Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, Virginia, and Washington;

, the State mine inspectors of Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, North Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia; the Pennsylvania State Department of Mines; the Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio; and the United States Bureau of Mines have cooperated in the collection of reports.

The compilation of the annual statistics of bituminous coal, the principal task underlying this report, was conducted by Miss L. Mann, of the United States Geological Survey, with the assistance of Miss J. M. Corse. The statistics of anthracite were compiled by Mrs. H. L. Bennit. The weekly and monthly estimates of production are prepared by Miss R. M. McKinney, under the supervision of W. F. McKenney. The canvass of wagon mines in 1923 and the tables of shipments by originating carriers were handled by Mrs. E. E. Finn under the supervision of Mr. McKenney: The tables of exports and imports were compiled by J. A. Dorsey from the records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. F. G. Tryon was in charge of the work and in collaboration with L. Mann wrote the text of this report,

The manuscript and proof have been critically reviewed by James E. Black, to whom the authors are deeply indebted. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF COAL MINING IN 1923

SALIENT FEATURES The salient features of the statistics of coal mining in 1923 for the United States as a whole are given in Table 1. Table 2 gives the primary data by States, with comparable figures for 1921 and 1922. Table 3 is a summary of production and consumption for the í l-year period 1913 to 1923.

TABLE 1.–Salient statistics of the coal industry in 1923
(Figures for bituminous coal represent net tons; for anthracite, gross tons)

Production...

tons.
Value at mines.
Average value per ton.
Average spot price as quoted by Coal Age.
Stocks of commercial consumers:
January 1..

tons. December 31..

do... Net change during year.

.do.. Exports...

do.. Imports.

do. Consumption (calculated)

do..
Annual capacity (308 working days)of mines with present labor force.do.
Average number of days worked.
Average days idle:

All causes.
Through strikes and lockouts

Other causes
Average number employed.

Miners, loaders, and shot firers.
Other underground.

Surface
Output per man per day.

tons.
Number of cutting machines
Quantity cut by machines.

tons.
Per cent of output cut by machines
Number of power shovels in strip pits.
Quantity produced by stripping.

tons..

Data not available. Allowing for an increase of 1,460,000 tons in the stocks of producers in 1923. • Net tons.

TABLE 2.-Summary of coal produced, value, men employed, and days worked, by States, 1921-1923

[Figures for 1921 do not include product of wagon mines)

11,834, 609

71, 999
1, 174, 584

19, 015
8, 408, 613

18, 755
64, 174, 112
19, 116, 259
3, 891, 368
3, 250, 299
30, 096, 762

1, 743, 710
1, 058, 789
3, 209, 496
2, 492, 344
2, 326, 034

20, 000

700, 950
29, 788, 393

3, 208, 381
102, 025, 340

450
4, 194, 364

947, 589
3,668, 661
6,818, 178
2, 274, 202
68, 655, 196
6,875, 284

1921
Alabama.
Alaska.
Arkansas.
California, Idaho, and Oregon.
Colorado.
Georgia
Illinois.
Indiana
Iowa...
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland.
Michigan
Missouri.
Montana.
New Mexico
North Carolina.
North Dakota.
Ohio.
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania (bituminous).
South Dakota..
Tennessee
Texas
Utah.
Virginia..
Washington
West Virginia.
Wyoming

Total bituminous.
Pennsylvania anthracite.

Grand total.

292, 807

1, 813 33, 716

6, 525 253, 718

1, 979
2,057, 169

592, 630
118, 559
104, 894
527, 257
27, 296
71, 572
99, 989
126, 076
62, 259

3, 438
28, 403
594, 243

128, 683
2,552, 372

34
123, 730
22, 559
73, 365
98, 950
88,585
808, 609
221, 887

12,568, 899

76,817
1, 227, 777

38,845
9, 122, 760

33, 815
69, 602, 763
20,319, 509
4, 531, 392
3, 466, 641
31,588, 270
1, 827, 740
1, 141, 715
3, 551, 621
2, 733, 958
2, 453, 482

