active, strong, and given much to original thought. He was of an inventive bent, and many of his inventions tended to the betterment of the public institutions. The most successful, probably, were the hot-water heater and the steam trap, which are now used in many public hospitals. From a purely commercial viewpoint his gas meter, which was developed in 1891, proved most successful.

Dr. Tobey was a believer in the brotherhood of man and the Fatherhood of God. He was a close friend of “Golden-Rule Mayor Sam Jones, of Toledo; counted Robert G. Ingersoll, Paul Lawrence Dunbar, and James A. Hearne among his intimates. He was a philanthropist, educating the poor, helping the needy; his benevolences were only limited by his means and opportunity, and were known to few beside the beneficiaries.

More than 20 years ago it was the writer's very great privilege to be associated with this remarkable man, this great hearted, lovable Tobey. For many months previous to the opening of the Toledo State Hospital I was engaged in assisting him prepare record books, arrange for the reception of patients, and in all the work incident to the launching of a great institution. Necessarily we were thrown together more closely than is ordinarily the case between superintendent and assistant. I learned to know him intimately, both professionally and socially, and I loved him. His tact, his industry, his ability to organize, all were of a superior order. I have never known a man who could with so little effort secure the entire confidence of patient and of employe alike. His patients loved him, his employes honored and respected him, and thoroughly believed in him. In his employ loyalty was the watchword. No man had more of the milk of human kindness than Dr. Tobey. Never had man a more promising future; the sun shone brightly, and he was standing on the pinnacle when the angel touched his elbow and beckoned him to follow. The State has lost a faithful citizen, and bows its head in sorrow, but only we, his intimate friends, can appreciate the loss of his kindly presence, the geniality of his personal magnetism. We have lost. a dear friend and loving counsellor. The world is richer because of his having lived in it. He never wilfully wounded the feelings of another, nor did what he considered an injustice to a fellow

being. His motto was: "Look through the veneer to find the man, not through the man to find the defect."

He was large hearted and liberal in his alms-giving, but so unostentatious that few knew of his generosity, save those made richer by his benedictions. The sick, the poor, the afflicted, and all those whose lot is suffering and privation, have especial cause to mourn the loss of one whose whole life was devoted to their service and who deemed it his highest privilege to be able to mitigate their sorrows. He was, indeed, their benefactor. I do not know whether strict theology would include him in the list of those denominated orthodox Christians, but I do know that if there is a point between here and Heaven where some poor soul has halted and sent up the cry for help, there you will find Dr. Tobey pouring into his ears the words of cheer and comfort, and lending a helping hand. If by doing "unto one unto one of the least of these" is to follow in the footsteps of the Master, then I know that Dr. Tobey was a Christian. He was a noble man, a true friend, a sweet soul.

"Life is a crucible; we are thrown into it and tried, and actual weight and value of a man are determined by the good he has accomplished and the place he holds in the hearts of his fellow mortals." Measured and weighed by these standards, Dr. Tobey was a full-grown man. We cannot believe he is dead. We are prone to believe that "living is death; dying is life; we are not what we appear to be. On this side of the grave we are exiles; on that, citizens; on this side, orphans; on that, children; on this side, captives; on that, free men; on this side, disguised; on that, disclosed and proclaimed sons of God."

MASSILLON, OHIO, May 4, 1909.

HENRY C. EYMAN.

DR. H. E. BUCHAN.

Dr. Humphrey Ewing Buchan, assistant superintendent of the London Hospital for Insane, died October 17, 1907. He was born near Paris, Ontario, May 20, 1842. He graduated in arts and medicine in the University of Toronto, afterwards studying in London, England, and Glasgow.

After spending many years in private practice he was, in 1883, appointed assistant superintendent at the Toronto Hospital for Insane. He subsequently occupied a similar position in Rockwood Hospital for Insane, Kingston, and then removed to London Hospital for Insane (Ontario), in which institution he remained until his final illness overtook him.

Dr. Buchan was a popular physician and had many admirers in the service, and if he had commenced the study of psychiatry at an early period in his lifetime would no doubt, in due course, have been found at the head of an institution. He was a man of gentle nature and enjoyed the confidence and respect of all the patients with whom he came in contact.

C. K. CLARKE.

DR. CHARLES ERASTUS HICKEY.

Dr. C. E. Hickey, medical superintendent of the Hospital for the Insane at Cobourg, Ontario, died quite suddenly on the 19th September, 1908, at the age of 70 years.

