3. This Treaty shall enter into force upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by five Governments including the Governments designated as Depositary Governments under this Treaty.

4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.

5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this Treaty, the date of its entry into force and other notices.

6. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article XV

Any State Party to the Treaty may propose amendments to this Treaty. Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Treaty accepting the amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Treaty and thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Treaty on the date of acceptance by it.

Article XVI

Any State Party to the Treaty may give notice of its withdrawal from the Treaty one year after its entry into force by written notification to the Depositary Governments. Such withdrawal shall take effect one year from the date of receipt of this notification.

Article XVII

This Treaty, of which the English, Russian, French, Spanish and Chinese texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty.

DONE in triplicate, at the cities of Washington, London and Moscow, this twentyseventh day of January one thousand nine hundred sixty-seven.

Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America

The Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, like the Antarctic Treaty and the Outer Space Treaty, seeks to limit the spread of nuclear weapons by preventing their introduction into areas hitherto free of them. Unlike the other treaties, the Latin American Treaty concerns itself with a populated areaover 71⁄2 million square miles, inhabited by nearly 200 million people. Besides the agreement among the Latin American countries themselves, there are two Additional Protocols dealing with matters that concern non-Latin American countries. Protocol I involves an undertaking by non-Latin American countries that have possessions in the nuclear-free zone. Protocol II involves an undertaking by those powers which possess nuclear weapons. The United States is a party to both Protocols.

The United States has favored the establishment of nuclear-free zones where they would not disturb existing security arrangements and where provisions for investigating alleged violations would give reasonable assurance of compliance. It has also considered it important that the initiative for such zones originate in the geographical area concerned and that all states important to the denuclearization of the area participate. Considering that Soviet proposals for the denuclearization of Central Europe and other areas did not meet these criteria, the United States opposed them. From the start, however, the United States gave support and encouragement to Latin American countries in this undertaking.

Even before the Cuban missile crisis, the Brazilian representative to the U.N. General Assembly had suggested making Latin America a nuclear-weapon-free zone. During the crisis, he submitted a draft resolution calling for such a zone. While asserting support for the principle, Cuba stipulated certain conditions, including the requirement that Puerto Rico and the Panama Canal Zone be included in the zone, and that foreign military bases, especially Guantanamo Naval Base, be eliminated. The draft resolution was not put to a vote at the General Assembly that year.

The Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 brought home to Latin American countries the dangers of nuclear war, and in April 1963 the Presidents of five Latin American countries-Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico-announced that they were prepared to sign a multilateral agreement that would make Latin America a nuclearweapon-free zone. On November 27, 1963, this declaration received