founding of the People's Republic of China. The present visit of His Royal Highness the Prince has a great significance and far-reaching influence for further strengthening the relations of friendship and cooperation between China and Cambodia.

"For Us Cambodians, [Communist] China Is Our Friend No. 1": SPEECH BY THE PRINCE HEAD OF STATE OF CAMBODIA (SIHANOUK), PEKING, OCTOBER 6, 1964 (EXCERPT) 78

The six million Cambodians are infinitely grateful to the People's Republic of China for her resolute support, which our joint statement has solemnly proclaimed," and for the new and most important unconditional economic and military aid which she is giving us without the least compensation. This support and this aid are the symbol of the sincere friendship, the solidarity and the generosity which the People's Republic of China entertain for all the peoples who are struggling against aggression, threats, and the designs of exploitation by the imperialists, colonialists, neo-colonialists and foreign capitalists and all those at their service for all the peoples who are devoting all their efforts to raising their standards of living, consolidating their political independence by realizing their economic independence, and to safeguarding their peace by defending their dignity and safeguarding their territorial integrity.

For us Cambodians, China is our friend No. 1, and the friend No. 1 of all the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America who are in a situation similar to ours and who share our aspirations and hopes.

More than 70 countries have sent their leaders or delegates to participate in the celebrations of the 15th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Very few big powers have the privilege of welcoming so many friends who have come to express their friendship and support on the occasion of their National Day. This proves that the imperialists and their like have suffered a shameful defeat in their attempt to isolate China, to discredit China in the eyes of all countries, to use threats and the most odious blackmail in order to prevent the establishment or strengthening of ties of friendship with China.

78 U.S. Consulate General, Hong Kong, Survey of China Mainland Press, No. 3316, Oct. 12, 1964, pp. 17-19. The source text is the written speech of Prince Sihanouk on the occasion of his departure for Cambodia, as released by the New China News Agency.

79 Supra.

Document IX-25

Termination of the Mission of the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General to Cambodia and Thailand by the End of 1964: LETTER FROM THE U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL (THANT) TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL (STEVENSON), NOVEMBER 9, 1964 80

Document IX-26

Announcement of United States-Cambodian Talks To Resolve Existing Differences: STATEMENT READ TO CORRESPONDENTS BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NEWS (MCCLOSKEY), DEPARTMENT OF STATE, NOVEMBER 27, 1964 81

Two days ago, on November 25, the United States Government proposed to the Royal Cambodian Government that the U.S.-Cambodian talks which had been originally proposed by the United States on November 16 commence on December 7.82 As you know, New Delhi has been agreed upon as the site for the discussions. Yesterday the Cambodian Government accepted the proposed date and confirmed that the Cambodian Chief of State has designated his Privy Counselor, Mr. Son Sann, as chief Cambodian representative at the talks. He will be assisted by the Cambodian Ambassador to India, Mr. Nong Kimny. President Johnson has designated Ambassador Philip W. Bonsal as his representative at the talks. Mr. Bonsal is former Director of the Office of Southeast Asian Affairs and attended the 1954 Geneva conference on Indochina. The Ambassador joined the Foreign Service in 1938. He has served as Ambassador to Colombia, Bolivia, Cuba, and Morocco. For the past several months he has been serving as a consultant to the Policy Planning Council in the Department.

No agenda has been fixed or announced. Our position on these talks is that they should be aimed at existing differences, that is, resolving those differences between Cambodia and the United States, but each side should be free to introduce any subject relevant to this purpose. We would not consider it appropriate to negotiate on matters involving the interests of third countries without their participation.

80 U.N. doc. S/6040. The Mission had begun on Jan. 1, 1963; see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1963, p. 743. The Secretary-General indicated that during 1965 he would address himself to views offered by Cambodia and Thailand on a suggestion by the latter country that some form of U.N. mediation might prove helpful in normalizing relations between the two countries.

81 Department of State Bulletin, Dec. 14, 1964, pp. 856-857.

83 The talks began on Dec. 8; see infra.

Document IX-27

Conclusion of United States-Cambodian Talks "Without Agreement on Major Differences": STATEMENT READ TO CORRESPONDENTS BY THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NEWS (WRIGHT), DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DECEMBER 17, 1964 83

The United States-Cambodian talks which began in New Delhi on December 8 ended today without agreement on major differences. Ambassador Philip W. Bonsal, leader of the U.S. delegation, issued the following statement in New Delhi earlier today:

"In view of the deterioration in Cambodian-United States relations, the United States proposed these talks with the primary object of leaving no stone unturned to ensure that the Royal Cambodian Government understood the position of the United States. This much has been accomplished. It was also our hope to find means to bring about an improvement in relations between us. The Cambodian Government has put forward a number of proposals which will require considerable study by my Government. Accordingly, the U.S. delegation is returning to Washington to report."

THE CHINA AREA

Document IX-28

Lack of Prospects for Diminution of Tension Between the United States and Communist China: REPLY MADE BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE (RUSK) TO A QUESTION ASKED AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, JANUARY 2, 1964 (EXCERPT) 84

I think the principal judgment we can make on the authorities of Peiping at the present time is on the basis of their conduct. I do not, myself, see any change in the attitude of Peiping toward peace with the rest of the world, registered by actions, which can demonstrate any attempt to live in solid peace with their neighbors and with the rest of the world.