He graduated from McGill University in 1866 and began practice in the town of Morrisburg, where he attained a high position in the professional, social, and public life of the district. For a number of years he represented the county of Dundas in the Dominion Parliament.

In 1905 he was appointed superintendent of the Hospital for the Insane, Cobourg, Ontario.

Dr. Hickey was widely read in his professional work, and was highly esteemed by his confrères for his ability, his sound judgment, and his true, manly spirit.

EDWARD RYAN.

Half-Pearly Summary.

ARIZONA.-Territorial Asylum for the Insane, Phoenix.-This asylum has just completed a new hospital building of reinforced concrete, with accommodations for 160 patients, equipped for hydrotherapy treatment, and with a modern well-equipped operating room. An ice and cold storage plant will be erected this spring.

CALIFORNIA.-Mendocino State Hospital, Talmage.-This hospital has just completed a large concrete dairy barn with modern improvements. There is also under construction a convalescent cottage for 60 male patients which is nearly completed.

The kitchen and dining room are being enlarged and refurnished. An artesian well has recently been driven which will increase the water supply considerably.

-Napa State Hospital, Napa.-During the past year there has been inaugurated an open-door system for many of the patients, there being no locks or window guards, and the patients are privileged to go and come as they desire, placing those who live in such cottages on their honor not to run away and not to leave the premises unless they have permission of one of the medical officers. The plan has been successful, and it is proposed to inaugurate the same system for a certain class of the female patients.

A portion of the receiving and treatment building is about ready to open. This is a separate and distinct building, away from the main buildings of the institution, and in it are located the hydrotherapeutic department and also a well-equipped surgical department. Connected with this is a building which is being fitted up as a laboratory to carry on scientific and research work; and to accomplish the best results along those lines there was recently appointed to the position of pathologist and bacteriologist, Earnest Dozier, M. D., who has come highly recommended, and it is felt that the Napa State Hospital within a few years will be found among the leading hospitals of the country.

The daily clinics which are being carried on by the medical staff have proven a source of great benefit, not only to the staff, but has had a tendency to cause a feeling of contentment among the patients and has received encouragement from relatives and friends of those under our care.

The completion of the water system has proven of great value, as the institution now has a sufficient supply during the dry summer months. The remodeling and furnishing of the general kitchen has placed our culinary department among the best of its kind in this state.

COLORADO.-Colorado State Insane Asylum, Pueblo.-This hospital with 920 patients is at present overcrowded. Three new dormitories are to be erected, each of which will accommodate 75 patients. They will cost $50,000 each and it is intended to use two for women and one for men. Even when these are completed there will not be sufficient room and the erection of another hospital has been recommended by the Colorado Association of County Commissioners.

CONNECTICUT.-At the last session of the legislature an appropriation of $25,000 was made to purchase a site for an epileptic colony, and a commission was appointed to select it.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.-Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington.-The new boiler house, which was under erection six months ago, has now been completed. Four 300-horsepower boilers have been installed and set up, and are now waiting for the necessary pipe connections. Several of the buildings have already been rewired in process of changing them over from direct to alternating current. The first contract for changes in the electrical generating machinery in the power house has been let and already considerable progress has been made in the laying of terra cotta conduit to contain the lead-covered cables which will carry the alternating current.

The circulating library for patients has proved of great value. We have constantly in circulation on the wards upwards of 800 volumes. This amount of literature in daily use must bring a great deal of comfort to the patients.

Because of the extreme difficulty in getting medical men for the staff of the hospital that have any training whatever in neurological or psychiatric technique, and because the young men who do come to the hospital under ordinary circumstances are of little service for a number of months, it was decided, beginning the first of this year, to give a regular course of instruction to the younger medical men. Accordingly a course was outlined and given by the scientific department of the hospital. In this way the new-comers to the staff are given, with as little delay as possible, the tools which it is required that they shall use in their daily routine ward work. The results of the instruction have been eminently satisfactory, as the young men have been made useful in a minimum length of time. One of the main features of the instruction was the outlining of a systematic course of neurological and psychiatric examinations, which could be placed in the hands of the medical interne and which would enable him to go through an examination with very little instruction, and yet present a case record that will contain all of the essential features necessary for making a diagnosis and for passing upon the case in its various administrative phases.

As set forth in a previous summary, the army has assigned a medical man to the hospital for the study of psychiatric problems, as related to questions of military organization. The navy has recently followed the same course, and on the first of the present month assigned Dr. Heber