought to be used in guarding against circumstances which may have the least possible tendency in producing a disorder in that part by which the vegetable world is nourished and supported, viz. the root. But here I cannot exonerate my practical brethren from blame; for they have long pursued a system which, certainly, is now partially, but ought to be universally, abjured and repudiated by every gardener alive to the improvements in his profession: that is, the cropping of borders, particularly that of the 'vine, with vegetables, thereby depriving the roots of the primary occupant of the due action and influence of the sun's rays. From its advantages over the other parts of the garden in accelerating esculent productions, every advantage is taken of the vine border, never calculating the injurious effects such a system is sure to produce: but to the observing cultivator and scientific physiologist, this practice will at once appear fraught with the most dangerous consequences to the vinous production from the border. In my humble opinion it frequently is the anterior cause from which originate many defects in the vinery. But one fact is worth a volume of theoretical speculations, and I am furnished with one in point. A friend of mine, who has the management of extensive gardens, for several years suffered less or more in his crops of grapes in the same manner as described by Messrs. Judd and Archibald. I happened to visit him in the beginning of June 1816, when his grapes had suffered to a very great extent. On

examination I found the borders completely covered with a heterogeneous mass of vegetables, which, at my suggestion, were immediately cleared away, and the border pointed over. Since then the vine border has been held perfectly sacred, and in 1827 very few of the grapes suffered; and, from a letter received from my friend a few days ago, I understand that, during the summer and autumn of 1828, the grapes have invariably remained perfectly sound, the last being cut on the 18th ultimo (December); and I venture to assert, grapes have a greater tendency to shrivel in such a season as last, owing to the humidity of the atmosphere, than generally occurs in such summers as those of 1825 and 1826. This circumstance corroborates my opinion, that the defect originates from the incapacity of the absorbent orifices of the fibrilla to imbibe the nutritive juices requisite for the well-being of the vegetable dependent on this source for life and vigour. As there is naturally a deficiency in the solar influence during such a humid season, so, consequently, the soil becomes sour and unpalatable to the roots that depend on it for their vivifying aliment. When these natural defects are artificially extended, which is the case from cropping the border with a dense mass of vegetables, a corresponding share of disease may naturally be expected. But, independently of the effect in depriving the border of the influence of the sun's rays, there is another consideration which ought to operate as a serious objection to the cropping system, the injury the border suffers from the impoverishing nature of the crops generally cultivated. Yet, so tenacious are the generality of gardeners of this absurd practice, that for a partial and evanescent benefit they sacrifice the principal object, and thus, con amore for their favourite system, they keep on from year to year; the results are bad crops, or good crops spoiled. - Alexander Gordon. Apsley Castle, Jan. 16. 1829.

Verbena Melindres Bot. Reg., chamædrifòlia Sweet.-Sir, Observing in the Gardener's Magazine, Vol. V. p. 106., a communication to you from Mr. Perry, gardener at Bignor Park, Sussex, in which he appears to be very anxious to communicate to the public, as extensively as possible, by whom the l'erbèna Melindres was introduced into this country, and by whom the first plant was raised; also, as to how it came into my possession, and the subsequent manner in which I took the liberty of disposing of a specimen of it when it bloomed at Petworth, and from which circumstance (though unintentional on my part) it was afterwards figured in the Botanical Register; in order to forward Mr. Perry's object, and to correct some errors in his communication, as well as to afford him some degree of satisfaction, by proving to him that I have been more grateful for the favour of having the Verbena Melindres presented to me, than is imputed to me in his statement sent you, I beg the favour of you, Sir, to allow me the privilege of endeavouring to prove as extensively "as Mr. Perry has circulated my want of grati. tude," that I have, in the way desired by him, evidenced my sense of regard for his kindness. Early in March 1828, Mr. Perry called at Petworth Gardens, and, whilst I was in the act of ridging out some cucumber and melon plants in frames, he came up to me and very obligingly said he had brought me two cuttings of seedling verbenas, stating that he had raised them from seeds sent by a gentleman from Buenos Ayres, in 1826. It was in this way the Verbèna Melindres came into my possession, and at no other time did I ever receive from Mr. Perry either a cutting or a plant of it. On my going up to the horticultural fête in June following, I took a specimen of it in bloom to show to some of my friends, and having the favour granted of exhibiting it to some members of the Council of the Horticultural Society, they very much admired it, and as it was presented to them they had an undoubted right to dispose of it as they pleased, without asking either myself or any other person for leave to do so; this circumstance led to its introduction into the Botanical Register. Shortly afterwards application was made to my father from the Horticul tural Society, for information relative to his knowledge of the history of the l'erbèna, and how it was received into Petworth Gardens: the substance of his reply was, that it came into his pos session the preceding spring, by a cutting presented by Mr. Perry, gardener to John Hawkins, Esq., Bignor Park, Sussex, and that Mr. Perry had told me he had been successful in raising it from seeds sent from Buenos Ayres in 1826. If Mr. Perry had been as candid as he considers I ought to have been in stating from whom I had the plant, he probably would have taken a much readier method, and one far more to his credit, of obtaining information that I had done so, and he then might have omitted in his communication the assertion, that I (not any other person) had not stated from whom I received it.

