THE TOWNSHIP OF ANSTRUTHER.

The township of Anstruther lies immediately in the rear of Burleigh; the Colonization road passing through its south-east corner before entering the township of Chandos, which bounds it on the east. Anstruther was surveyed in 1859-60 by Geo. A. Stewart, Esq., P. L. S.

Among the earliest settlers of this township were Messrs. Thomas Stewart, Patrick Breen, William Wilson and sons, Edward S. Hall, D. R. Castidy, Charles J. Vizard, Captain Lynch Bloss, Dr. Clegg, Caleb Lousley, John Steen, Philip Lousley, and John Young, most of whom found their way there in 1862.

Mr. D. R. Castidy and Mr. Philip Lousley now keep store in Anstru ther. Mr. Edward S Hall has charge of the "Apsley" Post Officeopened in 1865, of which Mr. Charles J. Vizard was first Postmaster.

Two Union School sections have been formed between Anstruther and Chandos, in one of which a substantial log school house was erected in 1866, at a cost of about $150. In the other, which is situated north of the Chandos Post Office, an unoccupied dwelling house erected by a settler, is temporarily used for this purpose; a school having been opened there by Miss Sheehan in August, 1866.

A small Wesleyan church was erected in Anstruther during the same year, (1866) which is intended for use by the entire settlement. As yet the Rev. Mr. Sheridan and the Rev. Mr. Gander, of the Methodist church, are the only ministers of any denomination who have conducted religious services in this settlement.

Anstruther has two taverns, kept respectively by Mr. Thomas Stewart, and Mr. E. S. Hall.

The remarks made in reference to the difficulties and trials of settlement, in connection with Burleigh, apply equally to Anstruther, and also the next township, viz :

THE TOWNSHIP OF CHANDOS.

This township has made the most rapid progress of any in the settlement. First settled in 1862, the names of fifty-seven ratepayers appear on the resident roll for 1866.

Among the first settlers were Messrs. Henry J. Maxwell, Samuel Edgar, Cornelius Maher, James Young, Billings Kilburn, Michael O'Brien,

Patrick, James, Maurice, John and Daniel O'Brien; Patrick Horan, John, Robert and William Horan, William Morrison, John Finarty and Patrick Finarty.

Most of the settlers named in this and the other townships were men of families. The first child born in Chandos was a son of Mr. Billings Kilburn, in 1863. Mr. Maxwell, besides his farm, has a general store, and is also Postmaster of the "Chandos" office.

As already stated, this and the neighboring townships are all united for municipal purposes, but ere long, Chandos will be erected into a separate municipality.

Both this and the adjoining townships are rich in iron, marble and other valuable deposits, which only await labor and enterprise to turn to profitable account, and greatly to conduce not only to the wealth and population of these new settlements, but to the general resources and prosperity of the Province.

THE TOWNSHIP OF CARDIFF.

During 1862, the following settlers found their way into Cardiff,-a partly surveyed township in the rear of Chandos :-Messrs. Wheeler Armstrong, George Patterson and Joseph Dunlop.

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE INDIAN TRIBES.

There are in the County of Peterborough the remnant of two bands of Indians, both being of the Massasaugua tribe; the one residing on the northern shore of Rice lake, and the other on a projection of the township of Smith, which is prominently visible in the upper part of Chemong or Mud lake.

In the year 1818, the Indians of these two bands, surrendered to the Government 1,951,000 acres of land in the then Newcastle District; in return for which they receive an annuity of $2960, being from $9 to $10 per head of their whole population.

The New England Company, at an early period, interested itself in the temporal and spiritual welfare of the Indians; and have done much towards the amelioration of their condition, irrespective of creed or locality. Their agent is invariably a clergyman of some christian denomination. The Rev. Mr. Scott at first acted in this capacity to the Indians of this county, and on his death, in 1837, the Rev. John Gilmour was appointed by the company to this charge. Although both of these bands have adopted the Methodist form of belief, and are usually supplied by ministers of that church, the Rev. Mr. Gilmour continues to visit each village alternately, preaching at Rice lake once in four weeks, and at Chemong lake once in two weeks. This is done by means of an interpreter-Mr. James McCue, -who resides at Rice lake.

It is remarkable of both these bands that their natural increase is barely sufficient to make good the losses by death; so that their numbers maintain an uniformity which could hardly be predicated of any other people under like circumstances.

Rice Lake Indians.-According to official returns, published a few years ago, the Rice lake Indians occupy 1550 acres of land, of which 1120 were granted in 1834 "to Trustees for the benefit of the Indian tribes of the Province, and with a view to their conversion and civilization." These trustees are, His Lordship, Bishop Bethune, the Rev. John Gilmour, Capt. Charles Rubidge, R. N., and Robert Dennistoun, Esq. The Rev. Mark Burnham has just been chosen successor to one of their number, who resides at Kingston.

