like Latin America, to ease the burden on us of going through this process.

Senator ELLENDER. Senator Hayden, we seem to be the only country worried about that. Other countries do not worry about it, as I have been able to understand it.

QUESTIONED RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM COSTS

Senator HAYDEN. We are engaged in a program here that is costing us money and not making very much progress in getting it solved. I wonder if there is any other solution where the same number of dollars could be used to get them somewhere.

Mr. MCLEOD. I think it is fair to say we are working on this business of getting them somewhere else.

One of the great problems that the underpopulated countries has is the capital investment required to permit colonization. In Australia, I think they figure it costs them $5,000 per family to establish new settlements in the unclaimed land out there, unsettled land.

In South America I think the per-family cost runs higher than that. So that the financing of these resettlement projects is a matter of concern. We are going to talk about it in Geneva next week.

The United States is trying to keep it off the agenda because our Government policy is to handle this unilaterally, country to country, rather than through an international fund, but there is some sentiment in the committee for an international fund.

With respect to Germany, Senator, the situation there is rather peculiar in that while they are overpopulated the overpopulation is the result of unbalance in the population, which is their word for it.

IMPORTATION OF WORKERS INTO GERMANY

When we were at this ICEM meeting in Geneva last December the Germans announced they were going to import 5,000 Italian workers for their industrial economy. Everybody threw up their hands and said, "Does this mean Germany is no longer an immigration country?" A German delegate hastened to assure us that they did have excess population, but it was unbalanced population, their economy was in such good shape, with their rearmament facing them, they had need of skilled workers, they would have to import them from other European countries in order to meet the demand.

So that that situation is shifting there.

We are finding in this program that we have processed 759 cases where the action has been canceled, most of those because we hand a man a visa and he says, "No, I don't want it now. I am established here and I want to stay here.'

INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON IMMIGRATION

Immigration, historically, as you know, has been pretty much due to economic factors and forces. When the economy in Central Europe is good, why, they are not going to find that they are overpopulated. Senator HAYDEN. We have had that experience with economic factors here.

According to history, originally we needed hand laborers and the Irish came over and did it.

Then the Irish prospered and would not do it any more and then the Italians did it.

Now they are not inclined to come over to this country and do hand labor. As they improve their skills they are more valuable in industry and other places.

Mr. MCLEOD. That is right.

ADEQUACY OF UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTIONS TO RESETTLEMENT

PROGRAMS

Senator HAYDEN. Here you have this large number of people that we are all sorry for and we want to do something for them and they cannot get into the United States under these restrictions under the law.

If we can get them somewhere else, at least you have done some Christian charity. I do not know whether we are expending enough in that regard to relieve the situation.

Mr. MCLEOD. I think we can fairly say that this country is doing its share, probably more than its fair share, toward the contribution of the three possible solutions to this matter, which is immigration to the United States, immigration elsewhere wherever they happen to be, and integration in local communities.

We have programs, well financed I think, contributing to all three of these possible solutions.

PERSONS SENT TO OTHER FREE NATIONS

Senator ELLENDER. Would you be able to tell us how many of these refugees or preference foreigners have been sent to places other than the United States under your supervision?

Mr. MCLEOD. There are none under this program sent anywhere except to the United States.

Senator ELLENDER. You said you assisted in sending them to other places, as I understand it.

Mr. MCLEOD. Through our membership in ICEM, an international organization, and I can get these figures and put them in the record as to how many people.

(The information referred to follows:)

Mr. MCLEOD. They have participated in getting approximately 121,000 out of Europe last calendar year of which about 7,000 came to the United States, and they are going to increase that to approximately 143,000 this calendar year of which it is estimated that 46,000 will come into the United States.

Senator ELLENDER. I misunderstood you. I thought you told Senator Hayden you were assisting in finding home for these people other than in the United States?

Mr. MCLEOD. I meant the United States Government is doing it. It is not our program, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. Now, would you say that one of your main stumbling blocks is obtaining these assurances in the United States? Mr. MCLEOD. I will say that it has been difficult to plan this program because of the lack of uniform receipt of assurances.

Senator ELLENDER. Other than the governors' committees and voluntary committees, are there any other methods by which you are trying to get these assurances?

UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE PROGRAM

Mr. MCLEOD. Yes. This is a kind of backhanded method, but it is operative. We have the United States Employment Service in this program both here and overseas. They are able to bring to the attention of the employers who are in need of skills the fact that there are these skills available in Europe.

At any rate, our experience with them has been that they have been receiving more job orders from employers than we have been able to match up with assurances for housing and against becoming a public charge.

Senator KILGORE. As of April 15, 1955, there have been 25,279 visas issued?

Mr. MCLEOD. Yes, sir.

Senator KILGORE. Now, what skills or tades predominate in those? Could you, for the record, insert some statement on the skills and trades that you are bringing over under that?

Mr. MCLEOD. I am sure we can obtain those statistics.
Senator KILGORE. You put them in the record?
(The information referred to follows:)

Occupational distribution of job assurances for principal refugees-Records received from consulates as of Apr. 22, 1955, representing the first 2,993 visas issued (excludes visas not requiring job orders)

Occupational distribution of job assurances for principal refugees-Records received from consulates as of Apr. 22, 1955, representing the first 2,993 visas issued (excludes visas not requiring job orders)-Continued

NOTE-This schedule has been prepared to reflect the predominating skills and trades. Included under the "Miscellaneous" category are those numbering less than 4 of a kind excepting in the first group where this category represents less than 3 of a kind.

Farm couple.

AGRICULTURE, FISHING AND FOREST OCCUPATIONS

Farmhand, animal, crop speciality, dairy, fruit, general, grain, livestock,

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