During the summer of 1828, Mr. Perry, accompanied by two other gardeners, called at Petworth Gardens, and (it may be as he states) he named his intention of getting it figured; but if it was mentioned in the course of conversation in going round the gardens I do not recollect it; but admitting I had heard it so stated, I cannot see any necessity I was under to inform Mr. Perry what I had done with what I had given to others. The cutting was not given to me with any stipulated conditions, but unconditionally; I therefore considered I was entirely at liberty to avail myself of the privilege Mr. Perry considers I had a right to. If Mr. Perry chooses to dictate about others, I beg to be excepted in future, and thus be saved the trouble of writing to, and presuming upon the kindness of, my friends, as I fear I am now doing in transmitting this to you. I am, Sir, &c. George Harrison, Petworth Gardens, Feb. 26. 1829.

Penstemon glauca and speciosa should be written P. glaucum and speciòsum, as in Lindley's Botanical Register. Graham, I perceive, makes it masculine. - George Penny. Epsom, Feb. 12. 1830.

Celery. Celery, Salisbury says, in his Botanist's Companion (vol. ii. p. 102.), "should be used with great caution, if grown in wet land, as it has been considered poisonous in such cases. Does not this deserve the consideration of those who recommend in its culture an imitation of its native ditches?-E. H. of Stafford. Dec. 10. 1829.

ART. IV. Queries and Answers.

NAMES of Secretaries of Provincial Horticultural Societies. - Sir, I beg, through the medium of the Gardener's Magazine, to suggest the usefulness of the secretaries of provincial horticultural societies sending their names and addresses for insertion in that publication. My object in throwing out this hint is to facilitate communications with each other. I should have found a great advantage in it at this time, being desirous of ascertaining the mode of ap pointing and remunerating judges at the various shows of any repute or extent in the kingdom; but, on referring to the accounts of such shows in the Gardener's Magazine (which our society

has taken in from its commencement), I cannot ascertain who are the official persons to apply to. Perhaps this hint (if you think it worth insertion, will induce the secretaries of provincial societies to send their names and addresses. I am, Sir, &c.-W. G. Ashton, Honorary Secretary of the Cambridgeshire Horticultural Society. Bridge Street, Cambridge, Dec. 11. 1829.

If all the secretaries of British horticultural societies will send us their names and addresses, on or before the 1st of May next, we will publish them in an alphabetical list in our June Number. -Cond.

Provincial Horticultural Societies. - Is the Editor of the Gardener's Magazine in possession of any copies of the rules of provincial horticultural societies? if so, has he a sufficient number to collate, and from the collation can he not show, better than by a letter from W., an original subscriber, the fundamental principles on which those institutions are in general founded? Or, if W, sends his opinions, can the majority of rules be tried by them, without such a previous collation. W. is convinced that much money is squandered by the societies in prizes, not given solely to skill and merit, because not regulated by fair competition among individuals in circumstances strictly similar, or for objects of sufficient importance in a national view. — W. Feb. 11. 18.

We entirely agree with our correspondent, that much money is squandered by horticultural societies, of which the recent disclosures at the London Horticultural Society afford proof sufficient; but we have neither leisure nor inclination to enter on the subject of their reform farther than in a general way. - Cond.

