KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., LTD.'s NEW SCIENTIFIC WORKS. IMPORTANT ADDITIONS TO THE "INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES." ON BUDS AND STIPULES. By the Right Hon. Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. Crown 8vo. 58. EVOLUTION BY ATROPHY: IN BIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY. By JEAN DEMOOR, JEAN MASSART, and EMILE VANDERVELDE. With 84 figures. Crown 8vo. 5s. SEISMOLOGY. By JOHN MILNE, F. R.S., F.G.S., Late Professor of Mining, Geology, and Seismology in the Imperial College of Engineering, Tokio, Japan; Hon. Fellow of King's College, London. With 53 figures. Crown 8vo. 5s. In one Volume Demy 8vo, with many Illustrations from wood-blocks THE GEOGRAPHY OF MAMMALS. LONDON: PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD, W.C. ÉMILE VANDERVELDE PROFESSOR AT THE INSTITUTE OF HAUTES ÉTUDES OF BRUSSELS TRANSLATED BY MRS CHALMERS MITCHELL UNIV. OF LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., Ltd. PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD PREFACE CONTENTS PAGE 5 1. Societies and organisms. 2. Individuals, colonies and societies. 3. Communities and societies. 4. Distinc- Chapter I. In the evolution of organs all modification is necessarily attended by degeneration § 1. Preliminary considerations (1) Original formation of organs in ancestral forms Limbs adapted to an aquatic life (Ceratodus, Ortha- |