TABLE 48.-Number and production of bituminous-coal mines (including wagon mines) in 1922, by classes

3, 297,000 71, 674

18.0
190,000 63, 333

17.1
1, 960, 000 70,000 19.6

61, 000 61, 000 100.0
5,082, 000 73, 652 8.7
3, 140,000 73, 023 16.4
1, 371, 000 68, 550

31. 7
1, 157, 000 68, 059 39.1
9, 575, 000 75, 992 22. 7
370, 000 61, 667

30.3
458,000 76, 333

49.3
1,028, 000 68, 533

35.1
454, 000 75, 667 17.6
387, 000 64, 500

12.3
57, 000 57, 000

72. 2
327, 000 65, 400

24. 6
6,389, 000 75, 164 23. 7

924, 000 66,000 33.0
20, 289, 000 69, 483

17. 9
1,016,000 72,571 20.8

123, 000 61, 500 11.1
280,000 70,000 5. 6
766, 000

63, 833 7.3 269, 000 47, 250 10.4 17, 031, 000 70, 376 21, 2

1, 286, 000 75, 647 21.6 77, 287,000 71, 298 18.3

TABLE 48.-Number and production of bituminous-coal mines (including wagon mines) in 1922, by classes—Continued

18, 325, 000

106, 000
1, 110,000
10, 020, 000

61,000
58, 467, 000
19, 133, 000
4,335, 000
2, 955, 000
42, 134, 000
1, 223, 000

929, 000
2,925, 000
2, 572, 000
3, 147,000

79, 000
1, 328, 000
26, 954, 000

2, 802, 000
113, 148, 000

8,000
4, 877, 000
1, 106, 000
4,992, 000
10, 491, 000
2, 581, 000
80, 488,000
5, 972, 000

48, 997
6,625
8,538
38, 538
61,000
76, 427
38, 343
20, 942
10, 904
19, 161
10, 365
71, 462
13, 176
38, 970
55, 211
39, 500
92, 867
17, 922
16, 580
25, 455

500
19, 988
28, 359
116, 093
43, 713
63, 771
40, 630
76, 564

1, 504

70
30

4
63
12
618

5

28. 7
77. 0

9. 3
26. 3
25. O
31. 2
6. 4

1, 786, 000

829, 000

121, 000
1, 580,000

308,000
16,042, 000

171, 000

25, 514
27, 633
30, 250
25, 079
25, 667
25, 942
34, 200

78. 3
70.8
55. 6
63. 1
100.0
60. 7
15, 4
37. 2
55. 4
41. 6
44.5
35. 9

270,000
2, 255, 000

215, 000
6, 810, 000

8,000
419, 000

33, 000
29, 000
281, 000

81,000
2, 636, 000

58,000

2,411
2, 117
2, 287
2, 424

500
2,831
5,500
1, 813
2, 113
4,050
2, 995
2, 071

20.4
8.3
7. 7

6.0
100.0

8. 6
3. O

.6
2. 7
3.1
3.3
.9

169
4, 445

16
244
39
43
240
48

1,981

78

3, 139

22. 1

77, 203, 000

24, 595

18.3 8,663

61. 3

18, 707,000

2, 159

14, 150

422, 208,000

29, 842

TABLE 49.-Number and production of bituminous coal mines (including wagon mines) in 1923, by classes

15. 5

2.7
12. 3
33. 3
10. 2
11. 2
11.5

134 21.4
48 11.9
4 2.4

59, 354, 052 15, 531, 713 1, 268, 408

442, 941 | 74.8
323, 577 59. 2
317, 102 22. 2

5.9

36

2.9

11, 562, 395

321, 178

25. 8

Alabama.
Arkansas
Colorado..
Georgia.
Illinois
Indiana.
Iows
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland.
Michigan.
Missouri.
Montana
New Mexico.
North Dakota.
Ohio..
Oklahoma.
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Texas
Utah.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia.
Wyoming.

2

13. 1
8. 4
6.7
2.1
8.7
2.0
21.4
1. 7
4.8
21.5

.6
6.8

82
34
11

8
110

3
3
4
3
14

1
84
3

14. 3

.4
6.5
3. 1

.7
4.7

.6
6.8
1.3

478, 049

308, 332 2,014, 523

606, 105

226, 491 16, 473, 083

243, 764 92, 725, 666

790, 556

4
2
1
58

1
247

3

239, 025 40.8
308, 332 9.1
503, 630

64. 0
303, 053: 20.8
226, 491 16. 3
284, 018 40.6
243, 764

8. 4
375, 407

53. 9
263, 516 13. 1

12, 090, 380 147, 444 15. 2
4,836, 532 142, 251 18.4
1,500, 835 136, 440 26. 3
1, 151, 141 143, 893 25.9
15, 116, 475 137, 423 33. 8