A Chimney-sweeping Apparatus. — It is common about London to bring down, or drive out by the chimney-pot, the soot of the chimneys of furnaces and boilers, by discharging a gun in them. Might not chimneys in general have the soot driven out at the top by discharging condensed air in them below? If a proper condensing machine were procured, the soot of the throat of the chimney swept down by hand regularly once a week, and afterwards the conductor from the condensing machine introduced, might not the remainder of the soot be blown out by the chimney-pot? If not blown out, it would be loosened and fall down; and, if one operation were not sufficient, two or three might be used. Possibly some sort of puff or brush might be blown through. C. May 1829.

Heating by Hot Water. I observe, in Vol. V. p. 544. of the Gardener's Magazine, an improvement in the mode of heating houses by hot water, made by Mr. Weekes, which appears perfect, if the steam or vapour from the hot water in the tube or broad plate can be confined. Whilst reading this, it occurred to me that you, or perhaps your ingenious correspondent, Mr. Bierly of Swansea, might be able to inform me how heat may be effectually cut off in the hot-water system, where one boiler serves for two houses. The valve I have made use of in my reservoir for that purpose was lined with leather, which soon was found faulty, and lead was substituted but does not answer the purpose. I have a similar valve in my boiler, to stop the circulation at pleasure. I put up my apparatus under the directions given in your Magazine, with the assistance of a common bricklayer, and a very clumsy hand from the foundery where I ordered my castings; this man could not secure the joints of the cylinders, which here and there still leak, though he has made two attempts to stop them. About twelve months ago, I noticed, in your Magazine, an account of a patent taken out by some person at St. Albans, for heating walls; I also noticed it amongst the lists of patents to be taken out in the Journal of the Arts and Sciences, but hitherto no specification has, I think, appeared. Is it your opinion that hot water could be intended by the individual in question? and do not you think that I could, by lateral pipes from my boiler, heat a wall of 20 or 30 ft. in length, constructed for the purpose? [Doubtless.] My vinery is only 42 ft. in length, with a glass division, the cylinders 44 in. diameter, and the boiler and reservoir capable of containg 18 or 20 gals. I have no doubt in my mind that it might be accomplished, but an effectual valve or stop-cock is necessary, and I should esteem it a favour it you could give me any assistance in accomplishing this object. I am, Sir, &c.—William G. Walmesley. The Plats, near Wigan, Oct. 26. 1829. Apply to Mr. Cottam. — Cond.

Water Rats.

Sir, If any of your correspondents would point out a good mode of destroying water rats on pond heads, it will much oblige a subscriber to your Magazine if you will insert it in the next Number. A. B. April 25. 1829.

Sayings as to Bees.- Is the following current in any other county than Norfolk ?

A flight in May is worth a load of hay.
A flight in June is worth a silver spoon.

A flight in July is not worth a fly.

-Samuel Tyssen. Narborough Hall, near Swaffham, Norfolk, Feb. 1. 1829.

The Wood-louse devouring Nectarines. — I had this season a fine young red Roman nectarine, upon which an excellent crop of fruit set. Just as they were beginning to soften, they were attacked by numbers of a kind of insects which are known in Scotland by the name of slaters (the woodlouse, or Oniscus). These insects almost invariably attacked the fruit near its stalk, and devoured a great portion of its pulp, which shortly after shrivelled, and dropped off without coming to maturity. By this means I lost almost the whole crop of beautiful fruit. Although I hung up bean stalks, I could not entrap any of the insects, which always retreated to the crevices of the wall on being disturbed. I shall feel much indebted to any of your correspondents who will point out a method of preventing such damage occurring in future. John Ferme. Haddington, Dec. 16. 1829.

The Caterpillar on the Oak Coppice. (Vol. V. p.610.)—Sir, I should think it must be the caterpillar of the Phala na viridana (see Albert's Hist. Inst., pl. 72. under fig.), that made such havoc on the leaves of the oak coppice, as related by Mr. Owen (p. 610.); and the moth, Mr. Owen saw, the insect in its perfect state. Whether fumigation in severe frosty weather, in the depth of winter (taking care that the fire is extinguished before night), under the trees, or in the early part of the spring, would destroy the eggs or not, I leave to the consideration of those much better qualified to inform the enquiring mind, and thus advance the progressive state of knowledge from minute objects to those of greater importance and benefit to mankind. — Thos. Hawkins. The Haw, near Gloucester, Oct. 21. 1829.

