The simple curves for the right and left hands show little of significance. There is a tendency to reversal, which, however, is not maintained after the second interval. The undistinctive character of these curves, however, is due wholly to the fact that the progressive overcoming of the retardation already noted clinically, produces so great a variation in the individual series that in simply taking the average for the intervals the progressive changes are masked. The number of taps in each of the five individual series with the right and left hands is as follows: Right hand NUMBER OF TAPS IN 30 SECONDS. 99 93 62 82 81 The characteristic in both hands is a relatively high rate in the first series, which drops to a minimum in the second, and then increases to the end. In each hand a low initial performance seems to be broken through by special influences at the beginning, after which the retardation again asserts itself, only to be overcome by the activities of the test. If we compare the relationship of the right and left hands in this experiment to their relationship in the other two experiments, there is evident a marked transference phenomenon, i. e., undue favoring of the following hand. The left hand here averages half as fast again as the right, while in the previous experiments it was only slightly more rapid. The series in this experiment show a wider variation in rate than occurs in any other experiment the writer has made. This variation is related in a rather significant way to the fatigue phenomena which the successive series show. The course of the f's through the successive series is plotted in the same way as for Case I. The f's begin low but at once mount very high, showing a great amount of reversal and then a gradual tendency to decrease to the end. Thus at the beginning of the experiment, at the period of greatest retardation, there was within the individual series no response to the warming-up influences at all, the first series running 19-16-14-15-15-14, f .79. Later, when the retardation is more overcome, we do find this response to intraserial warming up, obtaining such series as the fifth, with the right hand, running 14-15-18—18—18—16, f 1.22. Finally, the retardation is so far overcome that the best efforts are put forth immediately with no delay in warming up, e. g., with the fifth series in the left hand running 27-27-27-2625-25, f .96, with no actual reversal at all. These records illustrate especially a point in which the writer has quoted certain interpretations of Hutt. The most profound conditions of retardation may present no response at all to the warming-up influences of the activities of the test, and a gradual overcoming of retardation is first seen in the ability to respond to these warming-up influences (as shown in the reversed curves), while, finally, the retardation being still further overcome, the fatigue-curve again more approximates the normal in form. CASE III. Retired manufacturer, 71, some heredity. An industrious and hard-working man all his life, of best habits, retiring from business a few years ago, after he had made a moderate fortune. Although always having given a certain amount of his time to church work, at about this period he began to show excessive interest in religious activities that indicates the possibility of a hypomanic condition. Then matters went along about normally for a year, when three or four months before admission he was noticed to be sleepy, apt to lie down, slow to understand, lacking the power to start things. He also began to worry about financial matters, but no real mental cause of this or any other nature is known. For a brief period before admission he spoke openly of suicide. At the time of the experiments he was perfectly clear and oriented, and formed a striking example of those cases who, with a first attack at the involution period, yet show none of the characteristic involution symptoms, but form a typical picture of manic-depressive depression. With this subject the regular experiment was performed 10 times, first on July 6, 1908, three days after admission; again on July 15, and daily for the eight days following. The averages of the six intervals are given in the curves subjoined, the experiments in which the right hand precedes being sketched in a continuous line, those in which the left hand precedes being sketched in a dotted line (Fig. 9). The absolute rate is somewhat below the normal, and there 'Hutt: Rechenversuche bei Manisch-Depressive, Ps. Arb., V. 3 (1908), pp. 338-370. Wells: Studies in Retardation, Am. J. Ps., XX, pp. 49-50. is considerably less fatigue loss than the normal, as is usually the case. On the other hand, except for those with the right hand preceding, the curves show no real reversal, but each individual curve runs along about on a level with no marked fluctuation. The subject co-operated with active willingness, and seemed always anxious to do his best; so that although there is no actual reversal, the curves probably present a real over-balancing of fatigue loss in the constant maintenance of a low but maximum rate. The transference phenomena, which are the most striking experimental features of retardation in this case, are superficially shown in the above quoted curves, the dotted lines being farther apart than the continuous ones, showing here that the following hand is the more favored. They are presented in greater detail in the accompanying curves (Fig. 10). Bearing now in mind that on the odd days the right hand precedes the left, while on the even days the left hand precedes the right, the more favorable position of the following hand is evident. This is very seldom seen in normal individuals, except in a late stage of practice. In the curve for the index of righthandedness the index is invariably low (i. e., the left hand relatively poorer) when the left hand precedes, and high when it follows; on the fifth day the right and left hands were exactly equal. With the sole exception of the last day, the index rises on the odd, and falls on the even days. This result corresponds closely to that obtained by Hoch in a similar case with the ergograph (Psychol. Bull., I, 255). With respect to f the left hand is subject to a certain constant influence that may be in the nature of practice effect, but the alternation of the right hand f's is perfectly clear cut. They are high on the even days when the right hand follows, and low on the odd days when it precedes. Such warming-up effect, then, as is transferred from the pre |