377, 399 125, 800 16.5
355, 619 118, 540 3063
493, 773 123, 444 14.5

407, 551 135, 850 13. O
1, 701, 203 121, 516 58. 3

113, 378 113, 378 8. 2
11, 802, 563 140, 507 29. 1

493, 318 164, 439 17.1
32, 933, 317 140, 741 19. 2
1, 456, 666 132, 424

24. 1
1, 283, 160 160, 395 27.2
1, 820, 146 151, 678 16.5
1, 207, 517 150, 94041.3
30, 647, 525 137, 433 28.4
3,079, 906 146, 662 40.7

18
5
3
3
76

9
287

3, 277, 177

277, 186
2, 175, 250

72, 270
4, 782, 678
3, 451, 305
1, 405, 515
1,738, 097
9, 656, 262

849, 358

167, 536 1, 222, 578

382, 093 224, 054

209, 644 5, 426, 571

678, 493 20, 669, 474 1, 719, 587

465, 463

492, 000
1, 419, 589

257, 827
22, 626, 776

795, 294

10.5

8.2
14. 3
• 7.9

81
4.6
21
6. 2
5. 4
7.9
10.4
20.5
16.8
10. 2

7.1
17.7
17.9

66,881
69, 297
70, 169
72, 270
74, 729
76, 696
73, 974
75, 569
73, 154
70, 780
83, 768
67, 921
76, 419
74,685
69, 881
71, 402
75, 388
71, 671
71, 649
61, 718
82, 000
70, 979
64, 457
71, 153
66, 275

16.0
21. 4
21.1
95.6

6.1
13. 1
24. 6
39. 1
21.6
37.1
14. 3
35. 9
12.1

7.7
15. 1
13.4
23.5
12.0
28. 5
39. 2
10.4
12.1

8.8
21.0
10.5

1.8

234

6.4
4.7

11

24

10 | 26. 3 19

9.7

7.0
122

6.8
13

19.4

2, 866, 410
7, 022, 544
1,071, 075
37, 183, 184
3,556, 360

286, 641

60.7
369, 608 59. 7
267, 769 36. 6
304, 780 34. 5
273, 566 46.9

8
12

8
223
21

21.1

6. 2
14.0
12.4
31.3

9
6
20

4
318
12

748

6.4

265, 869, 138

355, 440 47. 1

935

&0

130, 804, 248

139, 898 23. 2 1, 176

10.0

84, 342, 077

14.9

Table 49.—Number and production of bituminous coal mines (including wagon mines) in 1923, by classes—Continued

315 20, 457, 649 64, 945
17

139, 892 8, 229
146 1, 296, 892 8,883
253 10, 346, 218 40, 894
3

75, 620 25, 207
625 79, 310, 075 126, 896
404 26, 229, 099 64, 924
165 5, 710, 735 34, 610

390 4, 443, 149 11, 393
1, 256 44,777, 317 35, 651
146 2, 285, 926 15, 657

14 1, 172, 075 83, 720
229 3, 403, 151 14, 861
62 3, 147, 678 50, 769
65 2, 915, 173 44, 849

2 36,019 18, 010
144 1, 385, 400 9,621
1, 233 40, 546, 443 32, 884

163 2,885, 038 17, 699
3,637 171, 879, 913 47, 259
15
10, 379

692
232 6,040, 268 26, 036
44 1, 187, 329 26, 985
38 4, 720, 217 124, 216
195 11, 761, 643 60, 316

57 2,926, 392 51, 340
1, 798

107, 899, 941 60, 011
67 7,575, 031 113, 060
11, 715 664,564, 662 48, 192

Responses from all the coal-originating railroads enabled the Geological Survey to identify 2,384 wagon mines that shipped coal in railroad cars in 1923. The total production of these mines was 1,141,431 tons, and the value of this output is estimated from the spot prices prevailing during the year at $3,644,000. By States, the figures are given in the following table. As in 1922, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Kentucky led in number of the small operations. The total number was less than half of that in 1922.18

No attempt was made to ascertain the output of country coal banks having no access to a railroad, because it had been found from previous efforts that although the number of such banks runs into the thousands, they contribute less than a million tons to the yearly supply of coal. TABLE 50.--Number and production of wagon mines shipping bituminous coal

by rail in 1923

LOCATION OF SMALL MINES The location of the small mines from which the Geological Survey has succeeded in obtaining reports is shown by counties in Table 51. The table is based upon the returns for 1918 and 1920, years of high prices and maximum activity among the small producers. The study would not be worth repeating each year, but because of the lack of information that has hitherto prevented intelligent discussion of the subject, it is deemed worth while to show for a typical period the enormous numbers of small operations concentrated in certain of the coal fields. The burden laid upon the railroads by the necessity of furnishing transportation at so many scattered points of origin was a factor in the transportation disability of 1917–1920 and 1922, the importance of which has not been fully realized.

The table is far from complete, because it shows only those operations from which the Survey obtained reports. There were undoubtedly a great many others. The mines reporting in 1918 and 1920 were grouped by counties, and the figure used is the larger of those for the two years. The result is believed to be as nearly a complete count of the number of the small operations as will ever be made for the country as a whole.

The table reveals the concentration of the little mines in the hilly country of the Appalachians, where coal beds crop out along almost every railroad. In the Mississippi Valley, on the other hand, the

" See U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1922, pt. 2, p. 535, 1924.