Caterpillars.

What will destroy those common ones which infest gooseberry and currant bushes? I have tried very strong lime water, lime, and tobacco water, soot, soapsuds, sulphur, and ammoniacal liquor, but all failed. J. M. Brighton, Nov. 1829.

There must be some mistake as to the strong lime water; for we can affirm, from almost daily

experience, that strong lime water will kill every kind of caterpillar, and even worms, snails, lizards, frogs, toads, snakes, and fishes.- Cond.

Caterpillars on the Constantinople Nut. - Sir, I shall feel greatly obliged if you or any of your correspondents will give me a little information, through the medium of your Magazine, respecting a peculiar sort of caterpillar, which has this season attacked with great severity, at this place, the Constantinople nut trees (Corylus Colúrna), and divested them of nearly all their leaves. The colour of the insects, when full grown, is of a light transparent green, intermixed with golden yellow, black heads, and rows of black spots up and down their bodies. They grow to a much larger size than those which infest the gooseberry and currant bushes, and are first observed by eggs stuck fast to the veins on the back of the leaves. After gaining animation, they fasten themselves on the edges of the leaves, with their extremities curled upwards, and in a short time reduce them to skeletons. We have several sorts of nuts here, and not one has been attacked except the above-mentioned sort.-J. Smith. Cantley Hall, near Doncaster, Oct. 20. 1829.

An Insect infesting the Plum and Cherry.—In the garden of Sir Charles Taylor, Bart., of Hollycombe, Sussex, near Liphook, Hants, some trees on the wall, of pear, plum, and cherry, have for about six years past been infested with an insect unknown to all my gardening friends, nor have they elsewhere seen it. The perfect insect I have never been able to discover, although almost daily, during the months of July, August, and September, looking after the larva in order to destroy it, unless the insect herewith sent, caught yesterday on a pear tree, lately infested with caterpillar, is it. A specimen of the larva I also take the liberty of sending to you with a few of the leaves on which they have fed. An attempt I made some time ago to confine the caterpillar, supplying it with leaves, in order to observe the change to the perfect insect, proved unsuccessful, the caterpillar dying on the leaves. I could never find the insect in the pupa state, nor could I ever discern an egg; for its first appearance to me was a small black point, with a tail, apparently a perfect caterpillar, generally solitary. On closely examining the under side of some pear tree leaves that had been partly eaten by the caterpillar, I this morning found a dry cover, which I take for the skin of the pupa or chrysalis; such as it is I also send. I am unable to discover the insect in your Encyclopedia of Gardening. I am a subscriber to, and an admirer of, the Gardener's Magazine, and a reader of the Magazine of Natural History, and a notice in either of the last two works of the accompanying insect, if worthy of a place, would confer an obligation on, Sir, &c. — John Thom. Hollycombe, near Liphook, Hants, Nov. 1. 1829.

Sir, I have examined your insect, and believe it to be Cryptus instigator of Fab. Syst. Piezat., p. 85. No. 61., or a variety of it, with the posterior tarsi darker than usual. This insect is not the enemy of the fruit trees, but the parasitical destroyer of their enemy. One only of its larvæ would live in one large lepidopterous larva, which last probably was the devourer of the leaves of the trees in question; and the way to find this destroyer of leaves would be to seek it at midnight, when feeding, by candle light; or by day, lurking either under leaves, stems, or, more likely, under hiding matter on the ground near the wall, or stumps of the trees. I remain, &c. — A. H. Haworth. Chelsea, Nov. 7. 1829.

The technical Name of a Cape Plant. Sir, Can you or any of your correspondents inform me of the botanical name of a plant, the following meagre notice of which I find in Grant's History of the Mauritius, p. 51. :-"A reed that does not exceed the size of a large hair, and bears a bunch of white and blue flowers, which, at some distance, appear to be floating in the air; it comes from the Cape."-Philagros. Jan. 31. 1830.

Collection of American Plants.

Where could I purchase the cheapest and most complete collection of American plants. An answer to this will much oblige your constant reader. L. L. Ireland, Jan. 1830.

Try the Woking nurserymen, and particularly Mr. Waterer, who has the best collection of azaleas in the country; many of the kinds are of unrivalled beauty, and having been raised by himself from seed, are not yet given out to the trade - Cond.