23, 438

864, 903
31, 942, 776

3,362, 623
116, 013, 942

7, 553
4, 460, 326

972, 839
4,078, 784
7, 492, 378
2, 428, 722
72, 786, 996
7, 200, 666

$38, 713, 000

496, 000
5, 360, 000

181, 000
32, 377, 000

171, 000
190, 986, 000
52, 269, 000
17, 256, 800
13, 333, 300
85, 092, 600

6,602,000
5, 555, 000
13, 915, 500
8,921, 600
9, 585, 000

135, 000
2, 329, 500
84, 686, 500
15, 516, 000
322, 538, 300

21, 200
14, 932, 000

2,563, 600
13, 662, 000
22, 947, 700

9, 787,000
206, 661, 500
23, 358, 500

$3.08
6. 46
4. 37
4. 66
3. 55
2. 14
2. 74
2.57
3. 81
3. 85
2. 69
3. 61
4. 87
3. 92
3. 26
3. 91
5. 76
2. 69
2. 65
4. 62
2. 78
281
3. 35
2. 64
3. 35
3. 06
4. 03
2. 84
3. 24

15, 304

104
2, 315

35
8,456

59
60, 466
20, 472
7, 597
5, 453
28, 737
2, 964
1, 346
5, 141
2, 396
2, 735

38

566
33, 143

5, 000
119, 818

43
6,061
1,989
2, 450
5, 751
2, 241
53, 801
4,789

5, 869

79
848

48
3, 450

26
25, 043
8, 460
2,815
1, 538
12, 996

978

622
1, 830
1, 064
1, 120

7
209
11, 555

2, 425
44, 404

4, 636

218
453

58
2, 623

51
9, 922
3, 755

974
1, 216
8, 788

726

241
1, 581

718
722

15
289
7, 087
1, 429
26, 421

25, 809

401
3, 616

141
14, 529

136
95, 431
32, 687
11, 386

8, 207
50, 521
4, 668
2, 212
8, 555
4, 178
4, 577

60
1,064
51, 785

8,854
190, 643

43
10, 347
2, 892
4, 422
11, 922

4, 334
101,850

8, 484

166
244
112
149
164
183
152
128
148
137
152
120
196
166
143
150
300
194
134
141
151
129
154
139
151
166

30, 435

135, 550
1, 559, 953

25, 559
4, 315, 590

7, 069 88, 199

2, 691
74, 705
152, 729

59, 644
2,983, 061

103, 495

2, 500

609
1, 041
4,056
1, 245
30, 951
2, 231

1, 786

294

931
2, 115

848
17, 098
1, 464

. Includes also shot firers.

TABLE 2.-Summary of coal produced, value, men employed, and days worked, by States, 1921-1923—Continued

.

1922
Alabama.
Alaska..
Arkansas.
California, Idaho, and Oregon.
Colorado.
Georgia.
Illinois.
Indiana.
Iowa.
Kansas.
Kentucky
Maryland.
Michigan.
Missouri.
Montana.
New Mexico
North Carolina.
North Dakota..
Ohio.
Oklahoma.
Pennsylvania (bituminous).
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington.
West Virginia.
Wyoming

Total bituminous, including

wagon mines Pennsylvania anthracite.

Grand total

17, 376, 060

76, 111 1,066, 751

17, 011
9, 144, 680

41, 809
53,695, 042
18, 142, 677
3,653, 352
2, 797, 291
40, 554, 793
1, 165, 738

855, 917
2,620, 074
2, 395, 091
2,871, 424

68, 524
1,078, 139
24, 434, 491

2,627, 406
94, 939, 698

450
4, 546, 552
1,076, 595
4, 530, 382
9, 650, 588
2, 392, 305
70, 150, 385
5,708, 071

360, 811

1, 221
15, 112

3, 662
542, 783

535
3, 227, 015

537, 310
579, 907

96, 831
991, 145
44, 676
13, 814
228, 327
92, 413
35, 931

1, 500
211, 193
1,953, 222

28, 381
5, 130, 548

7, 302
111, 977
12, 557
61, 930
156, 354

63, 135
2,918, 643

77, 914

290, 187 297, 682

1, 943 28, 183

6, 220 232, 255 99, 879

2, 114 16, 178
1, 545, 679

452, 902
101, 902

61,048
534, 578 53, 659

12, 293
59, 659
76, 349
84, 717
57, 479 182, 339

8, 546
38, 232
566, 078

146, 724
2, 214, 591 10, 863, 471
113, 854 104, 391
16, 855
99, 282 300, 414
100, 020 584, 212

84, 700 41, 025
709, 139 710, 025
185, 739

18, 324, 740

79, 275 1, 110, 046

26, 893
10, 019, 597

60, 636
58, 467, 736
19, 132, 889
4,335, 161
2, 955, 170
42, 134, 175
1, 222, 707