87

They are not supporting the Geneva accords in Southeast Asia.85 For 8 years they have rejected the renunciation of force in the Formosa Straits.86 They did attack India a year ago. They are engaged from time to time in subversive activity in places like Latin America. They refused to sign the nuclear test ban treaty.88 They,

Texts in American Foreign Policy, 1950-1955: Basic Documents, vol. I, pp. 750-788; American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1962, pp. 1075-1083.

ST

See footnote 2 to doc. IX-1, ante.

See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1962, pp. 1015–1027; ibid., 1963, pp. 761-762.

Text ibid., pp. 1032-1034.

in their dispute with Moscow, are pressing for the militant line, although Mr. Chou En-lai has made some remarks about peaceful coexistence during his African trip.90

90

We feel that we have to evaluate Peiping's attitude and policy by their deeds and their actions. At the present time we are not too hopeful about any change from that capital.

Document IX-29

French-Chinese Communist Agreement on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations: JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ ISSUED AT PARIS AND PEIPING BY THE FRENCH AND CHINESE COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS, JANUARY 27, 1964 91

The Government of the French Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China have decided by mutual accord, to establish diplomatic relations.

They have agreed, in this connection, to designate their ambassadors within three months.92

Document IX-30

United States Regret at France's Decision To Establish Diplomatic Relations With Communist China: STATEMENT READ TO NEWS CORRESPONDENTS BY A DEPARTMENT OF STATE PRESS OFFICER (THIRKIELD), JANUARY 27, 1964 93

94

The United States regrets France's decision [to recognize Communist China]. We have repeatedly expressed to the Government of France the reasons why we consider that this would be an unfortunate step, particularly at a time when the Chinese Communists are actively promoting aggression and subversion in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.

The United States will stand firmly by its commitments to the Government of the Republic of China, the Government of the Republic of Viet-Nam, as well as all other countries in our common endeavor to prevent and deter aggression and to promote the interests of peace.

93 Chinese Communist and French Chargés d'Affaires (Sung Chih-kuang and Claude Chayet) arrived in Paris and Peking, Feb. 23-24; the French and Chinese Communist Governments announced the appointment of ambassadors (Lucien Paye and Huang Chen), Apr. 27, 1964.

93

Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 17, 1964, p. 260. 94 Supra.

Document IX-31

Chinese Communist Interpretation of the Agreement To Establish Diplomatic Relations With France: STATEMENT MADE BY A SPOKESMAN OF THE FOREIGN MINISTRY OF THE "PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA," PEIPING, JANUARY 28, 1964 95

It was in the capacity of the sole legal Government representing all the Chinese people that the Government of the People's Republic of China entered into negotiations and reached agreement with the Government of the French Republic on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. According to international practice, recognition of the new government of a country naturally implies ceasing to recognize the old ruling group overthrown by the people of that country. Consequently, the representatives of the old ruling group can no longer be regarded as representatives of that country to be present side by side with the representatives of the new government in one and the same country or international organization. It was with this understanding that the Government of the People's Republic of China reached agreement with the Government of the French Republic on the establishment of diplomatic relations and the exchange of ambassadors between China and France. The Chinese Government deems it necessary to reaffirm that Taiwan is part of China's territory and that any attempt to detach Taiwan from China or otherwise to create "two Chinas" is absolutely unacceptable to the Chinese Government and people."

Document IX-32

The French Need for Direct Diplomatic Communication With Communist China: REPLY MADE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC (GENERAL DE GAULLE) TO A QUESTION ASKED AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, JANUARY 31, 1964 (EXCERPT) 98

It is true that Soviet Russia at first" lent China considerable aid: establishing credit for the purchase of tools and supplies, furnishing mining and industrial equipment and specialists, sending engineers, technicians, skilled workers. to the spot, and so on. This was the period when the Kremlin, utilizing here as elsewhere its rigorous preponderance within the Communist Church to sup

95 Peking Review, Jan. 31, 1964, p. 10. 96 Ante, doc. IX-29.

"No break in diplomatic relations took place between the Republic of China and France immediately following the latter's recognition of Communist China. On Feb. 10, however, the Republic of China announced the termination of relations with France after the French Government made clear that it regarded. Nationalist Chinese jurisdiction as embracing only the Government of Taiwan. On the same day, Feb. 10, the Department of State issued a statement to the effect that the Republic of China's action was "understandable in the light of the French decision" to deal only with Communist China as the government of the mainland. The statement also pointed out to the French Government that there was "no such thing as recognition of Communist China without conditions." a reference to the fact that France had earlier referred to its recognition of the "People's Republic of China" as being without conditions. (See The New York Times, Feb. 11, 1964.)

Speeches and Press Conferences No. 201, Jan. 31, 1964, of the French Embassy Press and Information Service, New York, pp. 13–14.

Following the establishment of the Communist regime in China.

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