Gram is said to be much used for feeding poultry, horses, and cattle in India; it is a sort of pea, but I should be glad to know its scientific name, and whether it is cultivated in this country. G. Jan. 29. 1830.

Marshal Tallard's Garden.

Sir, In reply to a correspondent in a late Number of your Magazine, who makes enquiries respecting the celebrated garden of Marshal Tallard at Nottingham, which was in its time considered as the model of French taste in gardening, I beg to inform you that I have met with a description of it in a book, which I presume to be rather an uncommon one, as it is not included in the catalogue of English works in the Encyclopædia of Gardening. The following is a copy of the titlepage:

"The Retired Gardener. In 2 volumes. Vol. I., being a translation of Le Jardinier Solitaire, or Dialogues between a Gentleman and a Gardener, containing the methods of making, ordering, and improving a fruit and kitchen garden, with many new experiments, from the second edition, printed at Paris. Vol. 2., containing the manner of planting and cultivating all sorts of flowers, plants, shrubs, and undershrubs, necessary for the adorning of gardens; in which is explained the art of making and disposing of parterres, arbours of greens, woodworks, arches, columns, and other pieces and compartments usually found in the most beautiful gardens of country seats. The whole enriched with a variety of figures, being a translation from the Sieur Louis Liger. To this volume is added a description and plan of Count Tallard's garden at Nottingham. The whole revised, with several alterations and additions, which render it proper for our English culture. By George London and Henry Wise. London. Printed for Jacob Tonson, within Gray's Inn Gate, next Gray's Inn Lane. 1706,"

Messrs. London and Wise, in the preface to this work, state that the two French works were Le Jardinier Solitaire, the author whereof had concealed his name, and Le Jardinier Fleuriste et Historiographe, written by the Sieur Liger of Auxerre; that Mr. Tonson got them translated, and that they revised and corrected whatever they found directly contrary to the practice in England.

The original treatises are both particularised in the list of French works on gardening in the Encyclopædia, where the former is attributed to Francois, one of the brothers of the Chartreuse

at Paris.

At the end of the 2d volume of the Retired Gardener are a plan and explanation of M. Tallard's garden in Nottingham (fig. 42.), of which the following is a copy :

"I, The plan of the house.

m, The little court at the south entrance.

, The little yard to come out of the house into the terrace.

o, The terrace and border next the house and yard.

P, The steps, verge, slope, and footing of grass.

4. The parterre, consisting of one oblong quarter of grasswork, which we call a fund of grass, upon which many varieties of works are cut out, as angles of several forms, squares, circles, semicircles, ovals, and branch-works; all which composed together, the French call Gazon coupé, and we cutworks in grass. These cutworks are covered with varieties of colours: for example,-a is covered with red sand or brick dust; b with the slug of pit coal fine beaten; c with a yellow sand; d with spar that comes from the lead mines, or cockle shell, beaten very fine; f are verges of grass; g, grass at the corners; h, the grasswork of the quarters; k, the gravel walks, which are covered with the finest gravel that can be got, and of various colours; some are bright, some a yellowish brown, some greyish, &c., as the country affords. At the several centres are pots and plants.

r, A slope up from the parterre.

s, A gravel walk, with a verge of grass and flower pots.

The second slope up to the second level.

u, A flatwork of grass, with a border on the south side, upon which are pyramid plants and pots; the borders are adorned with plants and flowers. On the same level is a border and hedge, which is the boundary of the second parterre.

w, Four quarters, with verges of grass, borders for pyramids and flowers, verges of grass within, and white lines of spar; then the four grass quarters, gravel walks, and an oval centre of a grass verge and border.

The third parterre, which lies under the other levels, and consists of cutwork in grass, of pots, and standard evergreens at the centres, a fountain in the middle, gravel walks round the quarters, with two borders at the side for flowers.

2, The upper terrace being a grass walk with a border of pyramids and flowers on the east side, and a border of flowers next the west side.

y, The banqueting-house.

1, The way into the cellar under the banqueting-house."

Marshal Tallard was taken prisoner by the Duke of Marlborough, at the battle of Blenheim, in 1704, and remained a prisoner on his parol, with liberty ten miles round Nottingham, several VOL. VI.-No. 25.