929, 390
2, 924, 750
2, 572, 221
3, 147, 173

78, 570
1,327, 564
26, 953, 791

2, 802, 511
113, 148, 308

7, 752
4,876, 774
1, 106, 007
4,992, 008
10, 491, 174

2,581, 165
80, 488, 192
5, 971, 724

$42, 856,000

431, 000 4, 592, 000

104, 000
31, 701, 000

246, 000
168,925, 000
54, 524, 000
16, 119,000
10, 816, 000
127, 037, 000

4, 122, 000
4,693, 000
11, 153, 000

8, 208, 500
10, 977, 000

388, 000
3, 513, 000
87, 056, 000
11, 527, 000
351, 777,000

22, 000
14,096, 000

2,563, 000
15, 687, 500
27,083, 000
10, 279, 000
236, 162, 000
18, 162, 000

383, 677, 407 17, 506,149 7, 831, 268 13, 253, 275 422, 268, 099 1,274, 820,000 46, 002, 699 2, 378, 200 6, 302, 123

54, 683, 022 273, 700,000 429, 680, 106 19, 884, 349 14, 133, 391 13, 253, 275 476,951, 121 1, 548, 520,000

1923
Alabama.
Alaska
Arkansas
California, Idaho, and Oregon.
Colorado
Georgia.
Illinois.
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland.
Michigan.
Missouri
Montana
New Mexico
North Carolina
North Dakota..
Ohio.
Oklahoma.
Pennsylvania (bituminous)
South Dakota.
Tennessee
Texas.
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming.

19,520, 634

104, 867
1, 245, 350

11, 256
9,390, 124

48, 172
73, 842, 388
24,951, 649
5,027, 502
4,092, 792
43, 149, 962

2,181, 688
1,086, 198
3,101, 275
2, 934, 829
2, 572, 465

29, 419
1, 128, 318
37, 273, 886

2, 722, 387
138, 275, 133

2,000
5, 614, 117
1, 156, 901
4, 179, 293
10, 292, 691

2, 697, 984
101, 961, 199

7, 264, 816

370, 754

12,734 12, 845

1, 555
534, 464

733
3, 606, 769

697,832
556, 180
268,082
844,094
77, 823
16, 235
211, 447
118, 060
38, 684

1, 700
218, 574
2,672, 268

37, 998
7, 359, 213

8, 379
119, 657

6, 564
56, 471
212, 131

80, 881
3, 811, 346

97,567

307, 356

2, 225 38, 697

7, 255
231, 595

2, 554
1,860, 918

579, 618
127,053

82, 275
552, 913
26, 415
69, 642
90, 429
94, 789
46, 689

4, 900
38, 508
600, 289

117,022 2, 507, 227

258, 905 20, 457, 649

119, 826 1, 296, 892

20, 066
190, 035 10, 346, 218
24, 161 75, 620

79, 310, 075
26, 229, 099
5, 710, 735

4,443, 149
230, 318 44, 777, 317

2, 285, 926 1,172, 075 3, 403, 151

3, 147, 678
257, 335 2, 915, 173

36, 019
1,385, 400

40, 546, 443
7, 631 2,885, 038
23, 738, 340 171, 879, 913

10, 379
190, 711 6,040, 268

1, 187, 329
403, 054 4,720, 217
1, 160, 780 11, 761, 643

59, 554 2, 926, 392
1,338, 492107, 899, 941

7,575, 031

$51, 624,000

755, 000
5,192,000

79,000
33, 299,000

327,000
198, 388,000
65,046,000
20, 517,000
14, 275,000
113, 542,000

6,911,000
5, 545, 000
11, 575, 000

9,652, 000
10,668,000

132, 000
3, 275,000
98, 610,000
10, 874, 000
472, 217,000

25,000
16,515,000
2, 162, 000
13, 657,000
32, 468,000
10, 894, 000
285, 481, 000
20, 916,000

$2.52
6.30
4.01
3. 94
3. 22
4.32
2.50
2.48
3.59
3. 21
2.54
3. 02
4. 73
3.40
3.07
3. 66
3. 66
2. 36
2.43
3. 77
2.75
2.41
2. 73
1.82
2. 89
2. 76
3. 72
2. 65
2. 76