The Rice lake Indians subsequently purchased 430 acres of land; and 200 more in Otonabee are held in trust for the joint benefit of the Rice lake and Mud lake Indians.

Their village, to which the name of Hiawatha has been given, is pleasantly situated on the northern shore of Rice lake, adjacent to the Cobourg and Peterborough railway, which passes through a portion of their property. Their land is of excellent quality, and well adapted for agricultural pursuits.

The number of the Rice lake Indians, a few years ago, was in all 145. Of late they have slightly diminished. Their village contains 26 houses, mostly of logs, and 13 out-houses. There is a frame church, in which a resident Methodist minister regularly preaches, through the interpreter already mentioned. An effort is now being made to erect a neat brick

church, which is likely to prove successful. There are also a school house and a school teacher's residence. The Methodist body largely supports this school, which is under the Common School system. Its attendance averages about twenty, a considerable number of which are whites.

Of late years the New England Company has offered premiums for the best crops, and garden vegetables. In 1866, $38.75 were distributed in this way as an encouragement to industry.

Hiawatha has a Post Office of the same name, and also a small general

store.

The Chemong Lake Indians.-This band occupies a tract of 1600 acres, on a peninsula of the township of Smith. It is deeded to the New England Company, in fee simple, in trust, for the benefit of the Indians. About 200 acres are cleared. This was done by the company, who in former years attempted to farm it. This system has been discontinued, and the land is now divided into little plots for the use and occupation of each family separately.

During the last thirty years, they have increased about two per cent; and in 1865 their entire population was 140. They have now 14 or 15 houses. Their soil is less fertile than that of the Rice lake Indians; and they cultivate it but sparingly, finding their chief occupation in hunting and fishing. They shew but little disposition to imitate the husbandry and thrift of the whites, and even that useful animal, the cow, is comparatively rare among them. The Chemong lake Indians have a good church, a frame building, on a stone foundation, and besides the regular ministrations of the Rev. Mr. Gilmour, they are visited periodically by the resident Methodist minister at Lakefield. They have a day school, with an average of about 20 pupils, to which is attached a boarding house, in which about ten young Indians, male and female, of from 8 to 14 years of age, are fed, clothed and taught. A few of these are from the Rice lake band. From 1838 until 1843, their school was conducted by James Edwards, Esq., our present Town Clerk; and during the last 16 or 17 years, it has been under the able superintendence of Mr. and Mrs, Schofield.

A small farm is carried on in connection with the school, on which enough is raised materially to aid in its maintenance, and to feed 45 sheep and a few cows; which in their turn prove sources of profit to their

owners.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

PETERBOROUGH VOLUNTEER FORCE.

THE ROLL OF HONOR!

The following are the names of the officers and privates of the several companies of Peterborough Volunteers, who rushed to arms in June, 1866, for the defence of the Province against Fenian invasion :—

PETERBOROUGH RIFLE COMPANY.

*

Captain Edwin Poole,* Lieutenant H. C. Rogers,* Ensign Theodore B. Clementi,* Color-Sergeant William Johnson, Sergeants William Logan, J. I. Davidson*, Thomas Burke*, Corporal Edward Cookson,* George Stevenson, Erasmus Green,* Bugler Edward Green,

Privates David Arnott, Henry Anderson, Douglass G. Bell, David Breeze, William Clifford, John Craig, Richard P. Cook, George Hazlehurst, Robert Donnelly*, Henry Eastland, George Fisher, John Green, Peter Gifford, A. G. Gilbert, John Irwin, George Kingdon, Hiram Lithgow, George H. May, John Madden, Hugh McMann, John McMillan, Henry McNeil, John McWilliams, Samuel Montgomery, James Roseboro, Thomas C. Nicholls, William F. Orde, John Roche, John Montgomery, Thomas Rutherford, John Sawers, Robert J. Stutt, Alfred Schofield, Geo. Stenton, Edward Tully, Robert Thompson, Egerton Walton, William English, David English, F. H. Knapp, Samuel Montgomery, H. Nesbett, D. McFarlane,

PETERBOROUGH INFANTRY COMPANY NO. 1.

Captain John Kennedy*, Lieutenant William N. Kennedy*, Ensign John W. Kennedy,* Color-Sergeant Alexander Morrow, Sergeants William McDonnell, James C. Kennedy, and John W. Bell. Corporals Joseph Graham, Ezekiel James Nesbett, William Langford, Charles H. Sweeting. Lance Corporals George B. Perry, William E. James, John W. Miller, Harry Rush, John McIntyre. Bugler Harry Philp.

* Promoted, temporarily, during active service.