17,304

73 2,124

43
8,064

69
64,194
22, 777
7, 797
6, 966
33, 911
2, 360
1, 213
4, 217
2,054
2, 522

55

883 34, 121

4, 100
120,385

34
6,752
1,641
2,379
6,810
2,313
62, 676
4, 203

3,114

23
24, 900
8, 228
2, 709

1, 662
16, 546

814

580
1, 335

910
1,025

70

257
12, 225

1, 930
46, 183

5, 401

78
784

24
2, 162

75
10, 620
4,403

942
1, 133
10,354

551

184
1,400

547
548

25
481
8, 209
1,100
28, 413

30, 035

199 3; 754

93
13, 340

167
99,714
35, 408
11, 448

9, 761
60, 811
3, 725
1, 977
6, 952
3, 511
4,095

150
1, 621
54, 555

7,130
194, 981

34
11, 244
2, 452
4, 381
14, 120

4, 306
117, 300

7, 529

136
181
139
152
178
222
165
179
216
275
182
150
133
213
122
183
178
160
212
213
169
192

115, 783
23, 864
81, 399
96, 041
87, 973
758, 904
212, 618

2, 733

493
1,063
4,841
1, 147
35, 207
2,020

1,759

318

939
2,469

846
19, 417
1, 306

Table 3.-- Production, imports, exports, and home consumption of anthracite and

bituminous coal, 1913-1923, in net tons

[Data on production, consumption, and stocks largely

from U.S. Geological Survey reports; import and export figures from records of Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce)

80,000 +1, 400,000
70,000 +2,500,000
111, 000 -3, 100, 000
108, 000 -4, 200,000
90,000 -450,000
58,000 +1, 120,000
106, 000 +1, 680,000
417,000 -1,560,000
108, 000 +3,855, 000
70,000 -4,530, 000

97,000 +1, 635,000
4, 495,000
4,784, 000
9, 107, 000
7,774, 000 -11,000,000
5, 506, 000 No change.
4,034, 000 +27, 900,000

8,050, 000-34, 900,000
22,059, 000 +22, 800,000
9, 541, 000 +2, 200,000
1, 475,000 -12,000,000
4, 494, 000 +26,000,000

85, 474, 000 84, 041, 000 88, 144, 00 87, 118, 000 94,068, 000 92,775, 00 81, 518, 000 85, 786, 000 81,950, 000 56,798, 000 86, 914, 000 459, 874, 000 408, 792, 000 425, 556, 000 493, 979,000 529, 409, 00 530, 593, 000 481, 658, 000 508, 595, 000 391, 849, 000 426, 915,000 518,993, 000

478, 436, 000
422, 704, 000
442, 624, 000
502, 520,000
551, 791, 000
579, 386, 000
465, 860, 000
568, 667,000
415, 922, 000
422, 268, 000
564, 565, 000

15, 650,000
10, 674, 000

9, 670,000
13, 481, 000
18, 324, 000
18, 316, 000
12, 064, 000
16, 458, 000
13, 590, 000
10, 938,000
16, 960,000

Figures for anthracite represent producers' stocks; for bituminous coal, consumers' stocks. Plus sign denotes coal produced but added to stocks and not consumed; minus sign denotes coal consumed that was withdrawn from stocks carried over from preceding year. Anthracite data from Federal Trade Commission Cost Reports (Coal, No. 2, p. 27), and Hearings before Frelinghuysen Coal Committee, Senate Res. 126, 66th Cong., 1st sess., pt. 1, p. 308. These anthracite figures through 1918 represent coal years, since then, calendar years, and are in part estimates. Bituminous data from repcrts on consumers' stocks of bituminous coal, issued by United States Geological Survey, and article,"Is the coal shortage real or imaginary?” (Coal Age, Aug. 26, 1920, p. 429), by C. E. Lesher, formerly coal statistician, United States Geological Survey, and director of Statistical Division, United States Fuel Administration.

Production plus imports and minus exports, plus or minus the decrease or increase, respectively, represented by the net change in coal stocks. • Fiscal year ended June 30. No data available. PRODUCTION

CONSUMPTION CHANGES
PLUS EXPORTS IN STOCKS

-12

+26

FIGURE 22.- Production of bituminous coal compared to consumption and export, 1916–1923. Bars rep

resent production; dotted line, the sum of consumption and net exports. Consumption has fluctuated much less sharply than production, the differences being explained by the flow of coal in and out of consumers' storage